Selected abstract and reference generated from EMBASE

International Journal of Pediatric Ororhinolaryngology, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.

21 (1991) 193- 199

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Selected Abstracts and References generated from EMBASE Abstracts Endoscopy of the cochlea during co&ear implantation Balkany T. ANN. OTOL. RHINOL. LARYNGOL. (1990) 99/11 (919-922) We have previously demonstrated that multichannel co&ear implants may be effective in partially obstructed cochleas. In practice, however, it may be difficult to determine whether electrode insertion is feasible prior to attempting it. Initial trials with a flexible fiberoptic otologic endoscope on 10 cadaver temporal bones were previously reported. On the basis of these trials, endoscopy of the inferior segment of the cochlea during cochlear implantation seemed feasible. In the present study, the same endoscope was used on eight subjects undergoing co&ear implantation, six of whom had partially obstructed cochleas. Endoscopy was found to be helpful in visualizing obstructed segments, determining patency after the obstruction was removed, and identifying normal structures of the cochlea. Documentation with videotape and 35-mm photography constitutes the majority of this paper. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure for monitoring patients with severe croup Fanconi S.; Burger R.; Maurer H.; Uehlinger J.; Ghelfi D.; Mutdemann C. J. PEDZATR. (1990) 117/5 (701-705) In a prospective investigation of 17 children with severe croup, we analyzed the effect of epinephrine inhalations and mild sedation with &oral hydrate on transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (tcPCO,), pulse oximetry measurements, and croup scores. There was a highly significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the tcPCOz values and croup scores after inhalation of epinephrine. The changes in the tcPC0, values correlated with the clinical findings. Mild sedation also significantly improved the croup scores but failed to influence the tcPCO’2 values. There was not statistically significant difference in pulse oximetry saturation, fraction of administered oxygen, heart rate, or respiratory rate before and after inhalation of epinephrine or chloral hydrate administration. Monitoring tcPC0, appears to be a reliable and objective tool for managing patients with upper airway obstruction, whereas croup scores may be misleading. Statistical analysis of word-initial /k/ and /t/ produced by normal and phonologically disordered children Forrest K.; Weismer G.; Hodge M.; Dinnsen D.A.; Elbert M. CLIN. LINGUIST. PHONETICS (1990) 4/4 (327-340) The acoustic characteristics of voiceless velar and alveolar stop consonants were investigated for normally articulating and phonologically disordered children using spectral moments. All the disordered children were perceived to product /t/ for /k/, with /k/ being absent from their phonetic inventories. Approximately 828 of the normally articulating children’s consonants were classified correctly by discriminant function analysis, on the basis of the mean (first moment), skewness (third moment) and kurtosis (fourth moment) derived from the first 40 ms of the VOT interval. When the discriminant function developed for the normally articulating children was applied to the speech of the phonologically disordered group of children, no distinction was made between the velar and alveolar stops. Application of the model to the speech of individual children in the disordered group revealed that one child produced distinct markings to the velar-alveolar contrast. Variability measures of target /t/ and /k/ utterances indicated greater variability in this disordered child’s productions compared with the normally articulating children. Phonological analysis of this child’s speech after treatment, in which the velar-alveolar contrast was not treated, revealed target appropriate productions of both /t/ and /k/. By contrast, the other three phonologically disordered children, for whom no acoustic distinction was found between target (t/ and target/k/, did not evidence any knowledge of the contrast after treatment with other target phonemes.

