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Questions linked to Metan G, Zarakolu P, Unal S. Rapid detection of antibacterial resistance in emerging Gram-positive cocci. J Hosp Infect 2005;61:93–99.
Journal of Hospital Infection (2006) 62, 381–382
www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin
Continuing Professional Development and the Journal of Hospital Infection Questions linked to Metan G, Zarakolu P, Unal S. Rapid detection of antibacterial resistance in emerging Gram-positive cocci. J Hosp Infect 2005;61:93–99. 1. Which is the ‘gold standard’ (i.e. reference) test for identifying methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus? (a) Oxacillin-salt agar screening test. (b) Oxacillin disk diffusion test on Mueller–Hinton agar containing 4% salt. (c) Cefoxitin disk diffusion test on Mueller–Hinton agar. (d) Latex agglutination test. (e) Detection of mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from cultivated bacteria. 2. Which method gives the most rapid result for detecting methicillin resistance in S. aureus after the bacteria has been cultivated? (a) bDNA signal amplification. (b) Detection of mecA gene by PCR. (c) Isothermal signal mediated amplification of RNA. (d) Latex agglutination tests. (e) Detection of mecA gene by real-time PCR. 3. Several methods have been described for rapid detection of antibacterial resistance in Gram-
positive cocci. Which bacterium is an exception to this generalization? (a) Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. (b) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. (c) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. (d) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. (e) Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. 4. What is the major advantage of the bDNA signal amplification method compared with PCRbased methods? (a) Needs shorter time to get the results. (b) More cost-effective. (c) Not subject to inhibitors. (d) Does not require expert staff. (e) Test can be performed directly with clinical samples. 5. A commercial rapid test to detect the highlevel aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci does not exist as:
Summarizing the instructions from the Royal College of Pathologists: (1) One CPD point is allowed for each question and answer set (up to five questions and answers). (2) Answers must be recorded referenced back to the questions and recorded in the CPD portfolio. (3) It is essential that participants include the completed response from showing both questions and answers in their portfolio as these may be subject to audit by RCPath. For further information about the Royal College of Pathologists’ CPD scheme and credit allocation, please contact: Professional Standards Unit, CPD Section, Royal College of Pathologists, 2 Carlton House Terrace, London, SW1Y 5AF, UK. E-mail: [email protected] or visit http://www.rcpath.org 0195-6701/$ - see front matter doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.06.028
382 (a) High-level aminoglycoside resistance is not important in most of the geographic regions. (b) Resistance genes could not be described. (c) Phenotypic methods are fast enough to detect high-level aminoglycoside resistance.
Metan G, Zarakolu P, Unal S. (d) High diversity of resistance genes does not allow for development of commercial kits. (e) There have been commercial kits to detect the high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci.
www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin
Continuing Professional Development and the Journal of Hospital Infection Questions linked to Metan G, Zarakolu P, Unal S. Rapid detection of antibacterial resistance in emerging Gram-positive cocci. J Hosp Infect 2005;61:93–99. 1. Which is the ‘gold standard’ (i.e. reference) test for identifying methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus? (a) Oxacillin-salt agar screening test. (b) Oxacillin disk diffusion test on Mueller–Hinton agar containing 4% salt. (c) Cefoxitin disk diffusion test on Mueller–Hinton agar. (d) Latex agglutination test. (e) Detection of mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from cultivated bacteria. 2. Which method gives the most rapid result for detecting methicillin resistance in S. aureus after the bacteria has been cultivated? (a) bDNA signal amplification. (b) Detection of mecA gene by PCR. (c) Isothermal signal mediated amplification of RNA. (d) Latex agglutination tests. (e) Detection of mecA gene by real-time PCR. 3. Several methods have been described for rapid detection of antibacterial resistance in Gram-
positive cocci. Which bacterium is an exception to this generalization? (a) Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. (b) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. (c) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. (d) Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. (e) Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. 4. What is the major advantage of the bDNA signal amplification method compared with PCRbased methods? (a) Needs shorter time to get the results. (b) More cost-effective. (c) Not subject to inhibitors. (d) Does not require expert staff. (e) Test can be performed directly with clinical samples. 5. A commercial rapid test to detect the highlevel aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci does not exist as:
Summarizing the instructions from the Royal College of Pathologists: (1) One CPD point is allowed for each question and answer set (up to five questions and answers). (2) Answers must be recorded referenced back to the questions and recorded in the CPD portfolio. (3) It is essential that participants include the completed response from showing both questions and answers in their portfolio as these may be subject to audit by RCPath. For further information about the Royal College of Pathologists’ CPD scheme and credit allocation, please contact: Professional Standards Unit, CPD Section, Royal College of Pathologists, 2 Carlton House Terrace, London, SW1Y 5AF, UK. E-mail: [email protected] or visit http://www.rcpath.org 0195-6701/$ - see front matter doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.06.028
382 (a) High-level aminoglycoside resistance is not important in most of the geographic regions. (b) Resistance genes could not be described. (c) Phenotypic methods are fast enough to detect high-level aminoglycoside resistance.
Metan G, Zarakolu P, Unal S. (d) High diversity of resistance genes does not allow for development of commercial kits. (e) There have been commercial kits to detect the high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci.