- Email: [email protected]
Reinforcing materials
Irradiation method for the production of fibre-reinforced polymeric composites Lemelson, J. It. US Pat 3 676 249 (11 Jul
1972) A p o l y m e r is continuously ted in sheet form, a plurality of fibres being encapsulated by p o l y m e r on a c o n t i n u o u s basis. Composites are irradiated to improve physical properties and improve thc bond between resin and fibre
Reinforced polystyrene foam laminates Blomners, E. (Koppers Co Inc) US Pat 3 676 284 (11 Jul 1972) This composite consists o f a layer o f foamed polystyrene, a layer o f glass cloth and an adhesive layer f o r m e d from (a) a resin mixture o f polysulphide and a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer. and (b) a hardener for the resin mixture. This hardener can also be used for coating the foam. Glass-fibre reinforced elastomers Flautt, M. C. and Moran, L . G . (OwensCorning Fiberglas Corp) US Pat 3 6 76 287
(11 Jul 1972) Individual glass fibres are treated with a microcrystalline polyamide, a lubricant and an organo-silicone coupling agent and a gel agent to form a thin coating on the fibre followed by proccssing into bundles and coating with elastomcr.
Laminated articles Gruber, B. A. (Monsanto Co) USPat
3 676 293 i l l Jul 1972) Skeletal fibrous silicon carbide in cubic crystalline form with length to diameter ratio of above 5 is intimately b o n d e d with at least one layer o f carbon. These laminates have e x t r e m e strength and temperature stability and find application in rocket nose cones and missiles.
Process for carbonisation of a stabilised acrylic fibrous material Ram, M. J. and Riggs, J. P. (Celanese Corp) US Pat 3 676 295 i l l Jul 1972) Continuous lengths o f inherently hydroscopic stabilized acrylic h o m o or copolymcr is rapidly carbonized to yield fibre with improved physical properties. The fibre is pre-dried immediately before carbonizing in an inert atmosphere followed by graphitization.
UK PA TEN TS
concrete composites, up to 30 wt ~ resulting in heat and s o u n d p r o o f and high strength or porous materials. See also UK Pat 1 277180, Reinforcing materials Young, M. A. (Dunlop Holdings Ltd)
UK Pat I 273 556 (10 May 1972) The reinforcing material is c h o p p e d multifilament encapsulated textile yarns of Rayon. The encapsulation m e d i u m is an elastic polymer with a Poisson ratio of above 0-45 at tensile strains of below 5%, sufficient penetration occurring to bond 30% of the yarn filaments. See also UK Pat 1 273 884.
Plastic concrete mixes Farber, M. F. and Gun, R. B. (Institut Neftekhimicheskoi i Gazavoi Promyrshlennosti lmeni I. M. Cubkina Moscow) UK Pat 1 2 7 4 3 2 6 (17May 1972) The composite consists o f an organic resin, plasticiser, inert fillers (asbestos, sand) and a solvent. The plasticizer is an aromatic extract residue with one or more c o m p o n e n t s selected from petrolatum, ceresine, or asphalts. Tungsten betide containing articles and production thereof Mandineau, D. P. It. and Mourey, M. Y. C. (Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris) UK Pat 1 274 696 (17May 1972) A filament is prepared consisting essentially of one or more tungsten borides o f which above 80% is W2B s. A core of tungsten surrounded by borides is heated to 1 050 1 150°C for sufficient time to convert part o f the tungsten to tungsten borides, P r o d u c t m n o f carbon filaments Doyle, A. J. (Morganite R and D Ltd)
UK Pat 1 274 847 (17May 1972) High strength, very high m o d u l u s carbon fibre is produced by carbonizing polyacrylonitrile filaments at 900°C in a nonoxidizing atmosphere. After formation, the carbon fibre is cooled at a rate in excess of 1 0 0 0 ° C/h.
