Second World Congress on Ultrasonics Medicine

78 Doppler hematotachography of the carotid arteries J. M. F. Mot, Heerlen Blood velocity observations in the thoracic aorta and other major vessels L. H. LIGHT,Harrow Diagnosis of aortic coarctation by Doppler-shift ultrasound D. L. NEWMAN, R. K. WALESBYand J. R. HANSON, London

Doppler ultrasonic detection of aeroembolism in clinical medicine and decompression from hyperbaric atmospheres M. P. SPENCER and D. C. JOHANSON, Seattle Electroscan: an electronic sector scanning method for ultrasonic diagnostics J. C. SOMER, Utrecht Multiscan ecbocardiography J. ROELANDT. F. KLOSTERand N. BOM, Rotterdam

Measurement of arterial wall displacement, using a pulsed phase-track technique D. W. BAKERand D. E. HOKANSON, Seattle

The experience of 20 years working with eehocardiography 1. EDLER, Lund

Venous occlusion and incompetence in the lower limb. A study with the directional Doppler J. D. LEWIS, London

Advantages and limitations of recently developed echocardiograpbic techniques R. L. Popp, Stanford

SECOND WORLD CONGRESS ON ULTRASONICS IN MEDICINE Rotterdam, 4-8 June, 1973 THE FOLLOWING invited papers were presented and will be published as the Proceedings of the Congress by Excerpta Medica, P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam early in 1974. Limitations of present day sonar techniques in obstetrics and gynaecology. 1. DONALD, University of Glasgow, Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow, Great Britain Controlled color isopbotodensitometry for tissue differential diagnosis. G. BAt;M, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y., U.S.A. Interactions of ultrasound with tissues. C. R. HILL, Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, Sutton, Great Britain Evaluation of a pulsed ultrasound profile meter with 15 gates and its results. M. ANLIKER, lnstitut fiJr Biomedizinische Technik, g/Jrich, Switzerland Computerised axial tomography and its implications for ultrasonic encephalography. D. N. WHITE, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Die Entwicklung der Echoventrikuiographie. E. KAZNER, Neurochirurgische Klinik der Universit/it Miinchen, German Federal Republic Evaluation of cranial blood flow with ultrasonic Doppler techniques. H. R. MOLLER, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland The cross-sectional ultrasonic tomography of the small pelvis and its importance for the clinic. A. KRATOCHWIL, II. Universit~its-Frauenklinik, Vienna, Austria Ultrasonic examination of the female pelvis: normal or abnormal. R. E. BROWN, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Diagnostic procedures in obstetrics--A review of commonly accepted scanning techniques, with associated limitations and errors. A. D. CHRISTIE,Royal Infirmary, Dundee, Great Britain Diagnostic applications of ultrasound for the kidney and GU tract. J. H. HOLMES, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado. U.S.A, Advance in the ultrasono-tomography and its clinical evaluation. T. WAGAI, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan Indications for ultrasonic scanning in abdominal diagnostics. H. H. HOLM, J. K. KRISTENSEN, S. N. R~SMUSSEN and J. F. PEDERSEN,Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark The influence of ultrasonic diagnosis on clinical ophthalmological examinations. A. OKSALA. Universit/its-Augenklinik, Turku, Finland Kliniscbe Echometrie, Oculometrie und augenseitige Optik. H. GERNET, Universit~its-Augenklinik, Mfinster, i.,W., German Federal Republic Ultrasonic biometry of the eye. J. FRANCOIS, Rijksuniversiteit, Gent, Belgium The experience of 20 years working with echocardiography. INGE EDLER, Kardiologiska kliniken Lasarettet, Lund. Sweden Methods in echocardiograpby. C. H. HERTZ, Lund Institute of Technology, Lurid, Sweden Use of echocardiography in evaluating left ventricular function. H. FEIGENBAUM,Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.