194 Spiral modiolar vein: Its importance in inner ear inflammation Harris J.P.; Fukuda S.; Keithley E.M. ACTA OTO-LARYNGOL. (1990) 110/5-6 (357-365) The inner ear responds immunologically to foreign proteins and pathogens introduced into the cochlea. The route of entry of the cells participating in the inner ear inflammatory process is the sdiral modiolar vein with its collecting venules. Since this vein is located adjacent to the Scala tympani, the end result of cellular infiltration is fibro-osseous obliteration of this Scala preferentially. This observation has implications for the placement of cochlear implant electrodes of patients with labyrinthitis as the cause of hearing loss. Who shall he called language disordered? Some reflections and one perspective Lahey M. J. SPEECH HEAR. DISORD. (1990) 55/4 (612-620) This paper discusses some issues involved in identifying children who have language problems. The perspective taken is that (a) the goal of identification must be clearly distinguished from other goals of assessment; (b) identification of children with language disorders is better based on language performance than .on inferences about the language knowledge that underlies this performance; (c) language performance must be sampled in more than one context, including, for purposes of identification, contexts that stress the language system; (d) the standards of expectations for comparing performance and determining differences must be explicit; (e) standards used to determine differences are better based on the performance of chronological-age peers than on the performance of children with similar mental abilities; and (f) children who do not evidence poor language performance but are considered at risk for language-related problems should be distinguished from children who demonstrate poor language skills. External ear resonance in children with otitis media with effusion MacKenzie K.; Dempster J.H. CLIN. OTOLARYNGOL. ALLIED SCZ. (1990) 15/5 (415-420) A middle ear effusion has been shown, in KEMAR, to increase the height of the resonant peak of the external auditory canal by 6 dB SPL. It has also been shown that the hearing impairment due to otitis media with effusion is related to the volume of middle ear fluid. Therefore, it was hypothesized that measurement of the height of the resonant peak of the external auditory canal could be used as a method of assessing the magnitude of any hearing impairment due to otitis media with effusion. 182 ears from 182 children aged 3-12 (mean 6.3) years were studied. Pure-tone audiometry and impedance tympanometry were performed, and the acoustics of the external auditory canal were measured using the Rastronics Ccl-10 frequency response analyser. The mean height of the resonant peak (17.9 dB SPL) of children with a type A tympanogram was significantly different from the mean value (23.6 dB SPL) of those with a type B tympanogram. There was a significant correlation between the height of the resonant peak and the speech frequency average of the pure-tone thresholds. The sensitivity and specificity of using the height of the resonant peak to detect hearing impairments in different age groups were calculated and compared with the sensitivity and specificity of tympanometry. The test did not provide the same degree of sensitivity as tympanometry but was more specific. The additional advantages of the test are that it is quick, taking less than 1 min per ear, and is well tolerated by children in whom there was a 99% compliance. It is suggested that measurement of the height of the resonant peak of the external auditory canal holds potential as a quick and objective method of screening and monitoring the hearing impairment of children with otitis media with effusion. Evaluation of epiglottoplasty as treatment for severe laryngomalacia Marcus C.L.; Crockett D.M.; Davidson Ward S.L. J. PEDZATR. (1990) 117/5 (706-710) Six patients with severe laryngomalacia underwent epiglottoplasty. Four of these patients had life-threatening episodes of airway obstruction before surgery: of these, two had required tracheal intubation and one had required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Two patients had failure to thrive and two had car pulmonale. Patients had required a mean of two hospitalizations related to upper airway obstruction. We performed polysomnography during a daytime nap, both before and after epiglottoplasty, in all patients. Respiratory effort, arterial oxygen saturation, and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure were monitored with

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continuous electrocardiograms and electrooculograms. All patients had abnormal polysomnograms preoperatively. Six patients had obstructive apnea, four had hypoxemia (arterial oxygen saturation < 90% while breathing room air), and four had hypoventilation (end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure > 45 mm Hg) before epiglottoplasty. Mean age (+ SEM) at epiglottoplasty was 10.3 + 5.3 months. No patients had surgical complications. An endotracheal tube was in place for 25 f 7 hours postoperatively, and patients were discharged 4 f 1 days postoperatively. Polysomnography performed 2.8 + 1.0 months after surgery showed that all patients had improved. Two patients had residual, mild episodes of obstructive apnea. and one patient had mild hypoventilation and desaturation. No patient had further life-threatening events or required further hospitalizations after epiglottoplasty. We conclude that