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Research Test Questions
CE TESTS
The Power of Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Tetracaine (LET) and a Child Life Specialist When Suturing Lacerations in Children (pp. 169-170)
15. The LET described in this article is a combination of A. lidocaine 2%. B. epinephrine 1%. C. tetracaine 0.5%. 16. Which statement is true regarding the use of LET? A. For the majority of injuries, 3 mL of LET is sufficient to numb the wound. B. A smaller amount of injectable lidocaine is needed after LET application. C. The most effective method is to soak gauze in LET and apply it to the wound. 17. To achieve the best outcome, LET should remain on the wound for at least A. 10 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes. 18. When using LET it is helpful for ED staff to know that A. LET can be used on fingers, toes, ears, nose, or the penis. B. the skin will be pink when the area is anesthetized. C. once LET is applied to a wound, the area should be covered with an elastic bandage.
RESEARCH TEST QUESTIONS
Active Intervention Can Decrease Burnout in ED Nurses (pp. 145-149)
1. In the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the subscale, depersonalization, includes A. feeling emotionally exhausted and tired with work. B. having a lack of compassion toward work. C. having limited communication with colleagues at work. 2. The authors report that emotional exhaustion is associated with a(n) A. increased rate of personal injuries. B. higher frequency of cardiovascular disease. C. lack of professional commitment.
March 2017
VOLUME 43 • ISSUE 2
3. In the 2012 study by Cimiotti et al., reducing nurse burnout reduced patient A. falls by 15%. B. medication errors by 25%. C. infections by 30%. 4. As opposed to the interventions for the active intervention group, “regular management” for the control group in this study included A. twice weekly focus group discussions. B. classes pertaining to communication skills. C. lessons relating to approaches to conflict. 5. The mean level of depersonalization of the nurses in this study was A. low. B. medium. C. high. 6. Benjamin et al. (2016) report that symptoms of burnout may include A. absenteeism. B. “needing” a vacation. C. suicidal ideation. 7. As a result of using active intervention with nurses, what was the only subscale of burnout in which the level did not decrease? A. emotional exhaustion B. personal achievement C. depersonalization
On the Threshold of Safety: A Qualitative Exploration of Nurses’ Perceptions of Factors Involved in Safe Staffing Levels in Emergency Departments (pp. 150-157)
8. What did the participants in this focus group report had the most impact on their perceptions of safety? A. patient acuity B. patient volume C. nurse-patient ratio 9. According to the authors, it is extremely difficult to determine and sustain appropriate and safe nurse-patient ratios because A. of the uncertainty about the volume of patients arriving. B. there are no specific ratios determined by the state boards of nursing. C. there is a lack of administrative support for safe staffing.
WWW.JENONLINE.ORG
189
CE TESTS
10. What did the nurses in this study report was compromised when they had limited time? A. technical skills B. triage completion C. nursing presence 11. What did participants identify as a component of unsafe staffing? A. mandatory overtime B. lack of support from other departments C. working 12-hour shifts 12. What did the nurses cite most frequently as having an impact on perceptions of staffing adequacy and quality of care? A. suboptimal skill mix B. unavailability of ancillary staff C. inadequate provision of resources 13. As noted in the article, lower nurse-to-patient ratios contribute to a lower incidence of A. nosocomial infections. B. patient falls. C. missed care. 14. Possible solutions to unsafe staffing that were suggested by participants included A. hiring more nurses. B. having huddles throughout the day. C. providing opportunities for additional time off.
17. The median time to diagnostic evaluation in this study increased by a total of how many minutes when a patient was evaluated in a trauma emergency department instead of a nontrauma emergency department? A. 5.714 minutes B. 11.329 minutes C. 21.522 minutes 18. Timely diagnostic evaluation in the emergency departments in this study is strongly associated with other measures of timely and effective care determined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, in particular A. the ED patients who left without being seen. B. the ED median time from arrival to departure for admitted ED patients. C. the average wait time after a physician decided to admit a patient. 19. When emergency nurses cared for 3 additional patients in 24 hours in this study, the time to diagnostic evaluation in trauma emergency departments increased from approximately 30 minutes to A. 45 minutes. B. 1 hour. C. 1 hour and 15 minutes.
PRACTICE IMPROVEMENT TEST
Nurse Staffing and Hospital Characteristics Predictive of Time to Diagnostic Evaluation for Patients in the Emergency Department (pp. 138-144)
15. In the 2016 study by Anderson et al., what was shown to have the greatest effect on the time a patient waits to be evaluated by a qualified health professional? A. the volume of ED patients B. the ED physician and nurse staffing C. the acuity of the patients in the department 16. Ducharme et al. (2009) reported that the addition of nurse practitioners in the ED decreased the ED length of stay by A. 22%. B. 35%. C. 49%.
190
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING
Closing the Research-Practice Gap: Increasing Evidence-Based Practice for Nasogastric Tube Insertion Using Education and an Electronic Order Set (pp. 133-137)
1. One of the reasons for using a nasal vasoconstrictor prior to inserting an NGT is to A. constrict the nasal passage. B. prevent epistaxis. C. anesthetize the sinus cavity. 2. Nurses in this study indicated that the biggest barriers to using medications for NGT insertion included a lack of A. knowledge regarding the medications. B. time to pre-medicate the patient. C. appropriate medications on the hospital formulary.
