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Remarques sur les minéreaux argileux des sédiments fluviatiles et marins de la région du Bas-Rhône
740
Oceanographic Abstracts
dispar is a male at 1½ yrs, attaining a total length of 136 mm and body weight of 6.5 g; at 30 months, in the female phase, the length is 169mm and weight 16-3 g. Pandalusjordani matures as a male, and to a lesser extent a female, at about 18 months, reaching a length of 105 m m and weight of 3"8 g; at 2½ yrs all are in the female phase, averaging 118 m m in total length and 5"8 g in body weight. P. platyceros is fast a male at 1½ yrs, attaining a length o f 140 m m and weight of 14.2 g; most remain as males for another year, and at 3½ yrs the total length of 180 n u n and weight 35.5 g. Panda/us hypsinotus matures as a male, and to some extent as a female, at about 1½ yrs, at a total length of 124 m m and weight of 10.3 g; at 30 months the length is 130 turn and weight 12"7 g. Almost as many females as males of P. borea/is mature at l½ yrs attaining a length of 95 m m and weight of 3.2 g; at 30 months, in the female phase, the length is 119 m m and weight 6.1 g. Panda~us danae matures fast as a male, and to some extent as a female, at 1½ yrs, reaching 88 m m in length and 4-4 g; in the female phase, at 2½ yrs the length is 105 m m and weight 8.5 g. Growth of P. montagui tridens, P. stenolepis, and 1). goniurus is uncertain, but all undergo sexual changes. Growth as related to habitat and early maturing of females as related to geographic and bathymetric ranges are discussed CALLA/dE B., 1965. Sur la diffusion des gaz ~ l'interieure des s~diments marins. C. R. Acad.
Sci. Paris, 260 (4): 1220--1225. L'influence de la granulom&rie des s~diments sur le taux de diffusion des gaz est &udide par la mdthode de l'indicateur color~. Les sddiments impermdables cornme les argiles perrnettent une diffusion mol6culaire aussi ou plus importante que les s~diments permdables plus grossiers (sables). CARPEr,rr~R J. H., 1965. The accuracy o f the Winkler method for dissolved oxygen analysis.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 10 (1) : 135-140. The potential errors in the various techniques for the Winkler method have been examined and a new technique developed. The accuracy o f this technique has been tested by comparison with standards based on dissolving known quantities of oxygen in oxygen-free water. An accuracy of 0-I per cent was observed, so the technique appears suitable for oxygen analyses requiring an accuracy of greater than the 3-5 per cent observed with the common techniques. CASTLE P. H. J., 1964. Eels and eel-larvae of the Tui Oceanographic Cruise, 1962, to the South Fiji Basin. Trans. Roy. Soc., N.Z.,Zool., 5 (7): 71-84. The collection includes twenty-nine adult eels, referable to Nemichthys scolopaceus, Borodinula infans, B. gilli, Serrivomer bertini, Anarchias verraiformis, Gymnothorax griffini and Muraenichthys australis. It also includes twelve leptocephali, referable to Cyema atrum, Nemichthys scolopaceus,
Nettastroma melanurum, ?Muraenichthys australis, Gnathophis incognitus, Ariosoma anago, Conger cinereus cinereus and one other congrid larva, Leptocephalus stenorhynchus, the adult of which has not yet b.~en determined. A new species of Leptocephalus, unique amongst known eel-larvae in having a conspicuously short eye and probably belonging to the Nemichthyidae, is described.
CAtrOg R. and G. SEQUIN) 1964. Note sur la r6partition annuelle des Copdpodes pelagiques des eaux de Dakar. Rec. Tray. Sta. Mar. Endoume, 34 (50): 211-217. La rdgion c6ti/~re de D a k a r est soumise ~t uric alternance saisonni~re de masses d'eaux aux caractdristtiques bien diffdrentes et auxquelles correspondent des milieux biologiques particuliers. Ainsi, parmi les cop~podes p61agiques certaines formes caract~risent les eaux froides raises en place pendant l'hiver ou ~. l'occasion d'upwelling.' C'est le cas de Ca/anoides carinatus, dent l'abondance est souvent consid6rable. I1 est probable que cette abondance, j o i n t e / t la forte valeur nutritive que repr6sente chaque individu pour les poissons planctonophages, donne ~t l'espece un grand role dans l'economie des eaux sdndgalaises en pdriode froide, comparable un peu ~t celui de l'esl~ce Ca~anus finmarchicus Gunner dans les eaux bordales. CAWLEg .r. I4. and D. T. BRAg, 1965..Design for a free fall instrument package.
Undersea
TechnoL, 6 (2): 18-21. Some rather simple calculations followed by some expzrimental results indicate that by choosing a free sinking device with a spherical nose and cylindrical body of sufficient weight it is quite practical to predict its vertical fall rate through sea water to an accuracy of the order of 5 to 10 per cent. Changes in density and viscosity should produce variations in sink velocity no greater than 1 to 2 per cent. CHAMLEY 14., 1964. Remarques sur les mindreaux argileux des sddiments fluviatiles et marins de la r~gion du Bas-Rh6ne. Rec. Tray. Sta. Mar., Endoume, 34 (50): 263-270. Les min~reaux argileaux des sddiments du Bas-Rh6ne et des fends au large du fleuve sent tres voisins. L'illite, dominante, et la chlorite, ferment l'essentiel de la fraction silicatde inf&-ieure b. deux microns. La kaolinite est d'importance secondalre. Ces mindraux sent bien cristallisds. Leur origine est ddtritique. Les proportions relatives des mindreaux argileux varient tr~bs peu, depuis Aries jusqu'au large darts l a m e r . Cela s'explique, d'une part du falt clue la nature superficielle des prdl/~vements et la proximitd du continent ne permettent gu/~re d'intervention du facteur temps; d'autre part, b. cause
Oceanographic Abstracts
74l
de la qualit~ m~me des argiles, surtout illitiques, sur lesquelles le milieu marin n'est capable d'agir, semble-t-il, que par une rOgularisation des r~seaux. Nous notons cependant que les assemblages interstratifi~s irr6guliers, presents en faible quantit6 montrent une certalne tendance ~t 6voluer vers l'illite, au contact des eaux salves. Nous sommes tent*s d'attribuer ~t ce fait une cause chimique, tel le garnissage des feuillets par les ions potassium de l'eau de mer. La t~nuit6 de phOnomOne engage cependant ~t la prudence, et on peut se demander si d'autres facteurs que ceux introduits par le millieu chimique n'interviennenet pas. Le facteur hydrodynamique agit peut-~tre par un tri granulomOtrique, ou la taille des lamelles argileuses par la modification des propriOtOs physiques d'expansion. Le phOnomOne observ6 nOcessite, ~ cause de sa discrOtion, une 6rude plus approfondie, tant de larigueur de l'expOrimentation que que du milieu chimique environnant les sediments. CHAa"rOPADHYAY N. N., 1964. On the effect of continuous diffusion of salt nuclei into the atmosphere on local rainfall, lnd. ,r. Met. Geophys., 15 (3): 381-392. It is generally recognised that the presence of salt nuclei in clouds has a powerful influence on rain formation. With a view to finding out whether continuous diffusion of salt nuclei into the air from a powerful atomizer, placed at a height of 60 ft above ground, which is fed by salt solution and worked by compressed air at 20 atm would have any effect on local rainfall, experiments were undertaken at the J'adavpur University in 1958 and 1959. The atomizer was kept in continuous action throughout daylight hours during April to October in 1958 and during July to October in 1959. During 1958 and 1959 West Bengal had deficient monsoon rainfall. The departures of rainfall from the normal in each of the months, during which the experiments were done, were plotted and the lines o f equal departures were drawn. These showed that the curves of least negative departures and in some cases highest positive departures were generally oval-shaped extending from north of Calcutta to a distance of about 100 miles towards the prevailing wind direction, in all the months in which the experiments were done. This suggested that this oval-shaped area received more rainfall than the neighbouring proportion of which reached cloud levels after a travel of short distance from south Calcutta, it is considered that this factor may have contributed to the increase in rainfall. CRAVE K. E. and B. D. WrmeLZR, JR., 1965. Mineralogi~ changes during growth in the red alga, Clathromorphum compactum. Science, 147 (3658): 621. The amount of magnesium in the skeletal calcite of the encrusting marine red alga, Chlathromorphum compactum varies s~asonally in response to changes in water temperature. X-ray diffraction analyses of serial samples of this alga collected in the G u l f of Maine indicate more than a 40 per cent change in composition during a year and demonstrate a more rapid calcification during warmer periods. CHAYr.s F. and D. VELDE, 1965. On distinguishing basaltic lavas of circurn-oceanic and oceanicisland type by means of discriminant functions. Amer. d. Sci., 263 (3): 206-222. The basaltic lavas of the oceanic-island environment are much richer in titania than those found on the landward flanks of the great deeps margining the open oceans. Exceptions to this rule are rare; examination o f a large body of data indicates t h a t the efficiency of a classification based solely on TiO~ content would be nearly 93 per cent. Neither any other single oxide nor any unweighted combination of oxides other t h a n TiOz approaches the efficiency of TiO~. Extensive discriminant functions calculations indicate : 1. Weighted linear combinations which include Tie2 may be slight improvement over TiO~ alone. 2. Any combination of oxides which does not include Tie2 is far less effective than Tie2 alone. Cvlr.SsEt.rr R. a n d C. LnLou, 1965. ROle du " d & r i t u s " dans la fixation de radioOlOments dans le milieu matin. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 260 (4): 1225-1227. Le rOle du ' d e t r i t u s ' comme tr~s important agent de conceptation de certains radio~lOments artificiels prO'sents d a m le milieu matin tels que les cOriums 141 et 144, le pras~.dyme 144, les rutheniums 103 et 106, le rhodium 106, le zirconium 95 et le niobium 95, a 6t6 mls en 6vidence. Le dOtritus servant en particulier de nourriture ~t la laurie benthique peut jouer un rOle essentiel darts le transfert de la radioactivit6 d a m la chaine alimentaire. CLAY C. S. a n d P. A. RONA, 1965. Studies of seismic reflections from thin layers on the ocean bottom in the western North Atlantic. d. Geophys. Res., 70 (4): 885-869. Ssismic reflection profiles were made of shallow, sub-bottom reflectors in three different physiographic provinces of the N o r t h Atlantic. In the Hatteras abyssal plain at 32 ° 42'N, 71 ° 30'N, a layer 0.16 km thick with velocity of about 1-7 kin/see was observed. The reflections from the thin sediments in the Blake-Bahama basin were too irregular for interval velocity analysis. Two reflecting layers o n the crest of the outer ridges at 29 ° 42'N, 73 ° 23'W, were observed at 0.06-kin a n d 0-11-kin sub-bottom depths. Interval velocities were measured to be 1.4 kin/see for the upper layer and 1.6 kin/see for the lower layer. Errors are estimated to be of the order of 4- 0.2 kin/see. F r o m the character of the outer ridge reflection profiles the sediments appear to be uniform laterally over distances of several kilometres.
Oceanographic Abstracts
dispar is a male at 1½ yrs, attaining a total length of 136 mm and body weight of 6.5 g; at 30 months, in the female phase, the length is 169mm and weight 16-3 g. Pandalusjordani matures as a male, and to a lesser extent a female, at about 18 months, reaching a length of 105 m m and weight of 3"8 g; at 2½ yrs all are in the female phase, averaging 118 m m in total length and 5"8 g in body weight. P. platyceros is fast a male at 1½ yrs, attaining a length o f 140 m m and weight of 14.2 g; most remain as males for another year, and at 3½ yrs the total length of 180 n u n and weight 35.5 g. Panda/us hypsinotus matures as a male, and to some extent as a female, at about 1½ yrs, at a total length of 124 m m and weight of 10.3 g; at 30 months the length is 130 turn and weight 12"7 g. Almost as many females as males of P. borea/is mature at l½ yrs attaining a length of 95 m m and weight of 3.2 g; at 30 months, in the female phase, the length is 119 m m and weight 6.1 g. Panda~us danae matures fast as a male, and to some extent as a female, at 1½ yrs, reaching 88 m m in length and 4-4 g; in the female phase, at 2½ yrs the length is 105 m m and weight 8.5 g. Growth of P. montagui tridens, P. stenolepis, and 1). goniurus is uncertain, but all undergo sexual changes. Growth as related to habitat and early maturing of females as related to geographic and bathymetric ranges are discussed CALLA/dE B., 1965. Sur la diffusion des gaz ~ l'interieure des s~diments marins. C. R. Acad.
Sci. Paris, 260 (4): 1220--1225. L'influence de la granulom&rie des s~diments sur le taux de diffusion des gaz est &udide par la mdthode de l'indicateur color~. Les sddiments impermdables cornme les argiles perrnettent une diffusion mol6culaire aussi ou plus importante que les s~diments permdables plus grossiers (sables). CARPEr,rr~R J. H., 1965. The accuracy o f the Winkler method for dissolved oxygen analysis.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 10 (1) : 135-140. The potential errors in the various techniques for the Winkler method have been examined and a new technique developed. The accuracy o f this technique has been tested by comparison with standards based on dissolving known quantities of oxygen in oxygen-free water. An accuracy of 0-I per cent was observed, so the technique appears suitable for oxygen analyses requiring an accuracy of greater than the 3-5 per cent observed with the common techniques. CASTLE P. H. J., 1964. Eels and eel-larvae of the Tui Oceanographic Cruise, 1962, to the South Fiji Basin. Trans. Roy. Soc., N.Z.,Zool., 5 (7): 71-84. The collection includes twenty-nine adult eels, referable to Nemichthys scolopaceus, Borodinula infans, B. gilli, Serrivomer bertini, Anarchias verraiformis, Gymnothorax griffini and Muraenichthys australis. It also includes twelve leptocephali, referable to Cyema atrum, Nemichthys scolopaceus,
Nettastroma melanurum, ?Muraenichthys australis, Gnathophis incognitus, Ariosoma anago, Conger cinereus cinereus and one other congrid larva, Leptocephalus stenorhynchus, the adult of which has not yet b.~en determined. A new species of Leptocephalus, unique amongst known eel-larvae in having a conspicuously short eye and probably belonging to the Nemichthyidae, is described.
CAtrOg R. and G. SEQUIN) 1964. Note sur la r6partition annuelle des Copdpodes pelagiques des eaux de Dakar. Rec. Tray. Sta. Mar. Endoume, 34 (50): 211-217. La rdgion c6ti/~re de D a k a r est soumise ~t uric alternance saisonni~re de masses d'eaux aux caractdristtiques bien diffdrentes et auxquelles correspondent des milieux biologiques particuliers. Ainsi, parmi les cop~podes p61agiques certaines formes caract~risent les eaux froides raises en place pendant l'hiver ou ~. l'occasion d'upwelling.' C'est le cas de Ca/anoides carinatus, dent l'abondance est souvent consid6rable. I1 est probable que cette abondance, j o i n t e / t la forte valeur nutritive que repr6sente chaque individu pour les poissons planctonophages, donne ~t l'espece un grand role dans l'economie des eaux sdndgalaises en pdriode froide, comparable un peu ~t celui de l'esl~ce Ca~anus finmarchicus Gunner dans les eaux bordales. CAWLEg .r. I4. and D. T. BRAg, 1965..Design for a free fall instrument package.
Undersea
TechnoL, 6 (2): 18-21. Some rather simple calculations followed by some expzrimental results indicate that by choosing a free sinking device with a spherical nose and cylindrical body of sufficient weight it is quite practical to predict its vertical fall rate through sea water to an accuracy of the order of 5 to 10 per cent. Changes in density and viscosity should produce variations in sink velocity no greater than 1 to 2 per cent. CHAMLEY 14., 1964. Remarques sur les mindreaux argileux des sddiments fluviatiles et marins de la r~gion du Bas-Rh6ne. Rec. Tray. Sta. Mar., Endoume, 34 (50): 263-270. Les min~reaux argileaux des sddiments du Bas-Rh6ne et des fends au large du fleuve sent tres voisins. L'illite, dominante, et la chlorite, ferment l'essentiel de la fraction silicatde inf&-ieure b. deux microns. La kaolinite est d'importance secondalre. Ces mindraux sent bien cristallisds. Leur origine est ddtritique. Les proportions relatives des mindreaux argileux varient tr~bs peu, depuis Aries jusqu'au large darts l a m e r . Cela s'explique, d'une part du falt clue la nature superficielle des prdl/~vements et la proximitd du continent ne permettent gu/~re d'intervention du facteur temps; d'autre part, b. cause
Oceanographic Abstracts
74l
de la qualit~ m~me des argiles, surtout illitiques, sur lesquelles le milieu marin n'est capable d'agir, semble-t-il, que par une rOgularisation des r~seaux. Nous notons cependant que les assemblages interstratifi~s irr6guliers, presents en faible quantit6 montrent une certalne tendance ~t 6voluer vers l'illite, au contact des eaux salves. Nous sommes tent*s d'attribuer ~t ce fait une cause chimique, tel le garnissage des feuillets par les ions potassium de l'eau de mer. La t~nuit6 de phOnomOne engage cependant ~t la prudence, et on peut se demander si d'autres facteurs que ceux introduits par le millieu chimique n'interviennenet pas. Le facteur hydrodynamique agit peut-~tre par un tri granulomOtrique, ou la taille des lamelles argileuses par la modification des propriOtOs physiques d'expansion. Le