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Recommendations on dietary saturated fats for cardiovascular disease prevention in dietary guidelines world-wide
Abstracts / Atherosclerosis 263 (2017) e111ee282
Results: After 4 weeks, CMG administration resulted in decreased serum glucose and triglyceride levels in both LdM and HdM groups. At the end of the experiment, LdM presented significantly lower serum glucose and ameliorated lipidemic profile compared with control group. Adiponectin levels at the end of the experiment did not differ between control and both treated groups, while interleukin-6 was significantly lower in LdM group compared with the control group. Hepatic steatosis observed in control group was partially reversed in both CMG groups. Conclusions: CMG administration in low dosages improves metabolic disturbances and exerts anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic mice while alleviating hepatic damage.
PO177. RECOMMENDATIONS ON DIETARY SATURATED FATS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION IN DIETARY GUIDELINES WORLD-WIDE Erik Arnesen1, Jøran Hjelmeseæth2, Kjetil Retterstøl3. 1 Norwegian Association for Heart and Lung Disease (LHL) and the National Nutrition Council, Oslo, Norway; 2 Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust and Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Tønsberg, Norway; 3 Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo and Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Aim: We aimed to review recommendations on saturated fatty acids (SFA) in dietary guidelines world-wide from 2010 through 2016, and to compare these with recent meta-analyses/systematic reviews on SFA and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We systematically assessed 1) recommendations on fats/SFA in recent national dietary guidelines world-wide; 2) evidence-based guidelines for primary prevention of chronic diseases; and 3) meta-analyses (MA)/systematic reviews (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies published from 2010 through September 2016. Primary outcomes and exposures were incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or death, and intakes of SFA and dairy products, respectively. Results: We included 16 nutrient-based and 18 food-based guidelines, as well as 14 MA/SR on SFA and CVD and 8 MA/SR on dairy products and CVD. All food-based guidelines recommend a mainly plant-based, nutrientdense diet. The majority (~95 %) recommends vegetable oils/unsaturated fats to replace saturated fats, while 83 % specifically recommend low-fat dairy products. Recommended intakes of SFA are 10 E%, or no specific target. MA of RCT and cohort studies supported an increased dietary PUFA:SFA ratio for primary prevention of CHD. MA of cohort studies reported beneficial associations between dairy products, low-fat dairy and cheese and CVD, while the role of dairy SFA are unclear. Conclusions: Most current guidelines advice replacing foods rich in SFA with foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids to prevent CVD. The effects of reducing SFA intake is likely mediated by which macronutrients or food sources replaced. Questions remain regarding possible differential effects of various food sources containing SFA.
PO178. ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS METABOLISM IS MODIFIED BY QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF DIETARY LIPIDS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS Javier Lopez-Moreno, Francisco Gomez-Delgad, Carolina FernandezGandara, Antonio Camargo, Andrea Corina, Juan F. Alcala-Diaz, Javier Delgado-Lista, Carmen Marin, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Elena M. YuberoSerrano. Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Aim: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute in the origin and progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Lifestyle, including diet, has shown be effective in preventing the development of MetS. We investigated whether dietary fat quantity and quality modifies AGEs metabolism in MetS patients. Methods: 75 MetS patients were randomized to one of four diets for 12weeks: high-SFA (HSFA), high MUFA (HMUFA), and two low-fat, high-
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complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) with and without supplemented with 1.24 g/day of long-chain n-3 PUFA. After 12 h fasting, patients received a test meal reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the longdietary period. Dietary AGEs, serum AGEs [methylglyoxal (MG) and Ncarboxymethyllysine (CML) levels, AGER1, RAGE, GloxI and Sirt1 mRNA levels were determined after a 12-hour fast and 4-hours after a test meal at the end of the intervention. Results: HMUFA diet had the lowest and HSFA provided the highest levels of dietary AGEs with an intermediate effect for LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets. Fasting and postprandial serum AGEs and mRNA levels of AGER1, GloxI and Sirt1 were lower after HMUFA diet and higher after HSFA diet and were intermediate after both LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results show that a HMUFA diet has a protective effect against oxidative stress/inflammation, providing low AGE content and reducing circulating AGE concentrations, coincident with modulation of the genes related to AGEs metabolism. These findings support recommendations to consume a HMUFA diet as a therapeutic approach to reduce the incidence of MetS and related chronic diseases.