VOLUME 43 • ISSUE 2
March 2017
The Power of Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Tetracaine (LET) and a Child Life Specialist When Suturing Lacerations in Children (pp. 169-170)
15. The LET described in this article is a combination of A. lidocaine 2%. B. epinephrine 1%. C. tetracaine 0.5%. 16. Which statement is true regarding the use of LET? A. For the majority of injuries, 3 mL of LET is sufficient to numb the wound. B. A smaller amount of injectable lidocaine is needed after LET application. C. The most effective method is to soak gauze in LET and apply it to the wound. 17. To achieve the best outcome, LET should remain on the wound for at least A. 10 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 30 minutes. 18. When using LET it is helpful for ED staff to know that A. LET can be used on fingers, toes, ears, nose, or the penis. B. the skin will be pink when the area is anesthetized. C. once LET is applied to a wound, the area should be covered with an elastic bandage.
RESEARCH TEST QUESTIONS
Active Intervention Can Decrease Burnout in ED Nurses (pp. 145-149)
1. In the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the subscale, depersonalization, includes A. feeling emotionally exhausted and tired with work. B. having a lack of compassion toward work. C. having limited communication with colleagues at work. 2. The authors report that emotional exhaustion is associated with a(n) A. increased rate of personal injuries. B. higher frequency of cardiovascular disease. C. lack of professional commitment.
March 2017
VOLUME 43 • ISSUE 2
3. In the 2012 study by Cimiotti et al., reducing nurse burnout reduced patient A. falls by 15%. B. medication errors by 25%. C. infections by 30%. 4. As opposed to the interventions for the active intervention group, “regular management” for the control group in this study included A. twice weekly focus group discussions. B. classes pertaining to communication skills. C. lessons relating to approaches to conflict. 5. The mean level of depersonalization of the nurses in this study was A. low. B. medium. C. high. 6. Benjamin et al. (2016) report that symptoms of burnout may include A. absenteeism. B. “needing” a vacation. C. suicidal ideation. 7. As a result of using active intervention with nurses, what was the only subscale of burnout in which the level did not decrease? A. emotional exhaustion B. personal achievement C. depersonalization
On the Threshold of Safety: A Qualitative Exploration of Nurses’ Perceptions of Factors Involved in Safe Staffing Levels in Emergency Departments (pp. 150-157)
8. What did the participants in this focus group report had the most impact on their perceptions of safety? A. patient acuity B. patient volume C. nurse-patient ratio 9. According to the authors, it is extremely difficult to determine and sustain appropriate and safe nurse-patient ratios because A. of the uncertainty about the volume of patients arriving. B. there are no specific ratios determined by the state boards of nursing. C. there is a lack of administrative support for safe staffing.
WWW.JENONLINE.ORG
189
CE TESTS
10. What did the nurses in this study report was compromised when they had limited time? A. technical skills B. triage completion C. nursing presence 11. What did participants identify as a component of unsafe staffing? A. mandatory overtime B. lack of support from other departments C. working 12-hour shifts 12. What did the nurses cite most frequently as having an impact on perceptions of staffing adequacy and quality of care? A. suboptimal skill mix B. unavailability of ancillary staff C. inadequate provision of resources 13. As noted in the article, lower nurse-to-patient ratios contribute to a lower incidence of A. nosocomial infections. B. patient falls. C. missed care. 14. Possible solutions to unsafe staffing that were suggested by participants included A. hiring more nurses. B. having huddles throughout the day. C. providing opportunities for additional time off.
17. The median time to diagnostic evaluation in this study increased by a total of how many minutes when a patient was evaluated in a trauma emergency department instead of a nontrauma emergency department? A. 5.714 minutes B. 11.329 minutes C. 21.522 minutes 18. Timely diagnostic evaluation in the emergency departments in this study is strongly associated with other measures of timely and effective care determined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, in particular A. the ED patients who left without being seen. B. the ED median time from arrival to departure for admitted ED patients. C. the average wait time after a physician decided to admit a patient. 19. When emergency nurses cared for 3 additional patients in 24 hours in this study, the time to diagnostic evaluation in trauma emergency departments increased from approximately 30 minutes to A. 45 minutes. B. 1 hour. C. 1 hour and 15 minutes.
PRACTICE IMPROVEMENT TEST
Nurse Staffing and Hospital Characteristics Predictive of Time to Diagnostic Evaluation for Patients in the Emergency Department (pp. 138-144)
15. In the 2016 study by Anderson et al., what was shown to have the greatest effect on the time a patient waits to be evaluated by a qualified health professional? A. the volume of ED patients B. the ED physician and nurse staffing C. the acuity of the patients in the department 16. Ducharme et al. (2009) reported that the addition of nurse practitioners in the ED decreased the ED length of stay by A. 22%. B. 35%. C. 49%.
190
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING
Closing the Research-Practice Gap: Increasing Evidence-Based Practice for Nasogastric Tube Insertion Using Education and an Electronic Order Set (pp. 133-137)
1. One of the reasons for using a nasal vasoconstrictor prior to inserting an NGT is to A. constrict the nasal passage. B. prevent epistaxis. C. anesthetize the sinus cavity. 2. Nurses in this study indicated that the biggest barriers to using medications for NGT insertion included a lack of A. knowledge regarding the medications. B. time to pre-medicate the patient. C. appropriate medications on the hospital formulary.
VOLUME 43 • ISSUE 2
March 2017