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Problems of nonlinear fluid dynamics in industrial plants
02 Liquid fuels (transport, refining, quality, storage) 02lOO186 Method and apparatus for conversion of heavy oils to liquid fuels for power generation equipment Ota, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 109,850 (Cl. ClOG9/ 06), 18 Apr 2000, Appl. 1998/284,887, 7 Ott 1998. 8. (In Japanese) The title method comprises decomposing heavy oil with water and alkali in a supercritical reactor maintaining the supercritical state of water to form light oil, hydrocarbon-series gas, metal oxide, alkali salts and supercritical water, extracting the decomposition product by maintaining the subcritical state of water or a temperature and pressure below that to extract the hydrocarbon-series gas, light oil and water, separating the extracts to a hydrocarbon gas, light oil and water by gas-liquid separation, and separating the light oil and water by an oil-water separator. 02/00187 Method and catalysts for petroleum treatment lnomata, M. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 96,069 (Cl. ClOG45/08), 4 Apr 2000, Appl. 1998/271,165, 15 Sep 1998. 8. (In Japanese) A method for treatment of petroleum distillates comprises desulphurizing the combination of gas oil and distillate oil having lower boiling point than the gas oil separated from atmospheric distillation of crude oil under the conditions of reaction temperature 320-380”, H partial pressure 25-60 atm, and Hz/Oil ratio 601140 Nm”/kL. The treatment catalyst comprising 21 supports selected from alumina, silica-alumina, silica, and zeolites and metals loaded on the support is characterized in that the acid strength is cl25 kJ/mol, and acidity of acid point having acid strength ~85 kJ/mol is <0.37 mmohg. 02/00188 Molasses/oil coal treatment fluid and method Rahm, R. L. er al. U.S. US 6,086,647 (Cl. 44-620; ClOL5/04), I1 Jul 2000, Appl. 235,542, 29 Apr 1994. 10. A composition and method for applying to a coal product for dust suppression, water repellency, and spontaneous combustion potential reduction. The composition includes molasses and a hydrocarbonbased solution, such as an oil-containing solution. The oil-containing solution is substantially free of water and may comprise ~20% asphalt. Both the molasses and the oil-containing solution may comprise at least ~40% of the total composition by weight. The method of applying the composition includes reducing a moisture content of a plurality of pieces of coal, cooling the plurality of pieces of coal after said reducing step and treating the plurality of pieces of coal after the reducing step, with a composition comprising an oil and molasses. 02/00189 Online flash point analyzer for refinery applications Cardis, T.M. Proc. Annu. ISA Anal. Div. Symp., 2000, 33, 139-148. The measurement of Flash Point is an important safety parameter for refinery products. Online Refinery analysers are designed to correlate with ASTM laboratory methods. The purpose of this paper is to present an online method for the measurement of flash point of refinery products such as diesel, kerosene and fuel oil. The analyser used for the online flash point measurement is the ABB Analysis Model 4214 Flash Point Analyser. An important feature of the online analyser is the ability to adjust the heating rate of the sample to give agreement with the ASTM laboratory methods. The progress of the Flash Point Analyser analysis cycle can be observed on the LCD screen of the analyser. Other important design features are reliability and up time. Auto-validation with a standard sample ensures the reliability of the Flash Point Analyser. A maintenance concern for the operation of online Flash Point Analysers is the build up of coke on the sparking electrode. An anti-coking device is used in the flash point analyser to minimize coking problems and reduce maintenance requirements. 02/00190 Performance evaluation of heavy residual oils in the 500 MW IGCC plant Lee, S. et al. Hwahak Konghak, 1999, 37, (5), 775-781. (In Korean) As a way to evaluate the performance of the IGCC process with fuels from petroleum refineries, heating values of the raw gas as well as the plant efficiency were simulated by employing the static process simulation technique. Fuels chosen were visbreaker residue, butane asphalt and an asphalt from one Korean refinery. In order to verify the simulation technique, simulated results of a visbreaker residue were compared first with the actual demonstration plant data published from Shell Co. and then the simulation technique was applied to the cases of other fuels, butane asphalt and a Korean refinery asphalt. At the gasifier temperature of 13 OOO”,simulation results showed that the heating value of raw gas produced from residual oils was in the range of 2750-2800 kcal/m3 with the plant efficiency over 43%. The results exhibit the technical and economical viability of using heavy residual oils from petroleum refineries as successful fuels in IGCC power plants. 02/00191 Predictive heat model for Australian oil shale drying and retorting Berkovich, A.J. er al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Reg., 2000, 39, (7), 2592-2600. 20
