- Email: [email protected]
Proper motions of Hipparcos stars in two plate areas
CHINESE ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS ChineseAstronomy
PERGAMON
Proper
and Astrophysics
motions
24 (2000)
257-264
of Hipparcos
in two plate areas WANG Shanghai National
Shu-he
Observatory,
Astronomical
Abstract reduced
Chinese
Zheng-hong Academy
Observatories,
Chinese
Using the ACT reference 31 exposures
on 15 plates
of our Observatory. procedure stars,
TANG
Using
including
right ascension
16 Hipparcos
stars.
JIN Wen-jing
of Sciences, Academy
catalogue
Shanghai
of Sciences,
as preliminary
overlapping
high-precision
and declination,
* 200030 Beijing
reference
technique
positions
For the latter,
refractor
and an iterative
and proper
motions
the mean standard
are 0.70 and 0.59mas/yr
100012
we have
in two areas taken with the 40-cm
the central
we have derived
t
stars
in proper
for 54
errors.
motion,
in and
10.5 and 7.5 mas in position. Key
words:
astrometry-proper
motion-Hipparcos
stars
1. INTRODUCTION The successful achievement system
completion
composed
only spanned magnitudes enough, density
of the HIPPARCOS
in astrometry. mainly
The
of stars brighter
a little over 3 years. fainter
than
or the precision
Celestial
Reference
System
(ICRS)
(WGRF);
optics,
ties with previous
and proper t o replace
and relation
by National
Natural
in reference
0275-1062/00/$
- see front matter
SO275-1062(00)00050-3
Earth
magnitude Group
Working
Rotation
4, pp. 351-359,
2000 Elsevier Science B.
V.
or the star of Reference
densification
system,
computational
Service
(IERS).
to three specific problems Chinese Academy
is not faint
of International
Group
of the ICRS,
observation with limiting
is not high enough,
a Working
and extension
Science Foundation,
@
motions
link to the dynamical
Scaling-the-Heights Program Received 1998-09-07; revised version 1998-12-10 * A translation of Acla Astton. Sin. Vol. 40, No.
PII:
catalogues
the limiting
the original
with the International
is only a reference
9, and the satellite’s
to available
IAU has established
and new catalogues,
have been hot points of research t Supported
either
it has 6 tasks12~31: maintenance
Frame
consequences,
The
common
12 is this:
of positions
in the 1990s marked a revolutionary
catalogue 111, however,
than magnitude
The problem
magnitude
is not high enough.
Program
HIPPARCOS
These
of the HIPPARCOS
of Sciences and National
1999
All rights reserved.
in
258
WANG
catalogue,
Shu-he
namely,
et al. / Chinese
improving
for a long time, extending the extragalactic
reference
The Shanghai
the precision
magnitudes
system
to approximate
astronomical
Observatory
Since 1901, the 40-cm refractor
(f=6895
has made observations;
10 thousand
photographs 4000
plates
to 764 different
in stock,
sky areas.
contribution is part
HIPPARCOS
Catalogue
with She-Shan
and high precision
of Shanghai
plate
10,000
external
centers
galaxies,
There
and belong stars,
so,
will be a valuable
catalogue.
“Maintenance
some
(2.5’ x2’).
HIPPARCOS
of the HIPPARCOS
program
Astronomical
it has accumulated
have known
are about
system.
astrometry.
This paper
and Extension
of the
Plates”.
Catalogue
sky areas taken with the 40-cm
Station a century,
those including
of our long research
Using ACT151 Reference technique,
there
and extension
the system
and linking to
of photographic
plate size is 30 cm x 24cm of these
areas,
especially
to the maintenance
of the results
mm) at She-Shan
and 3435
so as to maintain
more closely with a quasi-initial
now, after nearly
In these
making full use of these plates,
motions
257.264
to include more faint objects
has a long history
on plates 141. The
24 (2000)
and Astrophysics
of proper
to fainter
Observatory are about
Astronomy
as a preliminary
refractor
positions
were reduced and proper
reference
catalogue,
plates
by means of the central
motions
of HIPPARCOS
of two
overlapping
stars and field
stars in the two areas obtained.
ACT
2.
The U.S. Naval Observatory in 1997.9,
its positions
(AC 2000)
and Tycho
The
Tycho
stars), covering motions
brighter
is better
Another
the compilation
than
stars,
its astrometric
mag 9).
25 stars
The ACT
per square
System
Reference
degree.
contains
of this paper is to check the precision
(for all
988,758
The positions
and 2.2 mas/yr for proper motion.
satellite.
is 25ma.s
for epoch J2000.0,
catalogues
Catalog Catalogue
of HIPPARCOS precision
catalogue
(52000.0)
than those often used as reference
purpose
of the ACT
of the Astrographic
the later is part of the results 1,058,322
sky, with about
is 22.5 mas for position,
catalogue
CATALOGUE
from new reductions
of ACT are on the HIPPARCOS
precision ACRS.
contains
(for those
the entire
has completed
are combined catalogue,
catalogue
7mas
REFERENCE
stars
and proper and the mean
It seems that the ACT
such as AGK3,
PPM
and
of the ACT with actual
data
reduction.
3. OBSERVATIONAL The photographic
plates used in this paper are listed in Table
as one observation. densitometer is better
than
DATA
All the plates
of Purple lpm.
Mountain
For detailed
were digitally
Observatory, description
measured
1. Each exposure
is regarded
with the PDS-1OlOMS
and the precision of the measurement
micro-
of star image measurement we refer to the references
[7-91.
4. CHOOSING Considering
that
the stars
MODEL
are distributed
OF PLATE in quite
CONSTANTS
a large field (2Ox1.5’)
and that
their
WANG
magnitudes parameter
Shu-he
range model
Cij
=
et al. / Chinese
from 7.8 to 12.5,
aijxij
+
a2jYij
+
+
QjXijyij
model
to be the better +
a6jY:j
+
259
and the 20-
one.
aTjXij(Xfj +
yfj)
+ CLlojCi
hjxij + b2jYij + b3j + b4jXfj+ b5j xijyij
=
24 fZOO0) 257-264
a 14parameter
and found the latter
a3j + a4jXtj
a9jmiXij
+
and Astrophysics
we first used both
(eqn. (1)) as tests,
+asj%
Tij
Astronomy
+ bgjy~j + bTjxij( xF~ +
$j )
+bsjmi + bgjmixij + blojci here,
are the standard
and yij are the corresponding constants, ACT
m is the B magnitude,
catalogue,
standard
coordinates
measured
of the i-th
coordinates,
and c(=
exposure,
xcij
data and standardized
to the Johnson
system.
