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Research Paper No. 45. Reprint from Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. Methods for analysis of petroleum
June, I920.]
BOOK R E V I E W S .
851
AN INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTAL ANALYSIS. By Sir William Bragg, K . B . E , D.Sc., F.R.S. I68 pages, illustrations, 8vo. New York, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., I929 . Price, $4.25. The text of this book is a report of a series of lectures given in 1926 at University College, Aberystwyth. Being intended for a general audience the subjects were treated in a somewhat elementary form. In preparing the material for publication, the t r e a t m e n t has been more extended and more varied. In the welter of publications on colloids it is agreeable to see something about crystals. Study of the intimate molecular structure of crystals dates from a comparatively recent period, Laue's work in I912 being here given as tile starting point. It is well known t h a t Sir William Bragg and his son, W. L. Bragg, have given a large a n m u n t of attention to the subject and added a great deal of inlportant and useful information. The principle has been extended to m a n y substances and it appears that, by means of the x-ray, crystal structure may be detected in a large n u m b e r of organized tissues. The literature of the subject is already very large and increasing rapidly. The author has found t h a t many who are not directly occupied with this line of investigation are yet nluch interested in its striking and valuable results. He has in this book set forth concisely and clearly the essential features of present day knowledge. This knowledge indicates the wide practical applications t h a t the methods possess, in view of the light thrown on the intimate structure of substances. Special efforts have been made to make clear the phraseology of the subject, as well from the point of view of the old systems of crystallography, as from that of the x-ray nlethods. It is, indeed informing to compare the modern representations of atomic distribution and association, now so familiar in writings on this subject, with the suggestions as to crystal structure offered in the treatises of the Mid-Victorian era. Yet it would be unfair to deprecate the suggestions then ulade, for the workers did not have the methods t h a t are now in our hands. Physicists and chentists who desire to keep in touch with the main lines of discovery and practical wflue of the intimate study of crystal structure will find this book eminently satisfactory. The synlbol for the light-wave unit omits the circle over the " A . " This is a commendable procedure. The slogan of modern science should be " a w a y with all accented and umlauted letters." They were the product of tile perverse ingenuity of the monks of the middle ages. t ]JERRY LEFFMANN. RESEARCH PAPER NO. 45. Reprint from Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. Methods for Analysis of Petroleunr. By E. W. Washburn, J. H. Bruun and Mildred M. Hicks, Chemistry Division. Pamphlet, 22 pages, illustrations, 8vo. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, I929, Price, ten cents. In the middle of the last century, the principal causes of world trouble were wheat and cotton. The former, generally called by its British name " c o r n , " was the export product of the North and the latter from the South. " C o t t o n is K i n g " was the slogan of those who formed the Confederate States, hoping t h a t England's demand for their product would assure early interference on their behalf, but were disappointed. Times change. Oil and rubber are figuring largely in diplomatic complications, and the former is giving rise to both domestic and international trouble.
852
BOOK R E V I E W S .
[J. F. I.
This paper describes the apparatus and methods which have been developed and are being employed in an investigation on " T h e separation, identification, and determination of the chemical constituents of commercial petrolemn fract i o n s " listed as Project No. 6 of American Petroleum Institute Research. Financial assistance in this work has been received from a research fund of the American Petroleum Institute donated by John D. Rockefeller. This fund is being administered by the institute with the co6peration of the Central Petroleum Committee of the National Research Council. H.L. ELECTRIC LINES AND NETS; THEIR THEORY AND ELECTRICAL BEHAVIOR. By A. E. Kennelly, A.M., Sc.D., Professor of Electrical Engineering, Harvard University. Second edition, revised and enlarged, viii-426 pages, 32 tables, 2 2 2 figures. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1928. Price, $5. If one pauses to consider, it appears remarkable indeed t h a t our knowledge of applied electricity has expanded and ramified to such an extent t h a t a whole volume alone m a y be written upon the conductance characteristics of transmission lines. Writing on such a subject, the author has produced a textbook of great value particularly to students of electrical engineering. Looked upon as a revision of the author's earlier book, "Artificial Electric Lines" this more recent text has been enlarged to include the subject of real lines and the corresponding theories which have been developed in the last decade. Great pains have been taken to start right a t the beginning. The introductory chapters show how the properties of electrical transmission lines may be expressed by means of trigonometrical functions. Equations for the simplest type of lines are first developed and those of greater complexity are constructed from these simpler elements. The theory originally worked out for continuous currents now has been extended to alternating currents which involves a large number of complex relations. The author shows in great detail just how these relations, characteristic of alternating currents, have been developed for various transulission systems. The appendix contains a summary of the various formulas and their derivation as well as a number of problems which tend to aid in the practical application of these derived formulas. T. K. CLEVELAND, ALLEN'S COMMERCIAL ORGANIC ANALYSIS. By C. Ainsworth Mitchell, M.A., F.I.C., with numerous collaborators. Volume VII, fifth edition, revised and partly rewritten, xi-869 pages, illustrations, 8vo. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Company, 1928. Price, $7.5 o. C. O. A. as it is commonly known to practicing analysts, marches on like the British Grenadiers at Fontanoy, giving us from time to time a newly revised volume. Except as to one contributor out of eleven it has returned to the land of its birth, and the editorial control is now wholly there. The present editor C. Ainsworth Mitchell is widely and most favorably known in the field to which the work is devoted and chemists may be sure t h a t under his supervision all the text will be trustworthy and up-to-date. The present volume is devoted to the vegetable alkaloids, thus bringing
BOOK R E V I E W S .
