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Probability applications in Mechanical design: vol. 128 in Mechanical engineering design series
Book reviews / Vacuum 62 (2001) 387}391
(13) Discharges in N }O mixtures (21pp., 79 refs., pp. 229}250) (14) Kinetic processes in the ionosphere (16pp., 97 refs., pp. 251}267) (15) Interaction of space vehicles with atmospheric gases (16pp., 101 refs., pp. 269}285)
389
(16) Acoustic shock waves in non-equilibrium gases (10pp., 74 refs., pp. 287}297) Index (pp. 299}300) W. Steckelmacher 177 Rusper Road Ixeld, Crawley, Sussex RHll OHT, UK
PII: S 0 0 4 2 - 2 0 7 X ( 0 0 ) 0 0 4 3 4 - 6
Molecular and supramolecular photochemistry, Vol. 5: solid state and surface photochemisty V. Ramamurthy, Kirk S. Schanze, Marcel Dekker, edited by: Inc, New York, USA, 2000; 328 pp. ISBN: 0-8247-0403-7 As pointed out, the subject of organic photochemistry has grown over a period of four decades from relatively unknown to a well-developed discipline. The science of photochemistry evolved with the development of new technologies based on advanced materials and the ability to study the processes and their analysis. In this volume, six chapters written by experts cover recent developments in photochemistry and photophysics on surfaces and crystals. Five of these deal with the chemistry, whereas the sixth covers Photo-Oxidation in Zeolites. In the "rst chapter, R. Dabestani (from Oak Ridge National laboratory) and Michael E. Sigman review `Spectroscopy and Photochemical Transformations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Silica- and Alumina}Air Interfaces.a They summarize the photochemistry and photophysics of areas on silica surfaces. In the second chapter, K. Takagi and T. Shichi who pioneered the use of clay, provide an exhaustive summary of it for photochemistry and photophysics. With the extensive references and presentation of progress in this area make this
chapter a valuable resource for the use of clay as a reaction medium. In the third chapter, M. Irie, involved in the development of photochromic crystals gives a summary of work in his laboratory on photochromism of diarylethenes in crystalline state. It provides a valuable resource to every photochemist. The last three interrelated chapters deal with the use of zeolite as a reaction medium for photochemical and photophysical phenomena. They provide an in-depth view of electron transfer and charge transfer chemistry within zeolites and are an excellent resource for references. The authors Yoon, Hashimoto, Vasenkov and Frei are pioneers in the use of zeolites as reaction media and made important contributions to photochemistry within zeolites. The long chapter (110pp.) by Yoon deals primarily with charge transfer interactions within zeolites; important for studies of this topic. Hashimoto's chapter on electron transfer process within zeolites complements the chapter by Yoon, focusing on his own, and other laboratories. Finally, Vasenkov and Frei nicely summarize the PhotoOxidation in Zeolites: to oxidize alkanes, alkenes and aromatics.
W. Steckelmacher 177 Rusper Road, Crawley, Ixeld, Sussex RH11 OHT, UK
PII: S 0 0 4 2 - 2 0 7 X ( 0 0 ) 0 0 4 4 4 - 9
Probability applications in Mechanical design: vol. 128 in Mechanical engineering design series Franklin E. Fisher and Joy R. Fisher, Xi#276 p.
Price $135.00, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, ISBN: 0-8247-0260-3 2000
390
Book reviews / Vacuum 62 (2001) 387}391
The book was designed so that it could be used both by practising engineers in industries and colleges by including a listing of examples and problems useful for graduate courses. Thus, Chapter 1 * Data Reduction, pp. 1}37, with six sections provides the data reduction techniques for "tting experimental failure data to a statistical distribution. In this context alone, no normal (Gaussian) and Weibull distributions are considered but the techniques can be expanded to include other distributions also, including nonparametric distributions. Chapter 2 * Application of Probability to Mechanical design, pp. 39}143 with 31 references, with another six sections which is the main part of the book, applies probability and computer analysis to fatigue, design and variations of both. This chapter is arranged into six sections which are as follows: I Probability (pp. 39}42) II Bayes Theorem (pp. 42}44) III Decision Trees (pp. 44}47) IV Variance (pp. 47}56) V Safety Factors and probability of Failure (pp. 56}66) VI Fatigue with 8 sections (pp. 66}144) with 67 references Chapter 3 * Optimum Design (pp. 145}186) has eight sections which are I Fundamentals (pp. 145}6) II Industry Optimal Goals (pp. 146}149)
III Optimization by Di!erentiation (pp. 149}151) IV Lagrangian Multipliers (pp. 152}154) V Optimization with Numerical Methods (pp. 154) VI Linear Optimization with Functional Constraints (pp. 155}157) VII Nonlinear Programming (pp. 157}166) VIII Geometric Programming (pp. 157}182 with 26 references) The concept of optimum design is to get the most from an engineering design with the least cost, e!ort or materials. The analysis starting with (A) Criterion Function, then other constraints; (B) Functional Constraints, then (C) Regional constraints This is followed by a further seven Sections II}VIII pp. 146}182 with 26 references pp. 182}3, followed by 9 problems pp. 183}6 Chapter 4 * Reliability with six sections, pp. 187}222, followed by Appendix: A}G pp. 223}270 Introduction pp. 187}189 The introduction gives a brief review of the historical aspects from the early days of 1937, 1945}1950 and world war II up to 1959. This is followed by Sections I}VI pp. 189}222 with 30 references (pp. 218}9), followed by 8 problems (pp. 219}222). W. Steckelmacher 177 Rusper Road, Ixeld Crawley, West Sussex RH11 OHT, UK
PII: S 0 0 4 2 - 2 0 7 X ( 0 1 ) 0 0 1 5 8 - 0
LASER beam shaping: theory and techniques Fred M. Dickey, Scott C. Holswade (Eds.); Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2000, Xi#428p. 8 contributors, 9 chapters, 376 references, #893 equations/drawings/pictures/ tables. Price $175.00 ISBN 0-8247-0398-7 The Introduction also gives an appendix, listing Additional Reading with 50 references. This was published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York; as Vol. 70 of Optical Engineering Series with Founding Editor: Brian J. Thompson, University
Prof. of Optics, Rochester, New York with 10 others on the Editorial Board. They point out that the purpose of this book was to present in one volume the salient aspects of laser beam shaping. The technology involves di!raction theory, geometrical optics, optical design, and beam pro"le measurement methods. After the Introduction, Chapter 2 presents the underlying electro-magnetic theory and mathematical techniques applicable to beam shaping. The di!raction theory approach is applied with geometrical optics: pp. 21}118: with 19 refs. This follows
(13) Discharges in N }O mixtures (21pp., 79 refs., pp. 229}250) (14) Kinetic processes in the ionosphere (16pp., 97 refs., pp. 251}267) (15) Interaction of space vehicles with atmospheric gases (16pp., 101 refs., pp. 269}285)
389
(16) Acoustic shock waves in non-equilibrium gases (10pp., 74 refs., pp. 287}297) Index (pp. 299}300) W. Steckelmacher 177 Rusper Road Ixeld, Crawley, Sussex RHll OHT, UK
PII: S 0 0 4 2 - 2 0 7 X ( 0 0 ) 0 0 4 3 4 - 6
Molecular and supramolecular photochemistry, Vol. 5: solid state and surface photochemisty V. Ramamurthy, Kirk S. Schanze, Marcel Dekker, edited by: Inc, New York, USA, 2000; 328 pp. ISBN: 0-8247-0403-7 As pointed out, the subject of organic photochemistry has grown over a period of four decades from relatively unknown to a well-developed discipline. The science of photochemistry evolved with the development of new technologies based on advanced materials and the ability to study the processes and their analysis. In this volume, six chapters written by experts cover recent developments in photochemistry and photophysics on surfaces and crystals. Five of these deal with the chemistry, whereas the sixth covers Photo-Oxidation in Zeolites. In the "rst chapter, R. Dabestani (from Oak Ridge National laboratory) and Michael E. Sigman review `Spectroscopy and Photochemical Transformations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Silica- and Alumina}Air Interfaces.a They summarize the photochemistry and photophysics of areas on silica surfaces. In the second chapter, K. Takagi and T. Shichi who pioneered the use of clay, provide an exhaustive summary of it for photochemistry and photophysics. With the extensive references and presentation of progress in this area make this
chapter a valuable resource for the use of clay as a reaction medium. In the third chapter, M. Irie, involved in the development of photochromic crystals gives a summary of work in his laboratory on photochromism of diarylethenes in crystalline state. It provides a valuable resource to every photochemist. The last three interrelated chapters deal with the use of zeolite as a reaction medium for photochemical and photophysical phenomena. They provide an in-depth view of electron transfer and charge transfer chemistry within zeolites and are an excellent resource for references. The authors Yoon, Hashimoto, Vasenkov and Frei are pioneers in the use of zeolites as reaction media and made important contributions to photochemistry within zeolites. The long chapter (110pp.) by Yoon deals primarily with charge transfer interactions within zeolites; important for studies of this topic. Hashimoto's chapter on electron transfer process within zeolites complements the chapter by Yoon, focusing on his own, and other laboratories. Finally, Vasenkov and Frei nicely summarize the PhotoOxidation in Zeolites: to oxidize alkanes, alkenes and aromatics.