Electroacoustical problems of ultrasonic diagnostic methods. k. FILIPCZYNSKI, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsa,s., Poland

7t) The receiver in the pulse-echo system. P. N. T. WELLS, The Welsh National School of Medicine, Cardiff'. Great Britain Progress in pulse echo techniques. G. KOSSOFF, C o m m o n w e a l t h Acoustic Sydney. Australia

Laboratories,

Die Verwendung eines breitbandigen Frequenz-spektrums und einer nenen handgefdhrten Kontakt-Abtastung (A- und B-System) in der Ophthalmologischen UItraschalldiagnostik. W. BUSCHMANN,K. BEUTH, H. GROSSMANNand R. MIIA.NI!I~,, Humboldt-Universitfit, Berlin, German Democratic Republic

Transkull ultrasonic visualization of brain. F. J. FR~ et al., Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis. Indiana, U.S.A.

L'6tude des tumeurs. J. POUJOL, Centre National d'Ophthalmologie des Quin/cVingts. Paris, France

Suggested criteria for the interpretation of Doppler measurements from the corotid circulation. MRS. Ttl. PLANIOL, C.H.R. Bretonneau, Tours, France

An evaluation of errors of optical and ultrasonographic methods to oculometry. A. GRIGNOLO, A, RIVARA and M. ZIN(;IRIAI. Clinica Oculistica dell'Universiti~ di G e n m a , Italy

Intracranial echo pulsation in brain death, brain tumor and iutracranial hypertension. M. OKA, W a k a y a m a Medical College Hospital, Wakayama, Japan Instantaneous bidimensional blood velocity profiles in the major vessels by pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter. P. PERONNEAU,H6pital Broussais, Paris, France Some recent advances in continuous wave Doppler instruments. J. M. R I , ) et al., Providence Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.

Development and present aspects of ultrasono-cardiotomography. Y. KIKUCttl, Tohoku Uni;ersity, Sendal. Japan New concepts in cardiac ultrasound technology for the acquisition, processing and imaging of data. R. C. WAAG. University of Rochester, Rochester. N.Y., U.S.A. Cineultrasound cardiography. R. GRAM1AK, University of Rochester. Rochester. N ' ~ , U.S.A.

Pulse Doppler techniques in cardiology and peripheral vascular disease. D. W. BAKER, University of Washington, Seattle. Washington. U.S.A.

High resolution visualization of tissue with acoustic microscopy. L. W. KESSLER, Zenith Radio Corporation, ('hicago. Illinois, U.S.A.

Differential diagnosis of breast tumor. T. KOB,\YAStlI, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Electronic beam seanniag for ultrasonic imaging. F. L. THURSTONE. Dv t,e University, Durham, N . ( . I . . S ,\.

Quantitative criteria of intrahepatic echo pattern correlated with structural alterations. G. RFT1ENMAIER, Medizinische Universitfitsklinik, Erlangen, German Federal Republic A new ultrasonic technique for lung diagnosis. D. GOr~DON, Willesden General Hospital. London, Great Britain

Quantitative echogr:q~hy--An important aid for the acoustic differentiation of tissues. K. Ossol\l(;. I[lC Unixcrsit? ot" lox~a. Iox~a ('its. Iox<~. U.S.A. An acoustical holography medical imaging system using an optical detection and recording technique. A. E. MFTHERELL, Actron Industries lnc, Monroxia, California, U.S.A.

NEW TECHNIQUES THE FOLLOWINGpapers were also presented. Abstracts of all these papers are now available from Excerpta Medica. P.O. Box 21 I, A m s t e r d a m as International Congress Series No 277.

4. Electronic sector scanning in cerebral diagnosis: visualization of intracranial structures and brain arteries. H. J. FREUND, Neurotogische Universitiits Klinik mit Abteilung fiir Neurophysiologie, Freiburg l.Br., t:edcral Republic of G e r m a n y

i.

5. Frequency dependence of ultrasonic backscattering cros~ section: an indicator of tissue structure characteristics R. C. CHIVERS. C. R. HILL and D. NI('HOLAS. Physics Division, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K.