epiglottoplasty is an effective and safe treatment for a selected group of patients with severe laryngomalacia. The tons&u immune system: Its response to exogenous antigens Mitani T.; Tomoda K.; Maeda N.; Yamashita T.; Kumazawa T. ACT,4 OTO-LARYNGOL SUPPL. (1990) -/475 (1-14) The palatine tonsil is the only lymphoid organ directly exposed to the outside environment. This characteristic anatomical feature appears to be immunologically significant with the defence activity primarily directed against exogenous antigens. However, the palatine tonsil is also often the site of secondary diseases, such as focal infections. This study investigated how the tonsil responds to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) dropped into the crypts and the effects of this response on the regional lymph node and the kidney as a distant organ. HRP entered through the microcrypts was phagocytosed by macrophages, gathered mostly around the vessels and emigrated to the regional lymph nodes, Anti-HRP antibody-producing cells were observed not only in the tonsil but also in the regional lymph node. In this long-term study with repeated immunization, fusion of the epithelial foot process and reduction of the anionic charge in the glomerulus were often found electron microscopically. This investigation suggest that the tonsil has important roles in the defence activity in relation to the general immune system; otherwise it becomes a primary site for focal infections. A multicenter trial of nedocromil sodium, 1% nasal solution, compared with cromolyn sodium and placebo in ragweed seasonal allergic rhinitis Schuiler D.E.; Selcow J-E.; Juos T.H.; Hannaway P.J.; Hirsch S.R.; Schwartz H.J.; Filley W.V.; Fink J.N. J. ALLERGY CLIN. IMMUNOL. (1990) 86/4 I (554-561) This study was a double-blind, parallel-group study to evaluate a new medication, nedocromil sodium, 18, in comparison with placebo and cromolyn sodium, 4% for treatment of ragweed seasonal allergic rhinitis. Two hundred thirty-three patients (aged 12 to 65 years) from eight centers were randomized to treatment, one spray per nostril, four times daily, with nedocromil sodium, cromolyn sodium, or matched placebo (80, 76, and 77 patients, respectively). All patients had at least a 2-year history of ragweed seasonal allergic rhinitis. Threatment was for 8 weeks during the ragweed season, and daily pollen counts were used to identify the peak 3-week period. Clinical examinations were made before and after the l-week baseline and after 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks of treatment. Rhinitis symptoms were recorded each day by the patients. Nedocromil sodium was more effective than placebo (p < 0.05) in relieving symptoms as recorded by the patients. Cromolyn sodium was also more effective than placebo, but the difference was not usually significant. Similarly, the active treatments were both better than placebo for clinical parameters measured at visits and for global opinions of treatment, and more rescue therapy was used by the placebo-treated group. There was no significant difference between the two active treatments, but the trend throughout was in favor of nedocromil sodium. Our findings demonstrated nedocromil sodium to be at least as effective as an established therapy (cromolyn sodium) in reducing symptoms of rhinitis during the peak ragweek pollen season. Delayed detection of congenital hearing loss in high risk infants Wild N.J.; Sheppard S.; Smithells R.W.; Holzel H.; Jones G. BR. MEDJ. (1990) 301/6757 (903-905) Objective - To examine the methods used to investigate children at high risk of congenital hearing impairment, and to see whether the introduction of evoked response audiometry has reduced the mean age at which hearing loss is identified. Design - Clinicians who notified children to the national congenital rubella surveillance programme were asked retrospectively to complete a questionnaire

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examining the methods used to identify hearing impairment and the age at testing in two consecutive five year cohorts. The presence or absence of hearing loss was confirmed by obtaining the results of audiometric evaluations and, whenever possible, a recent pure tone audiogram. Setting - The United Kingdom. Patients - Children notified to the national congenital rubella surveillance programme and born in 1978-87 in whom IgM specific for rubella was detected shortly after birth. Main outcome measures - The age at which hearing loss was identified and the degree of loss in decibels at 250, 500, lCOO,2OGO, and 4000 Hz measured by pure tone audiometry. Results - 61 (52%) Of 117 children born in 1978-82 had a hearing impairment of 40 dB or greater in both ears. The mean loss was 93 dB. In the following five years 75 (47%) of 159 children had impaired hearing, their mean loss being 96 dB. The age at which the hearing loss was confirmed decreased from 11.6 to 9.8 months as a result of earlier auditory evoked response testing. Nevertheless, only eight (13%) of the children with hearing impairment born in 1978-82 and 16 (21X) of those born in 1983-7 had these tests performed in the first six months of life. Conclusions - Unacceptable delays in identifying hearing loss occurred in this high risk group because of failure to arrange auditory evoked response testing in early infancy. Evoked response audiometry is sensitive and specific and should be undertaken within the first few months of life for all infants known to be at risk of sensorineural hearing loss.

