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Procedure for improving cold flow properties of fuel oils
02 Liquid fuels (sources, properties, recovery) 00100085 Drilling fluid s stem containing a combination of hydrophilic carbon blat d asphaltite and a refined fish oil/ gfycoi mbcture and related methods Rayborn, J. J. S. U.S. US 5942,467 (Cl. 507-106; C09K7/00), 24 Aug 1999, Appl. 986,668, 8 Dee 1997. 9. The invention under discussion is a drilling fluid system that combines a carbon black/asphaitite/Iignite mixture with a fish oil/ glycol mixture. This paper also describes another method for manufacturing a drilling fluid system that could be utilized with pre-existing water based muds during drilling and excavating applications.
00/00088
Ethanol production from renewable resources
Gong, C. S. et al. Adv. Biochem. Eng. 1 Biotechnol., 1999, 65, 207-241. Renewable biomass is available in vast quantities and it is ideal for converting to ethanol liquid fuel. To convert biomass to ethanol, it is essential of efficiently use both cellulose-derived and hemicellulosederived carbohvdrates. For this nuroose. six-carbon suears are readilv used. On the other hand, it is’ more difficult to coivert pentosei. Several metabolic factors limit the efficient utilization of pentoses (xylose and arabinose). Recent developments in the improvement of microbial cultures provide the versatility of conversion of both hexoses and pentoses to ethanol more efficiently. In addition, novel bioprocess technologies offer a promising prospective for efficiently converting biomass and recovering ethanol.
00/00087
Gasoline additives - status and development
Arnold, W. Per. Coal, 1999, 41, (1) 20-25. The development of gasoline additives such as polyisobutene detergents by BASF are reviewed in this paper.
amine
W/W088 Hydrocarbon-generation macerals of Paleogene source rocks in Jianghan Basin, China Ma, A. er al. Jianghan Shiyou Xueyuan Xuebao, 1999, 21, (2), 16-20. (In Chinese) Hydrocarbon-generation macerals of Paleogene source rocks in Jianghan Basin were studied. A full-scale analysis of organic petroleum from samples of paleogene source rocks demonstrated that low-mature oil in Jianghan basin was from Qianjiang formation and Xingouzui formation. The maceral content of both formations was O&8.3% by volume. The macerals were rich in vitrinite, sapropelite and exinite, but were lacking in inertinite, with mixture inputs of lower aquatic algae and terrestrial higher plants. Alginite was shown to be the main hydrocarbon-generating maceral component for low-mature oil in the Jianghan Basin. The content of organic matter hidden in mineralbituminite groundmass was more than one half of the total organic matter and deserved a more detailed investigation.
Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of polypropylene, oil shale, and their mixture
W/W089
Gersten, J. et al. Fuel, 2000, 79, (13), 167991686. The thermal decomposition behaviour of polypropylene, oil shale and a 1:3 mixture of the two was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) reaction system in an argon atmosphere, with a view to comparing the process of the mixture with those of the individual components. Experiments were conducted at three heating rates of 5, ranee of 30-900°C. The 10. and 15 K min-‘. in the temoerature obtained activation energies were 250 kJ kg-’ fo;polpropylene, 63 kJ kg-’ for the oil shale organic matter, and 242 kJ kg- for the mixture. The results indicate that the characteristics of the-process depend on the heating rate and that polypropylene acts as a catalyst in the degradation of oil shale in the mixture.
The aim behind this project was to develop a prototype system for transforming biomass residues into methanol. The capacity of the bench-scale pilot plant was 50 lb/h of biomass to methanol, with an economical scale-up objective of 2000 ton/day system. This project also provided development and demonstration of a hot gas filtration system, minimization of slagging and fouling, alkali metal removal techniques and technologies for biomass feeding.