In this preliminary image is computed
in the j-th
blj_..bloj are the 20 plate
B - V) is the color index, both are taken from the
and are derived from HIPPARCOS
photometry
star
aij...oiej,
treatment
as well in the following
reduction,
the weight of the star
as in Ref. [lo].
Table 1
Observational
Observational Date
Material
NO.
Plate No.
Exposure (min)
Observer
1
G56063
1956-11-25
60
ZHAI Shu-wen
2
G57037
1957-11-17
60
ZHANG Xia-shun
3
G57047
1957-12-15
60
ZHAI Shu-wen CHU Zong-yuan
4
RS85060
1985-12-15
70
5
MS5063
1985-12-16
75
CHU Zong-yuan
6
RS85069
1985-12-19
15, 15, 15
CHU Zong-yuan
7
RS86003
1986-01-04
15, 15, 15
XU Tong-qi
8
RS86009
1986-01-05
15, 15, 15
XU Tong-qi
9
RS86019
1986-01-07
15, 15, 15
CHU Zong-yuan
1
G58020
1958-05-26
20
HU Kun-lin
2
G64064
1964-08-07
15
GUO Qi-wei
3
G85007
198546-19
5, 5, 5
CHU Zong-yuan
4
G85019
1985-08-l 5
5, 5, 5
CHU Zong-yuan
5
G85022
1985-08-06
5, 5, 5
CHU Zong-yuan
6
G85025
1985-08-09
7, 7, 7
CHU Zong-yuan
5. REDUCTION In this paper,
the ACT
and the central the relevant
equations
The standard nate system.
Reference
overlapping
The positions
system
reference
procedure
used in the reduction
of the preliminary
by adding
frame of the plate to be referred preliminary
was used as a preliminary
and an iterative
reference
catalogue,
were used in the reduction,
are the same as in Ref. [lo].
coordinate
to the plate epoch,
Catalogue
technique
the correction
reference
stars were also corrected
mean equator
stars were transferred
for the proper
to in the first round.
is J2000.0 motion,
to obtain
from J2000.0 the standard
At the same time, the positions
for their proper motions
coordi-
between
of the
32000.0
260
WANG
Table
2
Shu-he
Results
et al. / Chinese
of Reduction
Astmnomy
and Astrophysics
of 16 HIPPARCOS
Stars
24 (2000)
and 38 Field
257~264
Stars
(ACT
Star)
in Two Areas (I
NO. h m
0.
s
.
6
I
”
08
f%
0,
“/yr 44
pa “/yr
aa
T.x
Tdr
1900 +
1900 +
89.08
89.13 86.89
1 2
15216 15437
3 16 08.50313
52
+ 41 51 36.8842
42
-0.00253
3 18 57.15936
67
+41
11 10.8369
69
3 4
15494 15496
3 19 39.22016 3 19 41.14401
180 68
+40 +42
58 42.6276 10 33.8959
95 61
- 0.00376 0.00734
55 129
-0.01553 -0.00511 -0.01257
32 43 52
0.02053
45
-0.00737
33
88.20 88.86
5
15544
3 20 17.28997
38
+41
53 49.9567
55
0.01365
38
-0.01485
46
90.77
86.61 90.16
6 7
15731 15791
3 22 39.73493
65
+41
55 34.5989
43
0.02441
69
-0.03857
35
90.75
90.01
3 23 30.59719
58
+ 41 12 24.9448
74
0.01196
61
-0.02664
64
90.91
90.34
8
15831
3 23 55.55156
68
+41
20 13.3548
78
-0.00175
73
-0.00155
71
90.95
9 10
1431966 1431967
3 15 59.81386 3 15 59.88190
113 173
+40 +42
59 58.5480 16 13.5700
76 198
-0.00658 -0.01353
90 70
-0.00141 -0.00646
38 88
88.41 81.84
90.57 85.56
11
1432046
3 16 45.12255
134
+42
13 10.0194
94
-0.00345
74
-0.00879
54
87.65
12 13
1432178 1432289
3 18 01.74778
172
+40
41 57.9925
119
0.04171
83
+42 05 29.2583 +41 03 26.7126
119 237
0.01545 -0.00229
62 81
79.52 84.34
1432302 1432326
112 159
54 52
14 15
3 18 56.09920 3 19 01.94996
-0.12349 -0.00655
+40 +42
56 42.3817 12 31.0378
64 130
-0.00884
1432400 1432438 1432509
131 56
83.81 88.03
16 17 18
3 19 16.62328 3 19 52.78895
110 33
3 20 15.10473 3 20 42.36495
74 184
+ 42 13 26.5267 +40 45 38.0473
124 116
75 79
88.48 89.94 82.01
85.83 88.32 81.09
19
1432513
20 21
1432535 143254-l
3 20 47.13620 3 20 56.71178
125 114
+ 42 13 19.1475 +41 05 58.8969
122 90
85.22 82.37
82.91 81.22
3 21 00.00874
268
+41
05 44.5602
124
22 23
1432702 1432728
3 22 19.70284 3 22 33.109Sh
73 59
+42 10 02.0535 + 31 25 33.3848
63 107
-0.00325 -0.00058 0.0182.1
126 63 15 -.
24
1432736
25 26
1432754 1432834
3 22 36.74056 3 22 46.34602
83 94
+41 +41
41 30.3189 30 27.9283
88 122
0.00127 0.00200
3 23 26.56738
55
+ 41 42 30.8435
81
27 28
1432867 1432872
3 23 46.52907 3 23 49.30358
63 138
+41 07 11.3914 +41 23 47.5337
29
1432910
3 24 08.26054
75
30
1432912
100
0.01032 0.03188 -0.01702
35 61 94
0.00005
58
0.04199
58
0.00319 -0.00192 -0.00900 -0.02779 0.00598 0.00158
51 54
88.88
86.30
81.23 85.77 81.01 82.51 81.95 85.64
-0.02827
39
-0.00553 -0.02549 0 OO’J50
51 35 47
81.53 89.14 83.16
80.83 86.77 81.75
68 43
-0.00019
61
90.11
8X.88
-0.02001
57
0.00354
58
0.00032 0.01234
31 69
62 48
82.78 89.61
95 131
- 0.00325 - 0.005 I8
81.63 90.60
+ 40 58 07.5748
154
0.01272
57
57 79
85.95 81.78 88.45
83.83
-0.017OJ -0.01999
80. RJ 85.74
3 24 08.84812
29
+40
43 08.2715
141
-0.00411
23
-0.00490
88
89.54
87.10
1 88595
18 05 22.72106
35
-21
4023.4548
108
-0.06137
39
-0.12914
97
90.02
90.20
2
88721
18 06 46.12010
94
-22
27 52.3941
48
0.00164
83
37
8X.28
89.05
3
88730
1806
51.19763
110
-21
30 19.1994
86
0.00363
138
-0.00104
81
90.12
90.41
4
88760
1807
11.34790
115
-21
26 38.2366
70
0.00138
175
-0.00960
77
91.05
91.12
5
88876
18 08 38.57827
68
-21
26 58.4563
77
-0.00412
78
-0.00766
61
89.54
89.75
6
88884
18 08 44.91245
II5
-22
09 38.4797
85
-0.00146
137
-0.00503
79
89.98
90.29
7
88932
18 09 12.16651
137
-22
11 01.4753
124
-0.00997
91
-0.09493
67
83.22
84.22
8
89071
18 10 44.13652
47
- 22 14 22.9825
88
-0.00452
53
-0.00698
72
89.37
89.51
9
2798247
18 05 13.65165
129
24 35.4464
210
-0.00480
66
-0.01401
102
80.88
83.58
10
2798872
18 05 50.99733
82
- 22 12 16.0792
67
-0.00292
83
-0.00081
54
88.57
89.23
11
2798959
18 06 05.63857
79
- 22 06 58.9918
69
-0.00012
72
-0.00293
44
88.07
88.80
12
2798984
18 06 10.40892
85
-21
27 42.2301
56
90
-0.00411
47
89.01
89.49
13
2798990
18 06 11.09697
96
- 22 27 34.9771
126
-0.00433
75
-0.00266
86
85.83
87.72
14
2799052
18 06 22.96120
108
-22
182
-0.00015
75
102
83.93
85.20
15
2799212
18 06 49.52924
71
- 22 02 47.8883
42
-0.00885
74
-0.00758
35
88.86
89.57
16
2799236
18 06 52.45512
143
- 22 35 53.6007
237
-0.00068
82
-0.00616
121
81.16
83.30
17
2799551
18 07 38.22705
60
- 22 06 57.4601
108
-0.00219
59
-0.00209
85
88.44
89. 15
18
2799562
18 07 39.86621
76
- 22 04 37.7680
72
-0.02341
69
-0.02352
54
87.63
88.76
19
2800155
18 08 55.63322
48
-21
24 08.8958
105
36
-0.00398
74
86.52
87.90
20
2800161
18 08 56.41370
83
- 22 10 34.2077
132
74
-0.00487
102
88.48
88.91
21
2800235
18 09 04.80647
97
-21
24 24.8047
110
75
-0.00150
70
85.69
86.81
22
2800622
18 09 48.39131
56
-22
07 23.8335
86
40
-0.00449
48
85.37
85.53
23 24
2800628 2801692
18 09 48.61312 18 11 43.03962
61 66
- 22 03 22.5520 - 22 06 16.7789
103 145
54 70
-0.00019 -0.00369
70 98
87.75 88.78
88.05 88.62
-22
43 16.4534
0.00231
0.00211 -0.00030 0.00067 -0.01309 0.00110 0.00076
0.00047
0.00285
WANG
Shu-he
and the epoch reduction
et al. / Chinese
given in the catalogue,
of proper
motions.
given by the reference positions
Astronomy
and proper
dard coordinates
resulting
motions
were adjusted
positions
and the new values of the weights. procedure
improvement
in the precision
square
are 12, 4, 5 and 4 units
the positions
would continue
of the positions
coordinates The adjusted
This new catalogue
in the next round of the reduction.
This iterative
used in the
its standard
and proper motion.
then define a new catalogue.
reference
solved again. values
in the preliminary
for position
261
(2000) .257-264
To each star that has been reduced,
catalogue
be used as the new initial
24
and Astrophysics
With
would then the new stan-
and proper
motions
until there was no further
and proper
were
noticeable
motions.
The final root-mean-
in Table
2, and the maximum
in the last decimal
errors are 35, 8, 6 and 7 units.
6. RESULTS The results Table
of positions
and proper
2, where column
serial number columns
EXTERNAL
motions
columns
columns
Catalogue
ascension
and declination,
used.
Since
lastly,
motions
columns
catalogue
means
is regarded
stars
in Table
2; for these,
10.5 mas and 7.5 mas in right ascension
and declination
The corresponding
motion.
in the two sky areas are 11.7 and 10.5mas, Comparison
of positions
will bring out the differences results here,
and the ACT,
the rms here refers
usual meaning.
between
motions
between
epochs
of all the
and its precision
is
the mean
internal
errors
are
and 0.70 mas/yr and 0.59 mas/yr in mean errors for all the 54 stars
of stars
catalogues. and PPM
to the difference
A comparison
for the right
and 0.59 and 0.64mas/yr.
and proper
HIPPARCOS
epochs
i.e. J1991.25.
the two components
of proper
while
in units of the last decimal
of the observational
There
and epoch
and declination,
as one observation,
given are near the epoch of the ACT,
2 is its
(7 digits),
to the equinox
ascension
errors,
column
Catalogue
11 and 12 are the central
high, the epochs
are 16 HIPPARCOS
referred
in right
standard
being the weighted
the ACT
or the AC2000
and declination
7 and 9, its proper
concerned;
in the two sky areas are listed in
of the star in this paper,
(5 digits)
4, 6, 8 and 10 are the corresponding
of the quantities
COMPARISON
of the stars
1 gives the serial number
in the HIPPARCOS
3 and 5 are its right ascension
of 52000.0;
plates
AND
Table
to different
3 gives the difference
catalogues.
between
common It should
the catalogues
the HIPPARCOS
catalogues between
be pointed
our
out that,
and does not have its
and ACT
is also given for the
mean epoch of the two, J1991.25. The ACT,
differences
HIPPARCOS
in position and PPM
and proper catalogues
motion
for stars
and between
common
to our list and the
the first two named
in Fig. 1 (Sky Area 1) and Fig;2
positions
of the stars given in this paper and the rays mark the vector differences
in position, bottom
in the left panels;
in proper
motion,
the right panels),
are
the circles mark the (differences
on the scale shown at
left of each panel.