Studies on the accuracy of directional Doppler flowmetry with regard to steady and pulsatile flow R. D. BAUER, Th. PASCH and W. SPERLING, Institute of Physiology 11, University of Erlangen-Niirnberg, Erlangen, Federal Republic of G e r m a n y

2. A multi element system and its application to cardiology. N. BOM, The Thorax Center, Medical Faculty, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 3. The use of acoustical holography in biomedical imaging B. B. BRENDEN, Holosonics, Inc., Richland, Wash., US.A.

6. The pulsed Doppler ultrasonic blood flowmeter and its applications in open heart surgery R. W. GILL, W. R. BRODY, J. D. MEINDL and W. W. ANGELL, Stanford University. Electronics Laboratory, Stanford. Calif.. U.S.A.

80 7. Experimental investigations and clinical cases using acoustical holography D. R. HOLBROOKE,E. M. McCURRY,V. RICHARDSand H. R. S~IIBATA, Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif., U.S.A. Diagnostic applications of the directional CW Doppler technique in cardiology D. KALMANSON,C. VEYRAT, C. DERAI, P. CHICHE and C. H. SAVIER, Fondation Ophtalmologique, A. de Rothschild, Paris, France Electronic sector scanning in cerebral diagnosis: spaceoccupying processes and hydrocephalus. H. A. C. KAMPHUISEN, University of Leiden, LEG Department, Leiden, The Netherlands 10.

Mechanisms of tissue-ultrasound interaction P. P. LELE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

11.

Non-invasive blood velocity measurement in the major thoracic vessels: techniques and applications L. H. LIGHT and G. CROSS, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middx., U.K.

12.

The use of computers in ultrasonic imaging V. R. MCCREADY, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, U.K.

13.

Digital processing systems for diagnostic ultrasound data D. H. MCSHERRY,Digicon Inc., Houston, Tex., U.S.A.

14.

Evaluation of echograms to A-scope methods R. MILLNER and H. GROSSMANN, Institut ffir Angewandte Biophysik, Universit/it Halle/S., and Forschungsinstitut M. v. Ardenne, Dresden, German Democratic Republic

15. Microsonation of cells under near-threshold conditions. W. L. NYBORGand A. GERSHOY,University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt., U.S.A. 16. Digital measurement of the velocity of ultrasound and thickness. J. OBRAZ, National Research Institute for Machine Design, B~chovice, Prague, Czechoslovakia 17. Electronic sector scanning in cerebral diagnosis: principle and technical development J. C. SOMER, Institute of Medical Physics TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands 18. Sonotopography of the maxillary and facial regions H Spranger, Universitat Tiibingen, Klinik und Poliklinik ffir Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferkrankheiten, Tfibingem Federal Republic of Germany 19. Toxicity studies on the interaction of ultrasound on embryonic and adult tissues. K. J. W. TAYLORx and M. DYSON, Department of Anatomy, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London and ~Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, U.K.

CARDIOLOGY 20. Evaluation of left ventricular function by echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction. M. CHAPELLE,A. SENEKIES,R. BENAIMand P. CHICHE, Service de Cardiologie, H6pital Tenon, Paris, France 21. Echoeardiographic manifestations of transposition of the great vessels. J. C. DILLON, L. L. KONECKE,J. KEUTEL, R. A. HURWITZ, R. H, DAVIS, S. CHANG and H. FE1GENBAUM, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., U.S.A. 22. Ultrasonic visualization of the dynamic geometry of the heart. R. C. EGGLETON, Indianapolis Center for Advanced Research and Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Ind., U.S.A. 23. The diagnosis of perieardial effusion in children by the ultrasound M-scan technique N. ELLIS, A. S. ABBAS1and J. J. FLYNN, Department of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.A. 24. Eehocardiographic studies in infants and children J. KEUTEL, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of G6ttingen, G6ttingen, Federal Republic of Germany 25. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac maiposition. R. MEYER, D. SCHWARTZ, W. COVITZ and S. KAPLAN, The Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.