Motor fuel for diesel engines suitable for operation with difficultly combustible fuels 00100092
Wolf, G. Ger. Offen. DE 19,904,194 (Cl. ClOLl/lO), 5 Aug 1999, DE Appl. 29,801,741, 3 Feb 1998. 2. (In German) The substitute for diesel fuel contains water, vegetable oil or waste fat and an emulsifier or solvent to form an homogeneous liquid. If desired, the fuel can also contains a conventional corrosion inhibitor, cetane number improver and freeze-protecting agent. 00/00093 Nature of oil shales of the dilijanskii deposit Mandalyan, R. A. and Saakyan, A. S. Dokl. Nais. Akad. Nauk Arm., 1997, 97, (1 ), 58-62. (In Russian) Oil shales of the dilijanskii deposit fall into the sapropelic-humic argillaceous and siltstone argillaceous category. They undervent secondary transformations associated primarily with dislocation metamorphism. OOiOOO94 Petroleum and the environment Infante, C. ef al. Vision Technol., 1999, 99-104. (In Spanish) Outlined in this report are the environmental policies, and engineering innovations that have been implemented in order to minimize the environmental impact of the petroleum industry in Venezuela. Within this context, Intevep, the research and technology support centre of Petroleos de Venezuela, has the function of developing technologies to obtain cleaner products (Greenoil), waste treatment (Intebios) and efforts of reclaiming soils impacted by oil spills. Also included are processes for disposal and treatment of organic wastes generated by the activities of the oil industry in Venezuela.
Petroleum supersystems in Queensland: a key to undiscovered petroleum resources
00100095
Draper, J. J. QGMEJ, 2000, 101, (1184), 42-47. The petroleum system concept has been widely adopted by industry as a tool for assessing potential in both well explored and poorly explored basins. Petroleum systems are based generally on the spatial and temporal relationship between source rocks and petroleum accumulations. The concept of the petroleum system has been around since 1974. 00/00098 Procedure for improving cold flow properties of fuel oils Krull, M. and Reimann, W. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 931,825 (Cl. ClOL1/18), 28 Jul 1999, DE Appl. 19,802,689, 24 Jan 1998. 11. (In German) The flow improving additive contains (A) 15-50 wt% copolymer containing (i) 87-92 mol% structure units derived from ethylene, (ii) 6.5-12 mol% structure units formed from vinyl acetate, and (iii) 0.5-6 mol% structure units derived from 4-methyl:l-pentene with‘the total molecular nortion (ii) + (iii) 8-14 mol% and (B) 50-85 wt% couolvmer or terpolynter from ‘vinyl esters, ethylene or acrylic acid est&s.‘The fuels that the additive is suitable for are; diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene and fuel oil.
The role of asphaltenes, resins and other solids in the stabilization of water in oil emulsions and its effects on oil production in Saudi oil fields 00100097
OQQy90
Liquefaction studies of some Indonesian low rank
Artanto, Y. et al. Fuel, 2000, 79, (11) 1333-1340. One sub-bituminous and five brown coals from South Banko and Kalimantan, Indonesia have been evaluated under a range of liquefaction conditions for the provision of liquid fuels. The coals were reacted with hydrogen using various catalysis in the presence and absence of a donor solvent, both with and without added sulfurcontaining compounds. In addition, the coals have been reacted with CO/I&O in the oresence and absence of an added alkali catalvst. sodium aluminatd. The results confirm the effectiveness of Ni/Md in the absence of added S and MO in the presence of S, as catalysts for solvent-free hydrogenation of low rank coals. The most interesting finding for the CO/Hz0 reactions was that Tanito Harum, a subbituminous coal, gave as high a conversion as any of the low rank coals.
W/W091 Methanol production from biomass using the Hynol process Sethi, P. et al. Biomass, Proc. Biomass Conf. Am., 4th, 1999, 1, 833-836. Edited by Overend R.P., Chornet E.
10
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
Ali, M. F. and Alqam, M. H. Fuel, 2000, 79, (I l), 1309-l 316. The factors contributing to the stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions is a problem of great concern and economic importance to the oil companies in the production of oil from underground reservoirs. This paper reports the results of a laboratory investigation into various factors affecting the stability of w/o emulsions in some crude oil samples obtained from well heads of different oil fields in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A pressure sampling technique was used to collect the uustream samoles from well heads. The emulsion samoles were colle&d both from’problem (tight emulsions) and non-prodlem (loose emulsions) wells. Solids present in the produced fluids were separated by successive toluene dilution and were analysed for their composition using various methods such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. These data indicate that these solids consist of calcite, wax, asphaltene and resins. The oily parts of the samples were separated into asphaltenes, resins and maltenes. The asphaltene fraction is found to play a important role in the stabilization of w/o emulsions. Asphaltene adsorbs on mineral and wax particles, thus contributing significantly to emulsion stability.