W. Steckelmacher 177 Rusper Road, Crawley, Ixeld, Sussex RH11 OHT, UK
PII: S 0 0 4 2 - 2 0 7 X ( 0 0 ) 0 0 4 4 4 - 9
Probability applications in Mechanical design: vol. 128 in Mechanical engineering design series Franklin E. Fisher and Joy R. Fisher, Xi#276 p.
Price $135.00, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, ISBN: 0-8247-0260-3 2000
390
Book reviews / Vacuum 62 (2001) 387}391
The book was designed so that it could be used both by practising engineers in industries and colleges by including a listing of examples and problems useful for graduate courses. Thus, Chapter 1 * Data Reduction, pp. 1}37, with six sections provides the data reduction techniques for "tting experimental failure data to a statistical distribution. In this context alone, no normal (Gaussian) and Weibull distributions are considered but the techniques can be expanded to include other distributions also, including nonparametric distributions. Chapter 2 * Application of Probability to Mechanical design, pp. 39}143 with 31 references, with another six sections which is the main part of the book, applies probability and computer analysis to fatigue, design and variations of both. This chapter is arranged into six sections which are as follows: I Probability (pp. 39}42) II Bayes Theorem (pp. 42}44) III Decision Trees (pp. 44}47) IV Variance (pp. 47}56) V Safety Factors and probability of Failure (pp. 56}66) VI Fatigue with 8 sections (pp. 66}144) with 67 references Chapter 3 * Optimum Design (pp. 145}186) has eight sections which are I Fundamentals (pp. 145}6) II Industry Optimal Goals (pp. 146}149)
III Optimization by Di!erentiation (pp. 149}151) IV Lagrangian Multipliers (pp. 152}154) V Optimization with Numerical Methods (pp. 154) VI Linear Optimization with Functional Constraints (pp. 155}157) VII Nonlinear Programming (pp. 157}166) VIII Geometric Programming (pp. 157}182 with 26 references) The concept of optimum design is to get the most from an engineering design with the least cost, e!ort or materials. The analysis starting with (A) Criterion Function, then other constraints; (B) Functional Constraints, then (C) Regional constraints This is followed by a further seven Sections II}VIII pp. 146}182 with 26 references pp. 182}3, followed by 9 problems pp. 183}6 Chapter 4 * Reliability with six sections, pp. 187}222, followed by Appendix: A}G pp. 223}270 Introduction pp. 187}189 The introduction gives a brief review of the historical aspects from the early days of 1937, 1945}1950 and world war II up to 1959. This is followed by Sections I}VI pp. 189}222 with 30 references (pp. 218}9), followed by 8 problems (pp. 219}222). W. Steckelmacher 177 Rusper Road, Ixeld Crawley, West Sussex RH11 OHT, UK
PII: S 0 0 4 2 - 2 0 7 X ( 0 1 ) 0 0 1 5 8 - 0
LASER beam shaping: theory and techniques Fred M. Dickey, Scott C. Holswade (Eds.); Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2000, Xi#428p. 8 contributors, 9 chapters, 376 references, #893 equations/drawings/pictures/ tables. Price $175.00 ISBN 0-8247-0398-7 The Introduction also gives an appendix, listing Additional Reading with 50 references. This was published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York; as Vol. 70 of Optical Engineering Series with Founding Editor: Brian J. Thompson, University
Prof. of Optics, Rochester, New York with 10 others on the Editorial Board. They point out that the purpose of this book was to present in one volume the salient aspects of laser beam shaping. The technology involves di!raction theory, geometrical optics, optical design, and beam pro"le measurement methods. After the Introduction, Chapter 2 presents the underlying electro-magnetic theory and mathematical techniques applicable to beam shaping. The di!raction theory approach is applied with geometrical optics: pp. 21}118: with 19 refs. This follows