851
AN INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTAL ANALYSIS. By Sir William Bragg, K . B . E , D.Sc., F.R.S. I68 pages, illustrations, 8vo. New York, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., I929 . Price, $4.25. The text of this book is a report of a series of lectures given in 1926 at University College, Aberystwyth. Being intended for a general audience the subjects were treated in a somewhat elementary form. In preparing the material for publication, the t r e a t m e n t has been more extended and more varied. In the welter of publications on colloids it is agreeable to see something about crystals. Study of the intimate molecular structure of crystals dates from a comparatively recent period, Laue's work in I912 being here given as tile starting point. It is well known t h a t Sir William Bragg and his son, W. L. Bragg, have given a large a n m u n t of attention to the subject and added a great deal of inlportant and useful information. The principle has been extended to m a n y substances and it appears that, by means of the x-ray, crystal structure may be detected in a large n u m b e r of organized tissues. The literature of the subject is already very large and increasing rapidly. The author has found t h a t many who are not directly occupied with this line of investigation are yet nluch interested in its striking and valuable results. He has in this book set forth concisely and clearly the essential features of present day knowledge. This knowledge indicates the wide practical applications t h a t the methods possess, in view of the light thrown on the intimate structure of substances. Special efforts have been made to make clear the phraseology of the subject, as well from the point of view of the old systems of crystallography, as from that of the x-ray nlethods. It is, indeed informing to compare the modern representations of atomic distribution and association, now so familiar in writings on this subject, with the suggestions as to crystal structure offered in the treatises of the Mid-Victorian era. Yet it would be unfair to deprecate the suggestions then ulade, for the workers did not have the methods t h a t are now in our hands. Physicists and chentists who desire to keep in touch with the main lines of discovery and practical wflue of the intimate study of crystal structure will find this book eminently satisfactory. The synlbol for the light-wave unit omits the circle over the " A . " This is a commendable procedure. The slogan of modern science should be " a w a y with all accented and umlauted letters." They were the product of tile perverse ingenuity of the monks of the middle ages. t ]JERRY LEFFMANN. RESEARCH PAPER NO. 45. Reprint from Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. Methods for Analysis of Petroleunr. By E. W. Washburn, J. H. Bruun and Mildred M. Hicks, Chemistry Division. Pamphlet, 22 pages, illustrations, 8vo. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, I929, Price, ten cents. In the middle of the last century, the principal causes of world trouble were wheat and cotton. The former, generally called by its British name " c o r n , " was the export product of the North and the latter from the South. " C o t t o n is K i n g " was the slogan of those who formed the Confederate States, hoping t h a t England's demand for their product would assure early interference on their behalf, but were disappointed. Times change. Oil and rubber are figuring largely in diplomatic complications, and the former is giving rise to both domestic and international trouble.
852
BOOK R E V I E W S .
[J. F. I.
This paper describes the apparatus and methods which have been developed and are being employed in an investigation on " T h e separation, identification, and determination of the chemical constituents of commercial petrolemn fract i o n s " listed as Project No. 6 of American Petroleum Institute Research. Financial assistance in this work has been received from a research fund of the American Petroleum Institute donated by John D. Rockefeller. This fund is being administered by the institute with the co6peration of the Central Petroleum Committee of the National Research Council. H.L. ELECTRIC LINES AND NETS; THEIR THEORY AND ELECTRICAL BEHAVIOR. By A. E. Kennelly, A.M., Sc.D., Professor of Electrical Engineering, Harvard University. Second edition, revised and enlarged, viii-426 pages, 32 tables, 2 2 2 figures. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1928. Price, $5. If one pauses to consider, it appears remarkable indeed t h a t our knowledge of applied electricity has expanded and ramified to such an extent t h a t a whole volume alone m a y be written upon the conductance characteristics of transmission lines. Writing on such a subject, the author has produced a textbook of great value particularly to students of electrical engineering. Looked upon as a revision of the author's earlier book, "Artificial Electric Lines" this more recent text has been enlarged to include the subject of real lines and the corresponding theories which have been developed in the last decade. Great pains have been taken to start right a t the beginning. The introductory chapters show how the properties of electrical transmission lines may be expressed by means of trigonometrical functions. Equations for the simplest type of lines are first developed and those of greater complexity are constructed from these simpler elements. The theory originally worked out for continuous currents now has been extended to alternating currents which involves a large number of complex relations. The author shows in great detail just how these relations, characteristic of alternating currents, have been developed for various transulission systems. The appendix contains a summary of the various formulas and their derivation as well as a number of problems which tend to aid in the practical application of these derived formulas. T. K. CLEVELAND, ALLEN'S COMMERCIAL ORGANIC ANALYSIS. By C. Ainsworth Mitchell, M.A., F.I.C., with numerous collaborators. Volume VII, fifth edition, revised and partly rewritten, xi-869 pages, illustrations, 8vo. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Company, 1928. Price, $7.5 o. C. O. A. as it is commonly known to practicing analysts, marches on like the British Grenadiers at Fontanoy, giving us from time to time a newly revised volume. Except as to one contributor out of eleven it has returned to the land of its birth, and the editorial control is now wholly there. The present editor C. Ainsworth Mitchell is widely and most favorably known in the field to which the work is devoted and chemists may be sure t h a t under his supervision all the text will be trustworthy and up-to-date. The present volume is devoted to the vegetable alkaloids, thus bringing