26. Deductive echocardiographic analysis of cardiac realposition complexes in infancy K. MINHAS,F. ELBL and R. SOLINGER,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky., U.S.A. 27. Echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension N. C. NANDA,R. GRAMIAK,P. M. SHAH, K. J. CHUNG and T. ROBINSON, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A. 28. Echocardiography in atrio-ventricular canal defects: a clinical spectrum. D. R. PIERONI, R. M. FREEDOMand E. HOMCY, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md., U.S.A. 29. A standardized method for manual transducer orientation to obtain left ventricular dimensions. R. L. PoPP, Cardiology Division, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif., U.S.A. 30. Ultrasound evaluation of mitral valve prostheses. L. E. WATTS, R. W. BARNES and A. M. NOMEIR, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Sonic Laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Winston-Salem, N.C., U.S.A. 31. Rapid systolic oscillations of the aortic value: a normal finding. F. WINSBERG, Montreal General Hospital-McGill University, Montreal, P.Q., Canada

81

DOPPLER 32. A directional Doppler velocity meter for high velocity pulsatile flow. J. P. CRAIG, C. SIDE and D. TUNSTALLPEDOE, Cardiac Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K. 33. A practical method of eliminating the angular dependence of Doppler flow measurements. F. A. DUCK and C. J. HODSON, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada 34. Doppler evaluation of common carotid and peripheral artery flow in aged subjects. F. FABRIS, L. POLl and F. S. FERUGLIO, Institute of Gerontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 35. Holographic multiplexing of kidney B scans. M. FALUS,~ H. J. CAULFIELD2 and P. GREGUSS3, ~Otto Korvin Hospital and Polyclinic, Budapest, Hungary; "Block Engineering, Inc., Cambridge, Mass., and 3New York Medical College, New York, N.Y., U.S.A.

P. GREGUSS, New York Medical College, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. 39. Analysis of zero-cross numbers of Doppler-shift signals from ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters. K. KATO and M. TOGUCHI, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Suita-shi. Osaka, Japan 40. More information about a method of arteriographic imaging by ultrasound. H. KRESSE and N. BECK, Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany 41. Determination of blood flow velocity vectors distribution within the vessel cross-section during the cardiac cycle by a method of Doppler signal frequency analysis of ultrasonic flowmeter. R. KUB./tK,M. NEVRTALand A. PUt~LKA, Department of Medical Electronics, Technical University, and Department of Pathological Physiology, J. E Purkyfie University, Brno, Czechoslovakia

36. The design of a new system for ultrasonic fetal cephalometry and other measurements. 42. The use of the Doppler flowmeter for quantitative J. E. E. FLEMING, University of Glasgow, Ultrasonic measurements. Technology, Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow, U.K. T. OKUMURA1, H. MIYAZAKIl, K. MITA l, M. FUKAMACHI1, R. OMOTO2, Y. WANIBUCHI2, Y. YOKOTE2, 37. Studies on brain tissue response to ultrasonic radiation S. FURUTA2, G. OYA2 and N. ONO2, 1San-el Instrument (USR) during echoencephalography: preliminary results. Co., Ltd., and 2Department of Surgery. Mitsui R. M. FORD, E. KAZNER and W. M. McKINNEY, Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Neurochirurgische Universitiitsktinik, Munich, Federal Re- 43. Computerizing the results of the Doppler blood flo~ r public of Germany; and Sonic Laboratory, Bowman measurement. Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.N., U.S.A. H. B. VEENHUYZEN, Neurological Clinic, Wilhelmina 38. A new method to transfer acoustic wave information into equivalent light information.

Gasthuis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

G Y N ECO L O G Y 44. Ultrasound fetal cephalometry: four years later. R. E. BROWN, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiological Sciences, Oklahoma City, Okla., U.S.A. 45. The percentile distribution of fetal biparietal diameter measured by ultrasound: a European study. S. CAMPBELL, M. HINSELMANN, J. HOLLANDER, A. KRArOCHWIL and S. LEVl, European Study Group for Fetal Biometry, H6pital Universitaire Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium 46. Ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. W. J. GARRETT and G. KOSSOFF, Royal Hospital for Women. Sydney, Australia 47. Ultrasonic fetal thoracometry: an additional parameter for determining fetal growth, M. HANSMANN and U. VO1GT, Universit/its-Frauenklinik, Bonn-Venusberg, Federal Republic of Germany 48. Observations on intrauterine development of the foetus in mothers with diabetes mellitus. H. J. HOLLANDER,Universit/its-Frauenklinik, Mfinster, Federal Republic of Germany

UMB Vol. I, No, I F

49. Ultrasonic detection, localization and typing of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). D. JANSSENS, M. VRIJENS, M. THIERY and H. VAN KEIS, Department of Obstetrics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium 50. Ultrasound, AFP and HPL methods in the diagnosis of normal and complicated early pregnancy. P. JOUPPILA, V. RAUNIO, M. SEPP.AL,Aand E. RUOSLAHTI, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 51. Sonography to determine fetal surface area. J. M. KELLER and M. STRECZYN, Chicago Medical School at the Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center. Chicago, 111., U.S.A. 52. Measurement of fetal crown-rump length as a means of assessing maturity in the first trimester of pregnancy. H. P. ROBINSON, Queen Mother's Hospital. Yorkhill, Glasgow, U.K. 53. Determination of the momentary foetal heart rate with the various procedures. H. STENGER, H. R1EDL, L. GROTE and G. NAEFE.

82 54. Ultrasound placentography in early pregnancy. H. TAKEUCH1, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

55. Assessment of fetal urine production by ultrasonic compound B scanning. J. W. WLADIMIROFF and S. CAMPBELL, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, London, U.K.

INTERACTIONS 56. Influence of ultrasound on the corpus luteum. W. J. Bo, W. A. KRUEGER and B. M. GARRISON, Department of Anatomy, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., U.S.A.

59. Ultrasonic dosimetry in obstetrics. A. J. HALL, University of Glasgow, Ultrasonic Technology, Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow, U.K.

57. Biological hazards of ultrasound: investigation into the effects of ultrasound on ion transport mechanisms of biological cells in vitro. I. V. CHAPMAN, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K. 58. The effect of ultrasound at levels inducing blood cell stasis on the uitrastructure of blood vessels in the chick embryo. M. DYSON, J. B. POND~and J. BROADBENT,Department of Anatomy, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London, and ~Physics Department, Kingston Polytechnic, Kingston-upon-Thames, U.K.

60. Electrophoretic and cell determinations in ultrasound treated normal and pathologic lymphocyte suspensions. I. MACAVEI,C. SERBAN, D. AUSL,ANDERand M. TELIA, Ultrasonic Laboratories, Babes-Bolyai University of Sciences, Cluj, Romania

INTERNAL 62. lntra-abdominal abscess localization: an unrecognized application of diagnostic ultrasound. W. M. ASHER, G. R. LEOPOLD and A. K. FREIMANIS, U.S. Naval Hospital, Department of Radiology, San Diego, Calif., U.S.A,

63. An ultrasonic system for direct visual guidance of puncture needles, specially made for amniocentesis and intrauterine blood transfusions. J. BANG and A. NORTHEVED, Obstetrics Department, St. Joseph's Hospital, and Non-destructive Research and Development Laboratories, Copenhagen, Denmark 64. Ultrasonic scanning of the prostate. W. H. BOYCE, J. W. WILLARD, R. M. WILKIEMEYER, W. K. KING and W. M. McKINNEY, Department of Urology and Sonic Laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., U.S.A. 65. Determination of liver volume in man by ultrasound. D. BUCHENAUand H. LIEHR, Medizinische Universitfitsklinik, WiJrzburg, Federal Republic of Germany 66. Current aspects of ultrasonic scanning of the pancreas. J. BURGER and U. W. BLAUENSTEIN, Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital, Basle, Switzerland

67. Souographic pattern of tumors of the stomach and the intestine. H. LuTz and G. RETTENMA1ER,Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Niirmberg, Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany

61. An experimental safety study of mice exposed to low intensity ultrasound. T. SHIMIZU and R. SHOJII, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and IZoological Institute, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

MEDICINE 68. Ultrasonotomography of thyroid gland diseases. I. NEUMANN and A. BREIT, Stfidtisches Krankenhaus, Radiologische Abteilung, Passau, Federal Republic of Germany

69. Studies on diagnostic efficiency of ultrasonic tomography, hypotouic duodenography, selective angiography and scintiscanning in turnouts of the pancreas. P. OTTO, H.-H. WAGNER, H. CREUTZIG, H. HUNDES,HAGEN and H. ZIEGLER, Departments of lnternal Medicine, Radiology and Surgery, Medical School, Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany 70. The role of ultrasound in the investigation of hydronephrosis. R. C. SANDERS,Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md., U.S.A. 71. Ultrasonic scanning of breast for early breast cancer. M. TSUTSUMI, T. WAGAIand S. HAYASHI, Department of Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 72. Early recognition of rejection of transplanted kidneys with the ultrasound Doppler method. S. VOGEL1, G. HEINE2, S. MAGNUS3 and G. PARDEMANN3, 1Surgical Clinic and 2Department of Organ Transplantation (Charit6); 3Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Humboldt University, Berlin, German Democratic Republic 73. Development and application of new equipment for transrectal ultrasonotomography. H. WATANABE, Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

83

NEUROLOGY 74. An anatomoradiographic study of the topographic relationships between the cerebral ventricles and cranial landmarks, as an aid to echoencephaiography. C. ALVISI, P. BATURIC, R. BERARDI and P. MONARI, Insegnamcnto di Neurochirurgia and Istituto di Statistica deWUniversitfi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

75. Results of sector scanning in 28 patients with intracraniai tumours using an especially adapted echoencephalography equipment. R. M. BOONEand G. E. P. M. VAN VENROOIJ, Department of Neurosurgery, State University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 76. The clinical applications of fronto-oeeipital echoencephalography. TH. GRUMMEand G. GRAEF,Neurochirurgische Klinik, FU Berlin Klinikum Westend, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany

77. Usefulness of an automatic midline computer in clinical practice. H. HOPMAN, E. KAZNERand B. VOGEL, Neurochirurgische Universit~itsklinik, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany

80. Echoencephalography of the pyramid and the cerebelIopontine cistern. K. KROGNESS,NeurosurgicaI Department, Haukeland Sykehus, Bergen, Norway

81. Investigations concerning the echographic width of the third ventricle in comparison with the duration of disturbance of consciousness and posttraumatic defects in closed head injuries. H. KUNST, S. WEINMANNand C. PASSARGE,UniversitiitsNervenklinik, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany 82. PulsatUe echoencephalography: correlations with Kcomplexes and with carotid pulsations during visual and auditory stimulation. W. M. McKINNEY, H. FERNANDEZand J. F. TOOLE, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, N.C. Baptist Hospital, Sonic Laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Winston-Salem, N.C., U.S.A.

83. Two-dimensional images obtained by ultrasonic beams insonating interfaces obliquely or traversing the skull at an angle. W. A. OOSTERBAAN, P. DOORNBOS, H. KAPP and H. J. FREUND, Institute of Medical Physics TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Neurologische Universit/itsklinik mit Abteilung f/Jr Neurophysiologie, Freiburg i. Br., Federal Republic of Germany

78. A compact eehoencephalograph. A. C. HUDSONand B. J. TROLLOPE,Radio and Electrical Engineering Division, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada

84. B-mode echoencephalography: a comparison between results of B-mode and those of A-mode echoencephalography and isotope studies. A. SANSREGRET, R. LEDOUX and L. CLAEYS, H6pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, P.Q.,Canada

79. Echoencephalographic follow-up studies in cases of head injury. M. KLINGERand S. KUNZE,Neurochirurgische Universit~itsklinik, Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany

85. The neonatal brain in A-scan and B-scan echoencephalography. T. VALKEAKAR1, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

OPHTHALMOLOGY 86. Localization of intraocular and intraorbitai foreign bodies by A-sean ultrasonography. A. BERTf~NYI, 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis Medical School, Budapest, Hungary 87. Histological analysis of a new technique of cataract removal by means of ultrasonics. R. BONICKE, R. MILLNERand E. HENNIG, UniversitiitsAugenklinik and Institut fiir Angewandte Biophysik, Halle/S., German Democratic Republic 88. Ten years' experience of the Filatov Institute in the exploration of problems concerning the use of ultrasound. R. K. MARMUR,The Filatov Institute, Odessa, U.S.S.R.