It can be seen from the figures and the ACT obvious
(Sky Area 2). In the panels,
catalogues
displayed
and HIPPARCOS
systematic
are obviously were observed
trends;
systematic.
and Table
catalogues
3 that
the differences
in Sky Area
in Sky Area 2 (Fig. 2) the differences The positions
by 22 different
observatories
of AC2000 around
between
our results
1 (Fig. 1) are small and with no are again small,
were computed
but they
from AC plates
which
the world; this fact may have caused
$ 40.5
Declination (dearee) 41 41.5 42 42.5
$
WANG
Shu-he
et al. / Chinese
Astronomy
the positional differences between our results and ACT 28
and Astrophysics
24 (2000)
257-264
263
the differences in proper notion between our results and ACT
1 2b
1
+ z’
1
I
1
the scale:O’.% 271
271.5
272
272.5
273
’ 271
the positional differences between our results and HIP , 2c In
4
the scale:10
;
I
271.5
mas/yr 272
272.5
273
t.he differences in proper motion betrwn our rrsults and HIP
-T-
XT;;; P-s .E,q::2 ’
2 72 2, i-4 ’
-\ the scale:O’.Z 271.5
272
.I 273
272.5
271.5
the positional differences between our results and PPM
the differences our
272.5
273
[‘2f
1
2e
272
in proper motion between resuits- and ppy
& 4
I
z’
the scale:l” 271
271.5
272
1 273
272.5
the positional differences AcTand RIP
I
the differences
between
r ;;_ 28
I k-J i ;pr: 3c-4_ g?, .r( ii?:
l
l.
. m
o
l
.
l
2: i ’ Tb---+
-.
.
.
the seele:oY? 271.5 272 272.5 Right Ascension(degree)
Fig. 2
in proper motion bet-em ACTand HIP
The differences
in positions
O’
273
and proper
the scale:10 ms/yr 271.5 272 272.5 Right Ascension(degree)
motions
(Sky area 2)
between
our results
273
and ACT,
HIP, PPM
WANG
264
Shu-he et al. / Chinese
Table
3.1
Comparison
This
Paper 30
-2.4 f 26.6 -1.95 f 5.18
Ap’ (mas/yr)
-0.23
-1.8
3.2
f 51.1
This
-
This Paper - HIP 8 -0.4 f 9.0 -2.56 f 3.58
with other
ACT
-54.2
A6 (ma)
f 59.9
A&rcos 6 (mas/yr)
-2.07
f 1.55
f 4.63
(Sky Area
This PaDer - PPM 26
f 72.8
-97.9
ACT-HIP 11 1.8 f 9.9 4.5 f 12.7 -0.12 f 2.59 1.16 f 1.60
2)
8 4.9 f a.7
1.33 f 4.18 -0.34
Ap’ (mas/yr)
1)
This Paper - PPM 30 98.1 f 312.5 -173.2 f 313.6 0.01 f 6.80
Catalogues
-63.9
3.0 i 9.7
257-264
This Paoer - HIP
24
Aa cos S (mas)
24 (2000)
(Sky Area
1.15 f 1.69
f 2.12
PaDW
Catalogues
15.9 f 26.6
Comparison
Number of conunon stars
and Astrophysics
with other
ACT
Number of ~~rnnlc~nstars Aa cos 6 (mu) A6 (mas) Ap cos 6 (mas/yr)
Table
Astronomy
f 167.6
278.6 f 342.2
ACT-HIP 12 -1.6
f 8.3
1.8 f 6.7
-0.55
i 3.04
1.78 f 4.64
-1.76
f 5.53
-2.70
f 3.78
2.72 f 6.74
-0.41
f 3.35
some systematic differences in Sky Area 2 (declination about -22’). The differences between our results and the PPM catalogue are large in both areas, and are obviously systematic. This is probably due to the fact that the mean error of the PPM proper motions is quite large (4.2mas/yr) and its mean epoch is 1931. From the figures it can also be noted that the differences between the HIPPARCOS and ACT are not as small as might be expected, especially in the proper motions: some are larger than 2mas/yr though the average is below l.Bmas/yr. Although the results of this paper are based only on two sky areas, it shows and ACT still need to be checked further. that the proper motions of HIPPARCOS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank
the following
colleagues
who, over the years,
took
the plates used in this work: ZHANG Xiao-shun, ZHAI Shu-wen, XU Tong-qi, HU Kun-lin. GUO Qi-wei and CHU Zong-yuan. We also thank the colleagues in the PDS Team of Purple Mountain Observatory for their help.
References ESA, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, Mignard F., The Circular Urban S., Newsletter
1 of IAU WGRF,
1997, SP-1200 Private communication,
1998
1, Sub-group on the Densification of the Optical Frame, Private communication,
1998 4
Tang Zheng-hong et d., Annals of Shanghai Observatory,
5
Urban S. E., Corbin T. E., Wycoff G. L., ACT Reference Catalogue,
1997, 18: 61-68
6
USNO, The AC2000,
1997
7
WANG Jia-ji et al., AnnaIs of Shanghai Observatory,
8
WANG Jia-ji et al., Annals of Shanghai Observatory,
1992, 13, 62
9
WANG Jia-ji et al., Annals of Shanghai Observatory,
1990, 11, 67
10
1988, 9, 38
WANG Jia-ji et al., CAA 1996, 20, 364 = AAnS 1996, 37. 68
1997
PERGAMON
Proper
and Astrophysics
motions
24 (2000)
257-264
of Hipparcos
in two plate areas WANG Shanghai National
Shu-he
Observatory,
Astronomical
Abstract reduced
Chinese
Zheng-hong Academy
Observatories,
Chinese
Using the ACT reference 31 exposures
on 15 plates
of our Observatory. procedure stars,
TANG
Using
including
right ascension
16 Hipparcos
stars.
JIN Wen-jing
of Sciences, Academy
catalogue
Shanghai
of Sciences,
as preliminary
overlapping
high-precision
and declination,
* 200030 Beijing
reference
technique
positions
For the latter,
refractor
and an iterative
and proper
motions
the mean standard
are 0.70 and 0.59mas/yr
100012
we have
in two areas taken with the 40-cm
the central
we have derived
t
stars
in proper
for 54
errors.
motion,
in and
10.5 and 7.5 mas in position. Key
words:
astrometry-proper
motion-Hipparcos
stars
1. INTRODUCTION The successful achievement system
completion
composed
only spanned magnitudes enough, density
of the HIPPARCOS
in astrometry. mainly
The
of stars brighter
a little over 3 years. fainter
than
or the precision
Celestial
Reference
System
(ICRS)
(WGRF);
optics,
ties with previous
and proper t o replace
and relation
by National
Natural
in reference
0275-1062/00/$
- see front matter
SO275-1062(00)00050-3
Earth
magnitude Group
Working
Rotation
4, pp. 351-359,
2000 Elsevier Science B.
V.
or the star of Reference
densification
system,
computational
Service
(IERS).
to three specific problems Chinese Academy
is not faint
of International
Group
of the ICRS,
observation with limiting
is not high enough,
a Working
and extension
Science Foundation,
@
motions
link to the dynamical
Scaling-the-Heights Program Received 1998-09-07; revised version 1998-12-10 * A translation of Acla Astton. Sin. Vol. 40, No.
PII:
catalogues
the limiting
the original
with the International
is only a reference
9, and the satellite’s
to available
IAU has established
and new catalogues,
have been hot points of research t Supported
either
it has 6 tasks12~31: maintenance
Frame
consequences,
The
common
12 is this:
of positions
in the 1990s marked a revolutionary
catalogue 111, however,
than magnitude
The problem
magnitude
is not high enough.
Program
HIPPARCOS
These
of the HIPPARCOS
of Sciences and National
1999
All rights reserved.
in
258
WANG
catalogue,
Shu-he
namely,
et al. / Chinese
improving
for a long time, extending the extragalactic
reference
The Shanghai
the precision
magnitudes
system
to approximate
astronomical
Observatory
Since 1901, the 40-cm refractor
(f=6895
has made observations;
10 thousand
photographs 4000
plates
to 764 different
in stock,
sky areas.
contribution is part
HIPPARCOS
Catalogue
with She-Shan
and high precision
of Shanghai
plate
10,000
external
centers
galaxies,
There
and belong stars,
so,
will be a valuable
catalogue.
“Maintenance
some
(2.5’ x2’).
HIPPARCOS
of the HIPPARCOS
program
Astronomical
it has accumulated
have known
are about
system.
astrometry.
This paper
and Extension
of the
Plates”.
Catalogue
sky areas taken with the 40-cm
Station a century,
those including
of our long research
Using ACT151 Reference technique,
there
and extension
the system
and linking to
of photographic
plate size is 30 cm x 24cm of these
areas,
especially
to the maintenance
of the results
mm) at She-Shan
and 3435
so as to maintain
more closely with a quasi-initial
now, after nearly
In these
making full use of these plates,
motions
257.264
to include more faint objects
has a long history
on plates 141. The
24 (2000)
and Astrophysics
of proper
to fainter
Observatory are about
Astronomy
as a preliminary
refractor
positions
were reduced and proper
reference
catalogue,
plates
by means of the central
motions
of HIPPARCOS
of two
overlapping
stars and field
stars in the two areas obtained.
ACT
2.
The U.S. Naval Observatory in 1997.9,
its positions
(AC 2000)
and Tycho
The
Tycho
stars), covering motions
brighter
is better
Another
the compilation
than
stars,
its astrometric
mag 9).
25 stars
The ACT
per square
System
Reference
degree.
contains
of this paper is to check the precision
(for all
988,758
The positions
and 2.2 mas/yr for proper motion.
satellite.
is 25ma.s
for epoch J2000.0,
catalogues
Catalog Catalogue
of HIPPARCOS precision
catalogue
(52000.0)
than those often used as reference
purpose
of the ACT
of the Astrographic
the later is part of the results 1,058,322
sky, with about
is 22.5 mas for position,
catalogue
CATALOGUE
from new reductions
of ACT are on the HIPPARCOS
precision ACRS.
contains
(for those
the entire
has completed
are combined catalogue,
catalogue
7mas
REFERENCE
stars
and proper and the mean
It seems that the ACT
such as AGK3,
PPM
and
of the ACT with actual
data
reduction.
3. OBSERVATIONAL The photographic
plates used in this paper are listed in Table
as one observation. densitometer is better
than
DATA
All the plates
of Purple lpm.
Mountain
For detailed
were digitally
Observatory, description
measured
1. Each exposure
is regarded
with the PDS-1OlOMS
and the precision of the measurement
micro-
of star image measurement we refer to the references
[7-91.
4. CHOOSING Considering
that
the stars
MODEL
are distributed
OF PLATE in quite
CONSTANTS
a large field (2Ox1.5’)
and that
their
WANG
magnitudes parameter
Shu-he
range model
Cij
=
et al. / Chinese
from 7.8 to 12.5,
aijxij
+
a2jYij
+
+
QjXijyij
model
to be the better +
a6jY:j
+
259
and the 20-
one.
aTjXij(Xfj +
yfj)
+ CLlojCi
hjxij + b2jYij + b3j + b4jXfj+ b5j xijyij
=
24 fZOO0) 257-264
a 14parameter
and found the latter
a3j + a4jXtj
a9jmiXij
+
and Astrophysics
we first used both
(eqn. (1)) as tests,
+asj%
Tij
Astronomy
+ bgjy~j + bTjxij( xF~ +
$j )
+bsjmi + bgjmixij + blojci here,
are the standard
and yij are the corresponding constants, ACT
m is the B magnitude,
catalogue,
standard
coordinates
measured
of the i-th
coordinates,
and c(=
exposure,
xcij
data and standardized
to the Johnson
system.