PO179. ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM ANTARCTIC KRILL IN APOE-DEFICIENT MICE Giulia Chiesa1, Bodil Biorndal2, Giulia S. Ganzetti1, Federica Dellera1, Stefano Manzini1, Marco Busnelli1, Marie Ramsvik2, 3, Inge Bruheim3, Rolf K. Berge2, Cinzia Parolini1. 1 Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy; 2 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 3 Rimfrost AS, Fosnavaag, Norway Aim: Antarctic krill is a great source of EPA and DHA and is characterized by a high-quality protein content, whose biological effects have not been explored. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Antarctic krill components on plasma lipids and atherosclerosis development. Methods: Sixty apoEKO mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed, for 12 weeks, with Western diet (CONTROL) or diets identical to the Western diet except for the protein or fat content. Specifically, the amount of casein or fat in CONTROL was partially replaced by krill proteins (PRO), krill oil (KRILL OIL), or both (KRILL OIL+PRO). Results: In KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL mice, cholesterol levels at 6 and 12 weeks of dietary treatment were significantly lower than those of CONTROL and PRO animals. Steatosis, commonly present in CONTROL and PRO animals, was sporadic in KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL mice (p<0.005). Atherosclerosis development in aorta of PRO, KRILL OIL and KRILL OIL+PRO mice was strongly reduced vs CONTROL (p<0.005), whereas, at the aortic sinus, a significant reduction in lesion area was only observed in KRILL OIL mice compared with CONTROL (-22.6%, p<0.05). Krill oil containing diets affected the expression of several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Krill oil containing diets were able to reduce cholesterol levels, inhibit plaque development and prevent liver damage. Krill proteins also reduced atherosclerosis development through mechanisms not involving lipid metabolism.
PO180. INFLUENCE OF COMBINE ORAL CARBOHYDRATE AND PHYSICAL LOAD ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, HEMOSTASIS, INFLAMMATION AND BLOOD LIPIDS IN HEALTHY MEN AND CHD Marina Bubnova, David Aronov, Natalia Perova, Natalia Logunova. National Reseach Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia Aim: To study the effect of combine carbohydrate and physical load (CCPL) on iinsulin, platelet aggregation (PA) , fibrinogen (F), high sensitivity Creactive protein (hsCRP), end-metabolites of NOx and lipids in healthy men and CHD pts with normal and impaired tolerance to glucose (NTG). Methods: 43 men were included in the study, 15 of them were healthy (1 gr), 14 pts had CHD I-II FC with normal normal tolerance to carbohydrate (2 gr) and 14 NTG (3 gr) . All pts underwent standard glucose load (GL) of 75 g
Results: After 4 weeks, CMG administration resulted in decreased serum glucose and triglyceride levels in both LdM and HdM groups. At the end of the experiment, LdM presented significantly lower serum glucose and ameliorated lipidemic profile compared with control group. Adiponectin levels at the end of the experiment did not differ between control and both treated groups, while interleukin-6 was significantly lower in LdM group compared with the control group. Hepatic steatosis observed in control group was partially reversed in both CMG groups. Conclusions: CMG administration in low dosages improves metabolic disturbances and exerts anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic mice while alleviating hepatic damage.
PO177. RECOMMENDATIONS ON DIETARY SATURATED FATS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION IN DIETARY GUIDELINES WORLD-WIDE Erik Arnesen1, Jøran Hjelmeseæth2, Kjetil Retterstøl3. 1 Norwegian Association for Heart and Lung Disease (LHL) and the National Nutrition Council, Oslo, Norway; 2 Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust and Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Tønsberg, Norway; 3 Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo and Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway Aim: We aimed to review recommendations on saturated fatty acids (SFA) in dietary guidelines world-wide from 2010 through 2016, and to compare these with recent meta-analyses/systematic reviews on SFA and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We systematically assessed 1) recommendations on fats/SFA in recent national dietary guidelines world-wide; 2) evidence-based guidelines for primary prevention of chronic diseases; and 3) meta-analyses (MA)/systematic reviews (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies published from 2010 through September 2016. Primary outcomes and exposures were incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or death, and intakes of SFA and dairy products, respectively. Results: We included 16 nutrient-based and 18 food-based guidelines, as well as 14 MA/SR on SFA and CVD and 8 MA/SR on dairy products and CVD. All food-based guidelines recommend a mainly plant-based, nutrientdense diet. The majority (~95 %) recommends vegetable oils/unsaturated fats to replace saturated fats, while 83 % specifically recommend low-fat dairy products. Recommended intakes of SFA are 10 E%, or no specific target. MA of RCT and cohort studies supported an increased dietary PUFA:SFA ratio for primary prevention of CHD. MA of cohort studies reported beneficial associations between dairy products, low-fat dairy and cheese and CVD, while the role of dairy SFA are unclear. Conclusions: Most current guidelines advice replacing foods rich in SFA with foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids to prevent CVD. The effects of reducing SFA intake is likely mediated by which macronutrients or food sources replaced. Questions remain regarding possible differential effects of various food sources containing SFA.