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2002
The exploitation of Australia’s oil shale reserves has been the subject of much research over several decades. The extraction of oil from shale is usually a thermal process and therefore oil shale processing is dominated by heat-transfer and thermal reactions. To fully develop any oil shale processing technology, knowledge of an oil shale’s thermodynamic properties is desirable. This paper presents a novel approach for the determination of an oil shale’s thermodynamic properties and subsequent development of a predictive heat model. This approach involves experimental determination of the thermodynamic properties of an oil shale’s individual components, in particular, the unique kerogen and clay minerals in Australian oil shale. The experimental data was then used to develop a predictive heat model for Australian oil shale based upon its kerogen and mineral, composition, and concentrations. The predictive heat model allows investigation of heat capacity, enthalpy, and total enthalpy for Australian oil shale during the process temperatures of drying and retorting. 02/00192 Problems of nonlinear fluid dynamics in industrial plants Terenzi. A. et al. Comvlex Flows Ind. Processes. 2000, 63-124. Edited by Fasano A. 1 Pipeline transportation of complex fluids generally involves an analysis of non-linear fluid dynamic phenomena, especially during transient phases. Snamprogettc has developed some models for predictions of pipeline flow characteristics relevant to both non-Newtonian solidliquid suspensions and compressible fluid transport. This chapter is divided into two parts. CWS (coal water slurry) Pipeline Flow: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Conditions, describing the properties of coal-water slurries considered both in their homogeneous flow conditions (transient motion influenced by complex rheology behaviour) and with respect to prediction of unstable flow caused by settling processes. Transient Compressible Flow at High Mach Numbers: A Conservative Method for Pipeline Flow, describing the development of a code for simulation of transient phenomena associated with gas pipeline flow at high Mach numbers. 02/00193 Procedure for the separation of sulfur-free components from a motor fuel on board a motor vehicle Holder, E. ef al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,845,396 (Cl. ClOG7/06), 13 Apr 2000, Appl. 19,845,396, 2 Ott 1998. 6. (In German) Sulphur-free components are removed from motor fuel (e.g. gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosine, or methanol) on board a motor vehicle by vacuum evaporation using a membrane pump. The method prevents poisoning of the catalytic converter. 02/00194 Process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from city garbage and/or organic waste materials Xine. L. PCT lnt. Aool. WO 00 18,852 (Cl. ClOGl/lO). 6 Aor 2000, Ap$. 1998/CN202,, 24’Sep 1998. 20. (In ‘Chinese) ’ The present inventton relates to a process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from city garbage and/or organic waste materials, particularly a process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from city garbage and/or organic waste material by thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. 02/00195 Process and installation for preparation of oxidized bitumens Vladea, R.V. er al. Rom. RO 108,575 (Cl. ClOC3/04), 30 Jun 1994, Appl. 9,301,420, 22 Ott 1993. 8. (In Romania) Oxidized bitumen is prepared from petroleum or coal processing residues containing minimum 5-S% asphaltenes and ignition temperature >295” by oxidizing with oxygen, air or a gas containing 20-150 L/ kg oxygen. The oxidation process takes place at 250-285” by bubbling the oxygen-containing gases through the molten residues. The oxidation promoters are selected from aluminium and iron chlorides, carbonates and/or sulphates of iron, zinc, copper and antimony, metallic sodium, silica gel impregnated with phosphoric acid or bismuth phosphomolybdate, oxides, sulphides or carbides of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and titanium. The oxidation equipment consists of column-type reactors, heating devices and various accessories for oxidative gas inlet and outlets as well as other structural systems supporting the oxidation process of the petroleum or carbon processing residues. 02/00196 Process for the desulfurization of a hvdrocarbon stream Hansen, J.-H.B. et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 1,002,779 (Cl. CO7C7/163), 24 May 2000, US Appl. PV 108,977, 18 Nov 1998. 7. A process for the desulphurization of a hydrocarbon stream being further steam reformed comprises: (a) splitting a stream from the steam-reformed hydrocarbon, thus containing hydrogen; (b) optionally reducing the amount of water from the hydrogen-containing split stream; (c) reinjecting the hydrogen-containing split stream, optionally reduced in water in process step (b), to an ejector driven by the
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2002
The exploitation of Australia’s oil shale reserves has been the subject of much research over several decades. The extraction of oil from shale is usually a thermal process and therefore oil shale processing is dominated by heat-transfer and thermal reactions. To fully develop any oil shale processing technology, knowledge of an oil shale’s thermodynamic properties is desirable. This paper presents a novel approach for the determination of an oil shale’s thermodynamic properties and subsequent development of a predictive heat model. This approach involves experimental determination of the thermodynamic properties of an oil shale’s individual components, in particular, the unique kerogen and clay minerals in Australian oil shale. The experimental data was then used to develop a predictive heat model for Australian oil shale based upon its kerogen and mineral, composition, and concentrations. The predictive heat model allows investigation of heat capacity, enthalpy, and total enthalpy for Australian oil shale during the process temperatures of drying and retorting. 02/00192 Problems of nonlinear fluid dynamics in industrial plants Terenzi. A. et al. Comvlex Flows Ind. Processes. 2000, 63-124. Edited by Fasano A. 1 Pipeline transportation of complex fluids generally involves an analysis of non-linear fluid dynamic phenomena, especially during transient phases. Snamprogettc has developed some models for predictions of pipeline flow characteristics relevant to both non-Newtonian solidliquid suspensions and compressible fluid transport. This chapter is divided into two parts. CWS (coal water slurry) Pipeline Flow: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Conditions, describing the properties of coal-water slurries considered both in their homogeneous flow conditions (transient motion influenced by complex rheology behaviour) and with respect to prediction of unstable flow caused by settling processes. Transient Compressible Flow at High Mach Numbers: A Conservative Method for Pipeline Flow, describing the development of a code for simulation of transient phenomena associated with gas pipeline flow at high Mach numbers. 02/00193 Procedure for the separation of sulfur-free components from a motor fuel on board a motor vehicle Holder, E. ef al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,845,396 (Cl. ClOG7/06), 13 Apr 2000, Appl. 19,845,396, 2 Ott 1998. 6. (In German) Sulphur-free components are removed from motor fuel (e.g. gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosine, or methanol) on board a motor vehicle by vacuum evaporation using a membrane pump. The method prevents poisoning of the catalytic converter. 02/00194 Process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from city garbage and/or organic waste materials Xine. L. PCT lnt. Aool. WO 00 18,852 (Cl. ClOGl/lO). 6 Aor 2000, Ap$. 1998/CN202,, 24’Sep 1998. 20. (In ‘Chinese) ’ The present inventton relates to a process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from city garbage and/or organic waste materials, particularly a process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from city garbage and/or organic waste material by thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. 02/00195 Process and installation for preparation of oxidized bitumens Vladea, R.V. er al. Rom. RO 108,575 (Cl. ClOC3/04), 30 Jun 1994, Appl. 9,301,420, 22 Ott 1993. 8. (In Romania) Oxidized bitumen is prepared from petroleum or coal processing residues containing minimum 5-S% asphaltenes and ignition temperature >295” by oxidizing with oxygen, air or a gas containing 20-150 L/ kg oxygen. The oxidation process takes place at 250-285” by bubbling the oxygen-containing gases through the molten residues. The oxidation promoters are selected from aluminium and iron chlorides, carbonates and/or sulphates of iron, zinc, copper and antimony, metallic sodium, silica gel impregnated with phosphoric acid or bismuth phosphomolybdate, oxides, sulphides or carbides of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and titanium. The oxidation equipment consists of column-type reactors, heating devices and various accessories for oxidative gas inlet and outlets as well as other structural systems supporting the oxidation process of the petroleum or carbon processing residues. 02/00196 Process for the desulfurization of a hvdrocarbon stream Hansen, J.-H.B. et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 1,002,779 (Cl. CO7C7/163), 24 May 2000, US Appl. PV 108,977, 18 Nov 1998. 7. A process for the desulphurization of a hydrocarbon stream being further steam reformed comprises: (a) splitting a stream from the steam-reformed hydrocarbon, thus containing hydrogen; (b) optionally reducing the amount of water from the hydrogen-containing split stream; (c) reinjecting the hydrogen-containing split stream, optionally reduced in water in process step (b), to an ejector driven by the