In this preliminary image is computed
in the j-th
blj_..bloj are the 20 plate
B - V) is the color index, both are taken from the
and are derived from HIPPARCOS
photometry
star
aij...oiej,
treatment
as well in the following
reduction,
the weight of the star
as in Ref. [lo].
Table 1
Observational
Observational Date
Material
NO.
Plate No.
Exposure (min)
Observer
1
G56063
1956-11-25
60
ZHAI Shu-wen
2
G57037
1957-11-17
60
ZHANG Xia-shun
3
G57047
1957-12-15
60
ZHAI Shu-wen CHU Zong-yuan
4
RS85060
1985-12-15
70
5
MS5063
1985-12-16
75
CHU Zong-yuan
6
RS85069
1985-12-19
15, 15, 15
CHU Zong-yuan
7
RS86003
1986-01-04
15, 15, 15
XU Tong-qi
8
RS86009
1986-01-05
15, 15, 15
XU Tong-qi
9
RS86019
1986-01-07
15, 15, 15
CHU Zong-yuan
1
G58020
1958-05-26
20
HU Kun-lin
2
G64064
1964-08-07
15
GUO Qi-wei
3
G85007
198546-19
5, 5, 5
CHU Zong-yuan
4
G85019
1985-08-l 5
5, 5, 5
CHU Zong-yuan
5
G85022
1985-08-06
5, 5, 5
CHU Zong-yuan
6
G85025
1985-08-09
7, 7, 7
CHU Zong-yuan
5. REDUCTION In this paper,
the ACT
and the central the relevant
equations
The standard nate system.
Reference
overlapping
The positions
system
reference
procedure
used in the reduction
of the preliminary
by adding
frame of the plate to be referred preliminary
was used as a preliminary
and an iterative
reference
catalogue,
were used in the reduction,
are the same as in Ref. [lo].
coordinate
to the plate epoch,
Catalogue
technique
the correction
reference
stars were also corrected
mean equator
stars were transferred
for the proper
to in the first round.
is J2000.0 motion,
to obtain
from J2000.0 the standard
At the same time, the positions
for their proper motions
coordi-
between
of the
32000.0
260
WANG
Table
2
Shu-he
Results
et al. / Chinese
of Reduction
Astmnomy
and Astrophysics
of 16 HIPPARCOS
Stars
24 (2000)
and 38 Field
257~264
Stars
(ACT
Star)
in Two Areas (I
NO. h m
0.
s
.
6
I
”
08
f%
0,
“/yr 44
pa “/yr
aa
T.x
Tdr
1900 +
1900 +
89.08
89.13 86.89
1 2
15216 15437
3 16 08.50313
52
+ 41 51 36.8842
42
-0.00253
3 18 57.15936
67
+41
11 10.8369
69
3 4
15494 15496
3 19 39.22016 3 19 41.14401
180 68
+40 +42
58 42.6276 10 33.8959
95 61
- 0.00376 0.00734
55 129
-0.01553 -0.00511 -0.01257
32 43 52
0.02053
45
-0.00737
33
88.20 88.86
5
15544
3 20 17.28997
38
+41
53 49.9567
55
0.01365
38
-0.01485
46
90.77
86.61 90.16
6 7
15731 15791
3 22 39.73493
65
+41
55 34.5989
43
0.02441
69
-0.03857
35
90.75
90.01
3 23 30.59719
58
+ 41 12 24.9448
74
0.01196
61
-0.02664
64
90.91
90.34
8
15831
3 23 55.55156
68
+41
20 13.3548
78
-0.00175
73
-0.00155
71
90.95
9 10
1431966 1431967
3 15 59.81386 3 15 59.88190
113 173
+40 +42
59 58.5480 16 13.5700
76 198
-0.00658 -0.01353
90 70
-0.00141 -0.00646
38 88
88.41 81.84
90.57 85.56
11
1432046
3 16 45.12255
134
+42
13 10.0194
94
-0.00345
74
-0.00879
54
87.65
12 13
1432178 1432289
3 18 01.74778
172
+40
41 57.9925
119
0.04171
83
+42 05 29.2583 +41 03 26.7126
119 237
0.01545 -0.00229
62 81
79.52 84.34
1432302 1432326
112 159
54 52
14 15
3 18 56.09920 3 19 01.94996
-0.12349 -0.00655
+40 +42
56 42.3817 12 31.0378
64 130
-0.00884
1432400 1432438 1432509
131 56
83.81 88.03
16 17 18
3 19 16.62328 3 19 52.78895
110 33
3 20 15.10473 3 20 42.36495
74 184
+ 42 13 26.5267 +40 45 38.0473
124 116
75 79
88.48 89.94 82.01
85.83 88.32 81.09
19
1432513
20 21
1432535 143254-l
3 20 47.13620 3 20 56.71178
125 114
+ 42 13 19.1475 +41 05 58.8969
122 90
85.22 82.37
82.91 81.22
3 21 00.00874
268
+41
05 44.5602
124
22 23
1432702 1432728
3 22 19.70284 3 22 33.109Sh
73 59
+42 10 02.0535 + 31 25 33.3848
63 107
-0.00325 -0.00058 0.0182.1
126 63 15 -.