89. The ultrasonic study of the refraction of the patient with pseudophakoi.

Y. OGUCHI and A. T. M. VAN BALEN, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam Medical Faculty, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 90. Digital computer analysis of time/amplitude ultrasonograms from the human eye. H. G. TRIER, D. DECKER, R. REUTER and M. NAGEL, Klinisches lnstitut for Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Bonn, and Institut fiir Biomedizinische Technik, Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany

91. Doppler examination of the blood flow of the ocular fundus. Y. YAMAMOTO1 and T. MASHIMO2, *Komagome Hospital, Eye Clinic, Bunkyo-ku, and 2Nihon Kohden, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

84 PHYSICS 92. Computerized radiation treatment planning with ultrasound. D. J. BRASCHO, Department of Therapeutic Radiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala., U.S.A. 93. Ultrasound, computers and radiation therapy planning. R. E. BROWN, C. R. BOGARDUSand M. SARTZN,University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiological Sciences, Oklahoma City, Okla., U.S.A. 94. A new, high-performance ultrasonic camera system for soft tissue imaging. P. S. GREEN, L. F. SCHAEFER, E. D. JONES and J. R. SUAREZ, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Calif., U.S.A. 95. A color display system for ultrasonotomography. M. IDE and N. MASUZAWA, Musashi Institute of Technology, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 96. A general method for optimum signal processing in electronic sector scanning technique. K. ]INUMAand K. TAKAMIZAWA,Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kawasaki, Japan 97. Quantized ultrasonic diagnostic equipment (a computer aided simultaneous tomogram method). K. ITO1, H. YOKOI2 and T. TATSUM12,Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co. Ltd., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, and 2Nissei Hospital, ltachibori, Nishi-ku, Osaka, Japan

RESERVE 104. The application of ultrasound to audiometry. M. E. BRYAN and E. NOWELL, Audiology Group, University of Salford, Salford, Lanes., U.K. 105. An approach to 3-dimensional scanning. D. A. CARPENTER, C. R. HILL, V. R. MCCREADY and K. J. B. TAYLOR, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. 106. Ultrasonic examination for the differential diagnosis of cysts and tumours of the kidney. H. H. DAVIDTS, H. KAULEN and K. F. ALBRECHT, Urologische Klinik, St~idtische Krankenanstalten, Wuppertal-Barmen, Federal Republic of Germany

107. Clinical applicati°n °f 'tw°-dimcnsi°nal ech°eneephal°graphy'. J. KOPEk, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Warsaw, Poland 108. The importance of echoencephalography in the diagnosis of intracranial midline tumors." G. LAUSBERGand C. L. GELETNEKY, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, and Department of Neurology, City Hospital, Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany

98.

On the design of a multi element acoustic transducer. C. T. LANCISE,The Thorax Center, Medical Faculty, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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103. Quantized color ultrasonography (a computer aided simultaneous tomogram method): diagnosis of early breast cancer and other applications. H YOKOlI , T. TATSUr~I1 and K. 1TO2, INissei Hospital, Itachibori, Nishi-ku, Osaka, and 2Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co. Ltd., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

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110. Ultrasonic Doppler velocity meter by double Msequence modulation method. S. OHTSUKI and M. OKUJIMA, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan 111. Iutracranial echo pulsation curves in cerebrovascular occlusive diseases. M, OKA. T. NISHn, Y. MARUSASAand H. MORIWAKI, Department of Neurosurgery, Wakayama Medical College, Wakayama, Japan 112. Ultrasonic investigation of retinal detachment treated by sialestic plombs. G. R. SUTHERLAND and J. WILLIAMSON,Department of Radiology and Ophthalmology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, U.K. 113. Tomo-echographic diagnosis of arterial wall dissection and dissecting aneurysms: 'the double-wall sign'. F. WEILL, J. C. BECKER, J. R. KRAEHENBUHL and J. P. RICATTE, Service de Radiologie, C.H.U., Besam;on, France

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