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198 Khanobthamchai K.; Bingham B.; Hawke M.; Quelprud’s nodule: A post-auricular cartilaginous nodule; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 104/H (860-861)/1990/ Kiernan B.; Swisher L.; The initial learning of novel English words: Two single-subject experiments with minority-language children; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 33/4 (707-716)/1990/ Krupp S.; Management of cleft lip and nose defects: One or more operations?; SCAND.J. PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG. HAND SURG.; 24,‘3 (233-239)/1990/ Kurihara K.; Ohno Y.; Ninomiya K.; A study of bilateral cleft lip repairs; JPN.J. PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG.; 33/10 (955-967)/1990/ Le C.T.; Lindgren B.R.; Statistical methods for determining risk factors of chronic otitis media with effusion; STAT. MED.; 9/12 (1495-1500)/1990/ Levine A.B.; Alvarez M.; Wedgwood J.; Berkowitz R.L.; Holzman I.; Contemporary management of a potentially lethal fetal anomaly: A successful perinatal approach to epignathus; OBSTET. GYNECOL.; 76/5 II SUPPL. (962-966)/1990/ Maeda K.; Sasaski K.; Essentional points for successful bilateral cleft lip surgery; JPN.J. PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG.; 33/10 (969-978)/1990/ Martin W.S.; Gussack G.S.; Pediatric penetrating head and neck trauma; LARYNGOSCOPE; 100/12 (1288-1291)/1990/ Matsuo K.; Hirose T.; Secondary correction of the unilateral cleft lip nose using a conchal composite graft; PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG.; 86/5 (991-995)/1990/ Maurizi M.; Almadori G.; Paludetti G.; Ottaviani F.; Rosignoli M.; Luciano R.; 40-Hz steady-state responses in newborns and in children; AUDIOLOGY; 29/6 (322-328)/1990/ Meyers S.C.; Verbal behaviors of preschool stutterers and conversational partners: Observing reciprocal relationships; J. SPEECH HEAR. DISORD.; 55/4 (706-712)/1990/ Millard D.R. Jr.; Latham R.A.; Improved primary surgical and dental treatment of clefts; PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG.; 86/5 (856-871)/1990/ Mineo B.A.; Goldstein H.; Generalized learning of receptive and expressive action-object responses by language-delayed preschoolers; J. SPEECH HEAR. DISORD.; 55/4 (665-678)/1990/ Mora J.A.; Exposito M.; Solis C.; Barajas J.J.; Filter effects and low stimulation rate on the middle-latency response in newborns; AUDIOLOGY; 29/6 (329-335)/1990/ Motohiro T.; Handa S.; Yamada S.; Oki S.; Tsumura N.; Yoshinaga Y.; Aramaki M.; Shimada Y.; Kawakami A.; Koga T.; Sakata Y.; Yamashita F.; Takajo N.; Nimniya M.; Sakuma H.; Matsumoto K.; Imai S.; Tanaka K.; Matsukuma Y.; et al; Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir 5% fine granules in pediatrics; JPN.J. ANTIBIOT.; 43/10 (1813-1835)/1990/ Mu L.; Sun D.; He P.; Radiological diagnosis of aspirated foreign bodies in children: Review of 343 cases; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 104/10 (778-782)/1990/ Murthy D.P.; Gupta A.C.; Igo J.D.; Maku J.; Joku M.; Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis: Report of five cases from Papua New Guinea; ANN. TROP. PAEDIATR.; 10/l (117-122)/1990/ Nakamura M.; Plante E.; Swisher L.; Predictors of novel inflection learning by preschool-aged boys; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 33/4 (747-754)/1990/ Nicklaus P.J.; Crysdale W.S.; Conley S.; White A.K.; Sendi K.; Forte V.; Evaluation of neonatal subglottic stenosis: A 3-year prospective study; LARYNGOSCOPE; 100/11 (1185-1190)/1990/ Nobumasa Y.; Isamu S.; Haruo T.; Yoshie H.; Shoji M.; Histologic study of eustachian tube cartilage with and without congenital anomalies: A preliminary study; ANN. OTOL. RHINOL. LARYNGOL.; 99/12 (984-987)/1990/ Nozaki S.; Hosaka Y.; A case of microtia with a fistula and an almost normal auricular carilage; JPN.J. PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG.; 33/10 (1005-1009)/1990/ Nussbaum E.; Maggi J.C.; Laryngomalacia in children; CHEST; 98/4 (942-944)/1990/ Olling S.; Lind L.; Roos K.; Karlsson G.; Granstrom G.; Renvall U.; Cytological and bacteriological aspects of secretory otitis media; APMIS; 98/10 (896-900)/1990/ Portier H.; Chavanet P.; Gouyon J.B.; Guetat F.; Five day treatment of pharyngotonsillitis with cefpodoxime proxetil; J. ANTIMICROB. CHEMOTHER.; 26/SUPPL. E (79-85)/1990/ Portmann M.; Dauman R.; Negrevergne M.; Cazenave M.; The prognostic value of the stapedius reflex in peripheral facial palsy; EAR NOSE THROAT J.; 69/10 (696-697)/1990/ Roesler J.; Melter M.; Emmendorffer A.; Rohde S.; Brodehl J.; Recurrent aphthous stomatitis of a