00/00088
Ethanol production from renewable resources
Gong, C. S. et al. Adv. Biochem. Eng. 1 Biotechnol., 1999, 65, 207-241. Renewable biomass is available in vast quantities and it is ideal for converting to ethanol liquid fuel. To convert biomass to ethanol, it is essential of efficiently use both cellulose-derived and hemicellulosederived carbohvdrates. For this nuroose. six-carbon suears are readilv used. On the other hand, it is’ more difficult to coivert pentosei. Several metabolic factors limit the efficient utilization of pentoses (xylose and arabinose). Recent developments in the improvement of microbial cultures provide the versatility of conversion of both hexoses and pentoses to ethanol more efficiently. In addition, novel bioprocess technologies offer a promising prospective for efficiently converting biomass and recovering ethanol.
00/00087
Gasoline additives - status and development
Arnold, W. Per. Coal, 1999, 41, (1) 20-25. The development of gasoline additives such as polyisobutene detergents by BASF are reviewed in this paper.
amine
W/W088 Hydrocarbon-generation macerals of Paleogene source rocks in Jianghan Basin, China Ma, A. er al. Jianghan Shiyou Xueyuan Xuebao, 1999, 21, (2), 16-20. (In Chinese) Hydrocarbon-generation macerals of Paleogene source rocks in Jianghan Basin were studied. A full-scale analysis of organic petroleum from samples of paleogene source rocks demonstrated that low-mature oil in Jianghan basin was from Qianjiang formation and Xingouzui formation. The maceral content of both formations was O&8.3% by volume. The macerals were rich in vitrinite, sapropelite and exinite, but were lacking in inertinite, with mixture inputs of lower aquatic algae and terrestrial higher plants. Alginite was shown to be the main hydrocarbon-generating maceral component for low-mature oil in the Jianghan Basin. The content of organic matter hidden in mineralbituminite groundmass was more than one half of the total organic matter and deserved a more detailed investigation.
Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of polypropylene, oil shale, and their mixture
W/W089
Gersten, J. et al. Fuel, 2000, 79, (13), 167991686. The thermal decomposition behaviour of polypropylene, oil shale and a 1:3 mixture of the two was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) reaction system in an argon atmosphere, with a view to comparing the process of the mixture with those of the individual components. Experiments were conducted at three heating rates of 5, ranee of 30-900°C. The 10. and 15 K min-‘. in the temoerature obtained activation energies were 250 kJ kg-’ fo;polpropylene, 63 kJ kg-’ for the oil shale organic matter, and 242 kJ kg- for the mixture. The results indicate that the characteristics of the-process depend on the heating rate and that polypropylene acts as a catalyst in the degradation of oil shale in the mixture.
The aim behind this project was to develop a prototype system for transforming biomass residues into methanol. The capacity of the bench-scale pilot plant was 50 lb/h of biomass to methanol, with an economical scale-up objective of 2000 ton/day system. This project also provided development and demonstration of a hot gas filtration system, minimization of slagging and fouling, alkali metal removal techniques and technologies for biomass feeding.
Motor fuel for diesel engines suitable for operation with difficultly combustible fuels 00100092
Wolf, G. Ger. Offen. DE 19,904,194 (Cl. ClOLl/lO), 5 Aug 1999, DE Appl. 29,801,741, 3 Feb 1998. 2. (In German) The substitute for diesel fuel contains water, vegetable oil or waste fat and an emulsifier or solvent to form an homogeneous liquid. If desired, the fuel can also contains a conventional corrosion inhibitor, cetane number improver and freeze-protecting agent. 00/00093 Nature of oil shales of the dilijanskii deposit Mandalyan, R. A. and Saakyan, A. S. Dokl. Nais. Akad. Nauk Arm., 1997, 97, (1 ), 58-62. (In Russian) Oil shales of the dilijanskii deposit fall into the sapropelic-humic argillaceous and siltstone argillaceous category. They undervent secondary transformations associated primarily with dislocation metamorphism. OOiOOO94 Petroleum and the environment Infante, C. ef al. Vision Technol., 1999, 99-104. (In Spanish) Outlined in this report are the environmental policies, and engineering innovations that have been implemented in order to minimize the environmental impact of the petroleum industry in Venezuela. Within this context, Intevep, the research and technology support centre of Petroleos de Venezuela, has the function of developing technologies to obtain cleaner products (Greenoil), waste treatment (Intebios) and efforts of reclaiming soils impacted by oil spills. Also included are processes for disposal and treatment of organic wastes generated by the activities of the oil industry in Venezuela.
Petroleum supersystems in Queensland: a key to undiscovered petroleum resources
00100095
Draper, J. J. QGMEJ, 2000, 101, (1184), 42-47. The petroleum system concept has been widely adopted by industry as a tool for assessing potential in both well explored and poorly explored basins. Petroleum systems are based generally on the spatial and temporal relationship between source rocks and petroleum accumulations. The concept of the petroleum system has been around since 1974. 00/00098 Procedure for improving cold flow properties of fuel oils Krull, M. and Reimann, W. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 931,825 (Cl. ClOL1/18), 28 Jul 1999, DE Appl. 19,802,689, 24 Jan 1998. 11. (In German) The flow improving additive contains (A) 15-50 wt% copolymer containing (i) 87-92 mol% structure units derived from ethylene, (ii) 6.5-12 mol% structure units formed from vinyl acetate, and (iii) 0.5-6 mol% structure units derived from 4-methyl:l-pentene with‘the total molecular nortion (ii) + (iii) 8-14 mol% and (B) 50-85 wt% couolvmer or terpolynter from ‘vinyl esters, ethylene or acrylic acid est&s.‘The fuels that the additive is suitable for are; diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene and fuel oil.
The role of asphaltenes, resins and other solids in the stabilization of water in oil emulsions and its effects on oil production in Saudi oil fields 00100097
OQQy90
Liquefaction studies of some Indonesian low rank
Artanto, Y. et al. Fuel, 2000, 79, (11) 1333-1340. One sub-bituminous and five brown coals from South Banko and Kalimantan, Indonesia have been evaluated under a range of liquefaction conditions for the provision of liquid fuels. The coals were reacted with hydrogen using various catalysis in the presence and absence of a donor solvent, both with and without added sulfurcontaining compounds. In addition, the coals have been reacted with CO/I&O in the oresence and absence of an added alkali catalvst. sodium aluminatd. The results confirm the effectiveness of Ni/Md in the absence of added S and MO in the presence of S, as catalysts for solvent-free hydrogenation of low rank coals. The most interesting finding for the CO/Hz0 reactions was that Tanito Harum, a subbituminous coal, gave as high a conversion as any of the low rank coals.
W/W091 Methanol production from biomass using the Hynol process Sethi, P. et al. Biomass, Proc. Biomass Conf. Am., 4th, 1999, 1, 833-836. Edited by Overend R.P., Chornet E.
10
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 2001
Ali, M. F. and Alqam, M. H. Fuel, 2000, 79, (I l), 1309-l 316. The factors contributing to the stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions is a problem of great concern and economic importance to the oil companies in the production of oil from underground reservoirs. This paper reports the results of a laboratory investigation into various factors affecting the stability of w/o emulsions in some crude oil samples obtained from well heads of different oil fields in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A pressure sampling technique was used to collect the uustream samoles from well heads. The emulsion samoles were colle&d both from’problem (tight emulsions) and non-prodlem (loose emulsions) wells. Solids present in the produced fluids were separated by successive toluene dilution and were analysed for their composition using various methods such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. These data indicate that these solids consist of calcite, wax, asphaltene and resins. The oily parts of the samples were separated into asphaltenes, resins and maltenes. The asphaltene fraction is found to play a important role in the stabilization of w/o emulsions. Asphaltene adsorbs on mineral and wax particles, thus contributing significantly to emulsion stability.