Sound absorptive material Foone, B. and Jesper, A. C. (Rolls Royce Ltd) UK Pat 1 2 7 4 8 7 1 ( 1 7 M a y 1972) A sound absorptive material consists o f two or more layers o f angularly displaced resin bonded glass fibre cloth. One face is coated with corrosion resistant material, the o t h e r bonded to a cellular h o n e y c o m b Carbonitride coatings Bloom, J. A. (Texas I n s t r u m e n t s lnc)
Reinforced articles Haley, D. (Triton Plastics Ltd) UK Pat I 272 749 (3May 1972) A reinforced composite consists o f a sheet base m e m b e r , a mass o f wires extending on one surace o f this m e m b e r and a fibre reinforced resin sheet overlying the wircs and being secured to the base member. Applications include boards and panels for constructional use.
Substrates such as missile nose cones and turbine blades are treated with an organic vapour containing silicon, boron and the transition metals in groups IVB, VB, VIB and nitrogen in the reactive state yielding a solid coating o f thermal and oxidative resistant carbonitridc.
Artificial mineral fibres De Mercillac, A. C. J. and Delfosse, C. (Ciments Lafarge) UK Pat 1 273 205 (3 May 1972) l:ibres are obtained by fibrillation o f molten oxides, the fibres being nonvitreous and having Wollastonite as the main c o m p o n e n t . These are useful in
Process for the m a n u f a c t u r e of carbon fibres ( A K Z O N V ) UK Pal I 374 963 (17May 1972) An organic fibre consisting mainly o f poly-(2, 6-diphenylparaphenylene oxide) is carbonized in an oxygen-free atmosphere above 4 8 0 ° C tollowing a preliminary
COMPOSITES . JANUARY
1973
UK Pat 1 274 947 (17May 1972)
oxidation in the range 3 0 0 - 4 8 0 ° C . The weight loss is lower than for o t h e r processes. A composite material and m e t h o d of making same (Battelle Memorial Institute) UK Pat
1 275 014 (24May 1972) A composite consists o f a solid matrix (metal, alloy, cement, etc) containing embedded porous carbon bodies o f low density which occupy the major volume of the composite, these being formed from non-oxidative carbonization o f porous bodies (phenolics).
Process for carbonizing cellulose fibre material (Nitto Boseki Co) US Pat 1 27.5 080
(24 May 1972) Cellulose fibre is treated with strengthincreasing agents and heated at 2 0 0 - 3 5 0 " ( " in an oxidizing atmosphere and then to l 000 ° C in an inert atmosphere. These agents are a m m o n i a c o m p o u n d s either alone or mixed with an amine or an amine and an acid.
Reinforcing materials Young, M. A. (Dunlop ttoldings Ltd) UK Pat 1 275 258 (24 May 1972) Chopped brittle reinforcing carbon fibres are impregnated with an elastomer of Poisson ratio above 0.45 at tensile strains below 5%, filaments having a specific m o d u l u s o f more than 200 x 106 in.
A high tensile metal fibre laminate (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg- Nurnberg AG)
UK Pat I 275 376 (24May 1972) A metal or metal alloy (nickel-iron) matrix has high tensile fibre (boron, carbon) e m b e d d e d by heat and/or pressure t r e a t m e n t where the coefficient of thermal expansion o f both are substantially equal and so low that no shear stress occurs between each. Fibrous reinforcing c o m p o n e n t s for reinforced plastic De Vlam, P. H. M. UK Pat 1 2 7.5 705 (24May 1972) Fibrous reinforcement consists o f two or more layers. One layer o f carbon or glass fibres in mainly one direction where tile fibres are loosely connected by stitches formed by one or more threads and where the threads completely penetrate the layers. A method of producing fibrous board (Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp) UK Pat
I 275 957 (1 Jun 1972) Discontinuous fibres from molten glass are directed downwards, admixed with a heat settable resin binder, s o m e mixed with discrete proportions o f c o n t i n u o u s glass strand and collected transversely as a pack, some o f the fibre strand forming a distinct layer separate from the rest. The pack is set by heat and pressure to stabilize dimensionally.