phOnomOne observ6 nOcessite, ~ cause de sa discrOtion, une 6rude plus approfondie, tant de larigueur de l'expOrimentation que que du milieu chimique environnant les sediments. CHAa"rOPADHYAY N. N., 1964. On the effect of continuous diffusion of salt nuclei into the atmosphere on local rainfall, lnd. ,r. Met. Geophys., 15 (3): 381-392. It is generally recognised that the presence of salt nuclei in clouds has a powerful influence on rain formation. With a view to finding out whether continuous diffusion of salt nuclei into the air from a powerful atomizer, placed at a height of 60 ft above ground, which is fed by salt solution and worked by compressed air at 20 atm would have any effect on local rainfall, experiments were undertaken at the J'adavpur University in 1958 and 1959. The atomizer was kept in continuous action throughout daylight hours during April to October in 1958 and during July to October in 1959. During 1958 and 1959 West Bengal had deficient monsoon rainfall. The departures of rainfall from the normal in each of the months, during which the experiments were done, were plotted and the lines o f equal departures were drawn. These showed that the curves of least negative departures and in some cases highest positive departures were generally oval-shaped extending from north of Calcutta to a distance of about 100 miles towards the prevailing wind direction, in all the months in which the experiments were done. This suggested that this oval-shaped area received more rainfall than the neighbouring proportion of which reached cloud levels after a travel of short distance from south Calcutta, it is considered that this factor may have contributed to the increase in rainfall. CRAVE K. E. and B. D. WrmeLZR, JR., 1965. Mineralogi~ changes during growth in the red alga, Clathromorphum compactum. Science, 147 (3658): 621. The amount of magnesium in the skeletal calcite of the encrusting marine red alga, Chlathromorphum compactum varies s~asonally in response to changes in water temperature. X-ray diffraction analyses of serial samples of this alga collected in the G u l f of Maine indicate more than a 40 per cent change in composition during a year and demonstrate a more rapid calcification during warmer periods. CHAYr.s F. and D. VELDE, 1965. On distinguishing basaltic lavas of circurn-oceanic and oceanicisland type by means of discriminant functions. Amer. d. Sci., 263 (3): 206-222. The basaltic lavas of the oceanic-island environment are much richer in titania than those found on the landward flanks of the great deeps margining the open oceans. Exceptions to this rule are rare; examination o f a large body of data indicates t h a t the efficiency of a classification based solely on TiO~ content would be nearly 93 per cent. Neither any other single oxide nor any unweighted combination of oxides other t h a n TiOz approaches the efficiency of TiO~. Extensive discriminant functions calculations indicate : 1. Weighted linear combinations which include Tie2 may be slight improvement over TiO~ alone. 2. Any combination of oxides which does not include Tie2 is far less effective than Tie2 alone. Cvlr.SsEt.rr R. a n d C. LnLou, 1965. ROle du " d & r i t u s " dans la fixation de radioOlOments dans le milieu matin. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 260 (4): 1225-1227. Le rOle du ' d e t r i t u s ' comme tr~s important agent de conceptation de certains radio~lOments artificiels prO'sents d a m le milieu matin tels que les cOriums 141 et 144, le pras~.dyme 144, les rutheniums 103 et 106, le rhodium 106, le zirconium 95 et le niobium 95, a 6t6 mls en 6vidence. Le dOtritus servant en particulier de nourriture ~t la laurie benthique peut jouer un rOle essentiel darts le transfert de la radioactivit6 d a m la chaine alimentaire. CLAY C. S. a n d P. A. RONA, 1965. Studies of seismic reflections from thin layers on the ocean bottom in the western North Atlantic. d. Geophys. Res., 70 (4): 885-869. Ssismic reflection profiles were made of shallow, sub-bottom reflectors in three different physiographic provinces of the N o r t h Atlantic. In the Hatteras abyssal plain at 32 ° 42'N, 71 ° 30'N, a layer 0.16 km thick with velocity of about 1-7 kin/see was observed. The reflections from the thin sediments in the Blake-Bahama basin were too irregular for interval velocity analysis. Two reflecting layers o n the crest of the outer ridges at 29 ° 42'N, 73 ° 23'W, were observed at 0.06-kin a n d 0-11-kin sub-bottom depths. Interval velocities were measured to be 1.4 kin/see for the upper layer and 1.6 kin/see for the lower layer. Errors are estimated to be of the order of 4- 0.2 kin/see. F r o m the character of the outer ridge reflection profiles the sediments appear to be uniform laterally over distances of several kilometres.