PO178. ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS METABOLISM IS MODIFIED BY QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF DIETARY LIPIDS IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS Javier Lopez-Moreno, Francisco Gomez-Delgad, Carolina FernandezGandara, Antonio Camargo, Andrea Corina, Juan F. Alcala-Diaz, Javier Delgado-Lista, Carmen Marin, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Elena M. YuberoSerrano. Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain Aim: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute in the origin and progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Lifestyle, including diet, has shown be effective in preventing the development of MetS. We investigated whether dietary fat quantity and quality modifies AGEs metabolism in MetS patients. Methods: 75 MetS patients were randomized to one of four diets for 12weeks: high-SFA (HSFA), high MUFA (HMUFA), and two low-fat, high-
e167
complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) with and without supplemented with 1.24 g/day of long-chain n-3 PUFA. After 12 h fasting, patients received a test meal reflecting the fatty acid composition of the diet ingested in the longdietary period. Dietary AGEs, serum AGEs [methylglyoxal (MG) and Ncarboxymethyllysine (CML) levels, AGER1, RAGE, GloxI and Sirt1 mRNA levels were determined after a 12-hour fast and 4-hours after a test meal at the end of the intervention. Results: HMUFA diet had the lowest and HSFA provided the highest levels of dietary AGEs with an intermediate effect for LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets. Fasting and postprandial serum AGEs and mRNA levels of AGER1, GloxI and Sirt1 were lower after HMUFA diet and higher after HSFA diet and were intermediate after both LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results show that a HMUFA diet has a protective effect against oxidative stress/inflammation, providing low AGE content and reducing circulating AGE concentrations, coincident with modulation of the genes related to AGEs metabolism. These findings support recommendations to consume a HMUFA diet as a therapeutic approach to reduce the incidence of MetS and related chronic diseases.
PO179. ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM ANTARCTIC KRILL IN APOE-DEFICIENT MICE Giulia Chiesa1, Bodil Biorndal2, Giulia S. Ganzetti1, Federica Dellera1, Stefano Manzini1, Marco Busnelli1, Marie Ramsvik2, 3, Inge Bruheim3, Rolf K. Berge2, Cinzia Parolini1. 1 Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy; 2 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 3 Rimfrost AS, Fosnavaag, Norway Aim: Antarctic krill is a great source of EPA and DHA and is characterized by a high-quality protein content, whose biological effects have not been explored. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Antarctic krill components on plasma lipids and atherosclerosis development. Methods: Sixty apoEKO mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed, for 12 weeks, with Western diet (CONTROL) or diets identical to the Western diet except for the protein or fat content. Specifically, the amount of casein or fat in CONTROL was partially replaced by krill proteins (PRO), krill oil (KRILL OIL), or both (KRILL OIL+PRO). Results: In KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL mice, cholesterol levels at 6 and 12 weeks of dietary treatment were significantly lower than those of CONTROL and PRO animals. Steatosis, commonly present in CONTROL and PRO animals, was sporadic in KRILL OIL+PRO and KRILL OIL mice (p<0.005). Atherosclerosis development in aorta of PRO, KRILL OIL and KRILL OIL+PRO mice was strongly reduced vs CONTROL (p<0.005), whereas, at the aortic sinus, a significant reduction in lesion area was only observed in KRILL OIL mice compared with CONTROL (-22.6%, p<0.05). Krill oil containing diets affected the expression of several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Krill oil containing diets were able to reduce cholesterol levels, inhibit plaque development and prevent liver damage. Krill proteins also reduced atherosclerosis development through mechanisms not involving lipid metabolism.
PO180. INFLUENCE OF COMBINE ORAL CARBOHYDRATE AND PHYSICAL LOAD ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, HEMOSTASIS, INFLAMMATION AND BLOOD LIPIDS IN HEALTHY MEN AND CHD Marina Bubnova, David Aronov, Natalia Perova, Natalia Logunova. National Reseach Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia Aim: To study the effect of combine carbohydrate and physical load (CCPL) on iinsulin, platelet aggregation (PA) , fibrinogen (F), high sensitivity Creactive protein (hsCRP), end-metabolites of NOx and lipids in healthy men and CHD pts with normal and impaired tolerance to glucose (NTG). Methods: 43 men were included in the study, 15 of them were healthy (1 gr), 14 pts had CHD I-II FC with normal normal tolerance to carbohydrate (2 gr) and 14 NTG (3 gr) . All pts underwent standard glucose load (GL) of 75 g