Method of forming an aerofoil-shaped blade Palfreyman, J. and Middleton, 11. E. (Rolls Royce Ltd) UK Pat 1 276 356 (1 Jun 1972) Aerofoil-shaped blades for fluid flow machines consist of several layers of helically-wound carbon fibre r o u n d a
45
1972) A p o l y m e r is continuously ted in sheet form, a plurality of fibres being encapsulated by p o l y m e r on a c o n t i n u o u s basis. Composites are irradiated to improve physical properties and improve thc bond between resin and fibre
Reinforced polystyrene foam laminates Blomners, E. (Koppers Co Inc) US Pat 3 676 284 (11 Jul 1972) This composite consists o f a layer o f foamed polystyrene, a layer o f glass cloth and an adhesive layer f o r m e d from (a) a resin mixture o f polysulphide and a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer. and (b) a hardener for the resin mixture. This hardener can also be used for coating the foam. Glass-fibre reinforced elastomers Flautt, M. C. and Moran, L . G . (OwensCorning Fiberglas Corp) US Pat 3 6 76 287
(11 Jul 1972) Individual glass fibres are treated with a microcrystalline polyamide, a lubricant and an organo-silicone coupling agent and a gel agent to form a thin coating on the fibre followed by proccssing into bundles and coating with elastomcr.
Laminated articles Gruber, B. A. (Monsanto Co) USPat
3 676 293 i l l Jul 1972) Skeletal fibrous silicon carbide in cubic crystalline form with length to diameter ratio of above 5 is intimately b o n d e d with at least one layer o f carbon. These laminates have e x t r e m e strength and temperature stability and find application in rocket nose cones and missiles.
Process for carbonisation of a stabilised acrylic fibrous material Ram, M. J. and Riggs, J. P. (Celanese Corp) US Pat 3 676 295 i l l Jul 1972) Continuous lengths o f inherently hydroscopic stabilized acrylic h o m o or copolymcr is rapidly carbonized to yield fibre with improved physical properties. The fibre is pre-dried immediately before carbonizing in an inert atmosphere followed by graphitization.
UK PA TEN TS
concrete composites, up to 30 wt ~ resulting in heat and s o u n d p r o o f and high strength or porous materials. See also UK Pat 1 277180, Reinforcing materials Young, M. A. (Dunlop Holdings Ltd)
UK Pat I 273 556 (10 May 1972) The reinforcing material is c h o p p e d multifilament encapsulated textile yarns of Rayon. The encapsulation m e d i u m is an elastic polymer with a Poisson ratio of above 0-45 at tensile strains of below 5%, sufficient penetration occurring to bond 30% of the yarn filaments. See also UK Pat 1 273 884.
Plastic concrete mixes Farber, M. F. and Gun, R. B. (Institut Neftekhimicheskoi i Gazavoi Promyrshlennosti lmeni I. M. Cubkina Moscow) UK Pat 1 2 7 4 3 2 6 (17May 1972) The composite consists o f an organic resin, plasticiser, inert fillers (asbestos, sand) and a solvent. The plasticizer is an aromatic extract residue with one or more c o m p o n e n t s selected from petrolatum, ceresine, or asphalts. Tungsten betide containing articles and production thereof Mandineau, D. P. It. and Mourey, M. Y. C. (Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris) UK Pat 1 274 696 (17May 1972) A filament is prepared consisting essentially of one or more tungsten borides o f which above 80% is W2B s. A core of tungsten surrounded by borides is heated to 1 050 1 150°C for sufficient time to convert part o f the tungsten to tungsten borides, P r o d u c t m n o f carbon filaments Doyle, A. J. (Morganite R and D Ltd)
UK Pat 1 274 847 (17May 1972) High strength, very high m o d u l u s carbon fibre is produced by carbonizing polyacrylonitrile filaments at 900°C in a nonoxidizing atmosphere. After formation, the carbon fibre is cooled at a rate in excess of 1 0 0 0 ° C/h.