24
1432736
25 26
1432754 1432834
3 22 36.74056 3 22 46.34602
83 94
+41 +41
41 30.3189 30 27.9283
88 122
0.00127 0.00200
3 23 26.56738
55
+ 41 42 30.8435
81
27 28
1432867 1432872
3 23 46.52907 3 23 49.30358
63 138
+41 07 11.3914 +41 23 47.5337
29
1432910
3 24 08.26054
75
30
1432912
100
0.01032 0.03188 -0.01702
35 61 94
0.00005
58
0.04199
58
0.00319 -0.00192 -0.00900 -0.02779 0.00598 0.00158
51 54
88.88
86.30
81.23 85.77 81.01 82.51 81.95 85.64
-0.02827
39
-0.00553 -0.02549 0 OO’J50
51 35 47
81.53 89.14 83.16
80.83 86.77 81.75
68 43
-0.00019
61
90.11
8X.88
-0.02001
57
0.00354
58
0.00032 0.01234
31 69
62 48
82.78 89.61
95 131
- 0.00325 - 0.005 I8
81.63 90.60
+ 40 58 07.5748
154
0.01272
57
57 79
85.95 81.78 88.45
83.83
-0.017OJ -0.01999
80. RJ 85.74
3 24 08.84812
29
+40
43 08.2715
141
-0.00411
23
-0.00490
88
89.54
87.10
1 88595
18 05 22.72106
35
-21
4023.4548
108
-0.06137
39
-0.12914
97
90.02
90.20
2
88721
18 06 46.12010
94
-22
27 52.3941
48
0.00164
83
37
8X.28
89.05
3
88730
1806
51.19763
110
-21
30 19.1994
86
0.00363
138
-0.00104
81
90.12
90.41
4
88760
1807
11.34790
115
-21
26 38.2366
70
0.00138
175
-0.00960
77
91.05
91.12
5
88876
18 08 38.57827
68
-21
26 58.4563
77
-0.00412
78
-0.00766
61
89.54
89.75
6
88884
18 08 44.91245
II5
-22
09 38.4797
85
-0.00146
137
-0.00503
79
89.98
90.29
7
88932
18 09 12.16651
137
-22
11 01.4753
124
-0.00997
91
-0.09493
67
83.22
84.22
8
89071
18 10 44.13652
47
- 22 14 22.9825
88
-0.00452
53
-0.00698
72
89.37
89.51
9
2798247
18 05 13.65165
129
24 35.4464
210
-0.00480
66
-0.01401
102
80.88
83.58
10
2798872
18 05 50.99733
82
- 22 12 16.0792
67
-0.00292
83
-0.00081
54
88.57
89.23
11
2798959
18 06 05.63857
79
- 22 06 58.9918
69
-0.00012
72
-0.00293
44
88.07
88.80
12
2798984
18 06 10.40892
85
-21
27 42.2301
56
90
-0.00411
47
89.01
89.49
13
2798990
18 06 11.09697
96
- 22 27 34.9771
126
-0.00433
75
-0.00266
86
85.83
87.72
14
2799052
18 06 22.96120
108
-22
182
-0.00015
75
102
83.93
85.20
15
2799212
18 06 49.52924
71
- 22 02 47.8883
42
-0.00885
74
-0.00758
35
88.86
89.57
16
2799236
18 06 52.45512
143
- 22 35 53.6007
237
-0.00068
82
-0.00616
121
81.16
83.30
17
2799551
18 07 38.22705
60
- 22 06 57.4601
108
-0.00219
59
-0.00209
85
88.44
89. 15
18
2799562
18 07 39.86621
76
- 22 04 37.7680
72
-0.02341
69
-0.02352
54
87.63
88.76
19
2800155
18 08 55.63322
48
-21
24 08.8958
105
36
-0.00398
74
86.52
87.90
20
2800161
18 08 56.41370
83
- 22 10 34.2077
132
74
-0.00487
102
88.48
88.91
21
2800235
18 09 04.80647
97
-21
24 24.8047
110
75
-0.00150
70
85.69
86.81
22
2800622
18 09 48.39131
56
-22
07 23.8335
86
40
-0.00449
48
85.37
85.53
23 24
2800628 2801692
18 09 48.61312 18 11 43.03962
61 66
- 22 03 22.5520 - 22 06 16.7789
103 145
54 70
-0.00019 -0.00369
70 98
87.75 88.78
88.05 88.62
-22
43 16.4534
0.00231
0.00211 -0.00030 0.00067 -0.01309 0.00110 0.00076
0.00047
0.00285
WANG
Shu-he
and the epoch reduction
et al. / Chinese
given in the catalogue,
of proper
motions.
given by the reference positions
Astronomy
and proper
dard coordinates
resulting
motions
were adjusted
positions
and the new values of the weights. procedure
improvement
in the precision
square
are 12, 4, 5 and 4 units
the positions
would continue
of the positions
coordinates The adjusted
This new catalogue
in the next round of the reduction.
This iterative
used in the
its standard
and proper motion.
then define a new catalogue.
reference
solved again. values
in the preliminary
for position
261
(2000) .257-264
To each star that has been reduced,
catalogue
be used as the new initial
24
and Astrophysics
With
would then the new stan-
and proper
motions
until there was no further
and proper
were
noticeable
motions.
The final root-mean-
in Table
2, and the maximum
in the last decimal
errors are 35, 8, 6 and 7 units.
6. RESULTS The results Table
of positions
and proper
2, where column
serial number columns
EXTERNAL
motions
columns
columns
Catalogue
ascension
and declination,
used.
Since
lastly,
motions
columns
catalogue
means
is regarded
stars
in Table
2; for these,
10.5 mas and 7.5 mas in right ascension
and declination
The corresponding
motion.
in the two sky areas are 11.7 and 10.5mas, Comparison
of positions
will bring out the differences results here,
and the ACT,
the rms here refers
usual meaning.
between
motions
between
epochs
of all the
and its precision
is
the mean
internal
errors
are
and 0.70 mas/yr and 0.59 mas/yr in mean errors for all the 54 stars
of stars
catalogues. and PPM
to the difference
A comparison
for the right
and 0.59 and 0.64mas/yr.
and proper
HIPPARCOS
epochs
i.e. J1991.25.
the two components
of proper
while
in units of the last decimal
of the observational
There
and epoch
and declination,
as one observation,
given are near the epoch of the ACT,
2 is its
(7 digits),
to the equinox
ascension
errors,
column
Catalogue
11 and 12 are the central
high, the epochs
are 16 HIPPARCOS
referred
in right
standard
being the weighted
the ACT
or the AC2000
and declination
7 and 9, its proper
concerned;
in the two sky areas are listed in
of the star in this paper,
(5 digits)
4, 6, 8 and 10 are the corresponding
of the quantities
COMPARISON
of the stars
1 gives the serial number
in the HIPPARCOS
3 and 5 are its right ascension
of 52000.0;
plates
AND
Table
to different
3 gives the difference
catalogues.
between
common It should
the catalogues
the HIPPARCOS
catalogues between
be pointed
our
out that,
and does not have its
and ACT
is also given for the
mean epoch of the two, J1991.25. The ACT,
differences
HIPPARCOS
in position and PPM
and proper catalogues
motion
for stars
and between
common
to our list and the
the first two named
in Fig. 1 (Sky Area 1) and Fig;2
positions
of the stars given in this paper and the rays mark the vector differences
in position, bottom
in the left panels;
in proper
motion,
the right panels),
are
the circles mark the (differences
on the scale shown at
left of each panel.
It can be seen from the figures and the ACT obvious
(Sky Area 2). In the panels,
catalogues
displayed
and HIPPARCOS
systematic
are obviously were observed
trends;
systematic.
and Table
catalogues
3 that
the differences
in Sky Area
in Sky Area 2 (Fig. 2) the differences The positions
by 22 different
observatories
of AC2000 around
between
our results
1 (Fig. 1) are small and with no are again small,
were computed
but they
from AC plates
which
the world; this fact may have caused
$ 40.5
Declination (dearee) 41 41.5 42 42.5
$
WANG
Shu-he
et al. / Chinese
Astronomy
the positional differences between our results and ACT 28
and Astrophysics
24 (2000)
257-264
263
the differences in proper notion between our results and ACT
1 2b
1
+ z’
1
I
1
the scale:O’.% 271
271.5
272
272.5
273
’ 271
the positional differences between our results and HIP , 2c In
4
the scale:10
;
I
271.5
mas/yr 272
272.5
273
t.he differences in proper motion betrwn our rrsults and HIP
-T-
XT;;; P-s .E,q::2 ’
2 72 2, i-4 ’
-\ the scale:O’.Z 271.5
272
.I 273
272.5
271.5
the positional differences between our results and PPM
the differences our
272.5
273
[‘2f
1
2e
272
in proper motion between resuits- and ppy
& 4
I
z’
the scale:l” 271
271.5
272
1 273
272.5
the positional differences AcTand RIP
I
the differences
between
r ;;_ 28
I k-J i ;pr: 3c-4_ g?, .r( ii?:
l
l.
. m
o
l
.
l
2: i ’ Tb---+
-.
.
.
the seele:oY? 271.5 272 272.5 Right Ascension(degree)
Fig. 2
in proper motion bet-em ACTand HIP
The differences
in positions
O’
273
and proper
the scale:10 ms/yr 271.5 272 272.5 Right Ascension(degree)
motions
(Sky area 2)
between
our results
273
and ACT,
HIP, PPM
WANG
264
Shu-he et al. / Chinese
Table
3.1
Comparison
This
Paper 30
-2.4 f 26.6 -1.95 f 5.18
Ap’ (mas/yr)
-0.23
-1.8
3.2
f 51.1
This
-
This Paper - HIP 8 -0.4 f 9.0 -2.56 f 3.58
with other
ACT
-54.2
A6 (ma)
f 59.9
A&rcos 6 (mas/yr)
-2.07
f 1.55
f 4.63
(Sky Area
This PaDer - PPM 26
f 72.8
-97.9
ACT-HIP 11 1.8 f 9.9 4.5 f 12.7 -0.12 f 2.59 1.16 f 1.60
2)
8 4.9 f a.7
1.33 f 4.18 -0.34
Ap’ (mas/yr)
1)
This Paper - PPM 30 98.1 f 312.5 -173.2 f 313.6 0.01 f 6.80
Catalogues
-63.9
3.0 i 9.7
257-264
This Paoer - HIP
24
Aa cos S (mas)
24 (2000)
(Sky Area
1.15 f 1.69
f 2.12
PaDW
Catalogues
15.9 f 26.6
Comparison
Number of conunon stars
and Astrophysics
with other
ACT
Number of ~~rnnlc~nstars Aa cos 6 (mu) A6 (mas) Ap cos 6 (mas/yr)
Table
Astronomy
f 167.6
278.6 f 342.2
ACT-HIP 12 -1.6
f 8.3
1.8 f 6.7
-0.55
i 3.04
1.78 f 4.64
-1.76
f 5.53
-2.70
f 3.78
2.72 f 6.74
-0.41
f 3.35
some systematic differences in Sky Area 2 (declination about -22’). The differences between our results and the PPM catalogue are large in both areas, and are obviously systematic. This is probably due to the fact that the mean error of the PPM proper motions is quite large (4.2mas/yr) and its mean epoch is 1931. From the figures it can also be noted that the differences between the HIPPARCOS and ACT are not as small as might be expected, especially in the proper motions: some are larger than 2mas/yr though the average is below l.Bmas/yr. Although the results of this paper are based only on two sky areas, it shows and ACT still need to be checked further. that the proper motions of HIPPARCOS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank
the following
colleagues
who, over the years,
took
the plates used in this work: ZHANG Xiao-shun, ZHAI Shu-wen, XU Tong-qi, HU Kun-lin. GUO Qi-wei and CHU Zong-yuan. We also thank the colleagues in the PDS Team of Purple Mountain Observatory for their help.
References ESA, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, Mignard F., The Circular Urban S., Newsletter
1 of IAU WGRF,
1997, SP-1200 Private communication,
1998
1, Sub-group on the Densification of the Optical Frame, Private communication,
1998 4
Tang Zheng-hong et d., Annals of Shanghai Observatory,
5
Urban S. E., Corbin T. E., Wycoff G. L., ACT Reference Catalogue,
1997, 18: 61-68
6
USNO, The AC2000,
1997
7
WANG Jia-ji et al., AnnaIs of Shanghai Observatory,
8
WANG Jia-ji et al., Annals of Shanghai Observatory,
1992, 13, 62
9
WANG Jia-ji et al., Annals of Shanghai Observatory,
1990, 11, 67
10
1988, 9, 38
WANG Jia-ji et al., CAA 1996, 20, 364 = AAnS 1996, 37. 68
1997