Sound absorptive material Foone, B. and Jesper, A. C. (Rolls Royce Ltd) UK Pat 1 2 7 4 8 7 1 ( 1 7 M a y 1972) A sound absorptive material consists o f two or more layers o f angularly displaced resin bonded glass fibre cloth. One face is coated with corrosion resistant material, the o t h e r bonded to a cellular h o n e y c o m b Carbonitride coatings Bloom, J. A. (Texas I n s t r u m e n t s lnc)
Reinforced articles Haley, D. (Triton Plastics Ltd) UK Pat I 272 749 (3May 1972) A reinforced composite consists o f a sheet base m e m b e r , a mass o f wires extending on one surace o f this m e m b e r and a fibre reinforced resin sheet overlying the wircs and being secured to the base member. Applications include boards and panels for constructional use.
Substrates such as missile nose cones and turbine blades are treated with an organic vapour containing silicon, boron and the transition metals in groups IVB, VB, VIB and nitrogen in the reactive state yielding a solid coating o f thermal and oxidative resistant carbonitridc.
Artificial mineral fibres De Mercillac, A. C. J. and Delfosse, C. (Ciments Lafarge) UK Pat 1 273 205 (3 May 1972) l:ibres are obtained by fibrillation o f molten oxides, the fibres being nonvitreous and having Wollastonite as the main c o m p o n e n t . These are useful in
Process for the m a n u f a c t u r e of carbon fibres ( A K Z O N V ) UK Pal I 374 963 (17May 1972) An organic fibre consisting mainly o f poly-(2, 6-diphenylparaphenylene oxide) is carbonized in an oxygen-free atmosphere above 4 8 0 ° C tollowing a preliminary
COMPOSITES . JANUARY
1973
UK Pat 1 274 947 (17May 1972)
oxidation in the range 3 0 0 - 4 8 0 ° C . The weight loss is lower than for o t h e r processes. A composite material and m e t h o d of making same (Battelle Memorial Institute) UK Pat
1 275 014 (24May 1972) A composite consists o f a solid matrix (metal, alloy, cement, etc) containing embedded porous carbon bodies o f low density which occupy the major volume of the composite, these being formed from non-oxidative carbonization o f porous bodies (phenolics).
Process for carbonizing cellulose fibre material (Nitto Boseki Co) US Pat 1 27.5 080
(24 May 1972) Cellulose fibre is treated with strengthincreasing agents and heated at 2 0 0 - 3 5 0 " ( " in an oxidizing atmosphere and then to l 000 ° C in an inert atmosphere. These agents are a m m o n i a c o m p o u n d s either alone or mixed with an amine or an amine and an acid.
Reinforcing materials Young, M. A. (Dunlop ttoldings Ltd) UK Pat 1 275 258 (24 May 1972) Chopped brittle reinforcing carbon fibres are impregnated with an elastomer of Poisson ratio above 0.45 at tensile strains below 5%, filaments having a specific m o d u l u s o f more than 200 x 106 in.
A high tensile metal fibre laminate (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg- Nurnberg AG)
UK Pat I 275 376 (24May 1972) A metal or metal alloy (nickel-iron) matrix has high tensile fibre (boron, carbon) e m b e d d e d by heat and/or pressure t r e a t m e n t where the coefficient of thermal expansion o f both are substantially equal and so low that no shear stress occurs between each. Fibrous reinforcing c o m p o n e n t s for reinforced plastic De Vlam, P. H. M. UK Pat 1 2 7.5 705 (24May 1972) Fibrous reinforcement consists o f two or more layers. One layer o f carbon or glass fibres in mainly one direction where tile fibres are loosely connected by stitches formed by one or more threads and where the threads completely penetrate the layers. A method of producing fibrous board (Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp) UK Pat
I 275 957 (1 Jun 1972) Discontinuous fibres from molten glass are directed downwards, admixed with a heat settable resin binder, s o m e mixed with discrete proportions o f c o n t i n u o u s glass strand and collected transversely as a pack, some o f the fibre strand forming a distinct layer separate from the rest. The pack is set by heat and pressure to stabilize dimensionally.
Method of forming an aerofoil-shaped blade Palfreyman, J. and Middleton, 11. E. (Rolls Royce Ltd) UK Pat 1 276 356 (1 Jun 1972) Aerofoil-shaped blades for fluid flow machines consist of several layers of helically-wound carbon fibre r o u n d a
45