199 disease; MONATS15-year-old carrier for x-linked cytochrome bsss negative chronic granulomatous SCHR. KINDERHEILKD.; 138/12 (811-813)/1990/ Rosin D.F.; Handler SD.; Potsic W.P.; Wetmore R.F.; Tom L.W.C.; Vocal cord paralysis in children; LARYNGOSCOPE; lOO/ll (1174-1179)/1990/ Sainz Arregui J.; Gaviria R.; San Sebastian R.; Ezquerra F.; Berrazueta M.; Aesthetic otoplasty: The key point; EUR. J. PLAST. SURG.; 13/6 (258-262)/1990/ Schendel S.A.; Sports-related nasal injuries; PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED.; 18/10 (59-60+ 62 + 65-66 + 71-72 + 74)/1990/ Schumacher R.E.; Spak C.; Kileny P.R.; Asymmetric brain stem auditory evoked responses in infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EAR HEAR.; 11/5 (359-362)/1990/ Shriberg L.D.; Kwiatkowski J.; Snyder T.; Tabletop versus microcomputer-assisted speech management: Response evocation phase; J. SPEECH HEAR. DISORD.; 55/4 (635-655)/1990/ Sirimanna KS.; Madden G.J.; Miles S.M.; The use of long-acting penicillin in the prophylaxis of recurrent tonsillitis; J. OTOLARYNGOL.; 19/5 (343-344)/1990/ Skarakis-Doyle E.; Mullin K.; Comprehension monitoring in language-disordered children: A preliminary investigation of cognitive and linguistic factors; J. SPEECH HEAR. DISORD.: 55/4 (700-705)/1990/ Smit A.B.; Hand L.; Freilinger J.J.; Bernthal J.E.; Bird A.; The Iowa Articulation Norms Project and its Nebraska replication; J. SPEECH HEAR. DISORD.; 55/4 (779-798)/1990/ Saucy P.; Cimone G.; Carpenter B.; An unusual intraoral mass in a child: The organ of Chievitz; J. PEDIATR. SURG.; 25/11 (1200)/1990/ Spigland N.; Bensoussan A.L.; Blanchard H.; Russo P.; Aberrant cervical thymus in children: Three case reports and review of the literature; J. PEDIATR. SURG.; 25/11 (1196-1199)/1990/ Stapells D.R.; Picton T.W.; Durieux-Smith A.; Edwards C.G.; Moran L.M.; Thresholds for short-latency auditory-evoked potentials to tones in notched noise in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects: AUDIOLOGY; 29/5 (262-274)/1990/ Stenfors L.-E.; Raisanen S.; Quantitative analysis of the bacterial findings in otitis media: J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 104/10 (749-757)/1990/ Stuart A.; Yang E.Y.; Stenstrom R.; Effect of temporal area bone vibrator placement on auditory brain stem response in newborn infants: EAR HEAR.; 11/5 (363-369)/1990/ Tange 1.; A review of bilateral cleft lip repairs performed 15 or more years ago; JPN. J. PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG.; 33/10 (947-953)/1990/ Taylor J.L.: Hockey M.S.; Rhodes A.; Smith M.E.; Hughes S.; Braithwaite R.A.; Disintegration of mercury disc cells in simulated gastric juice: Implications for management of disc cell ingestion; ARCH. EMERG. MED.; 7/2 (lOO-107)/1990/ Teunissen B.: Cremers W.R.J.; Huygen P.L.M.; Pouwels P.B.M.; Isolated congenital stapes ankylosis: Surgical results in 32 ears and a review of the literature; LARYNGOSCOPE; 100/12 (13311336)/1990/ Vallino L.D.; Speech, velopharyngeal function, and hearing before and after orthognathic surgery; J. ORAL MAXILLOFAC. SURG.; 48/12 (1274-1281)/1990/ Weber C.M.; Smith A.; Autonomic correlates of stuttering and speech assessed in a range of experimental tasks; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 33/4 (690-706)/1990/ Wells T.R.; Wells A.L.; Galvis D.A.; Senac M.O. Jr.; Landing B.H.; Vachon L.A.; Diagnostic aspects and syndromal associations of short trachea with bronchial intubation; AM. J. DIS. CHILD.; 144/12 (1369-1371)/1990/ Wilcox M.J.; Kouri T.A.; Caswell S.; Partner sensitivity to communication behavior of young children with developmental disabilities; J. SPEECH HEAR. DISORD.; 55/4 (679-693)/1990/ Wilson P.S.; Snow D.G.; O’Connel J.; Proops D.W.; Barrow M.; Role of routine fluid replacement in children undergoing tonsillectomy; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 104/10 (801-802)/1990/ Wright R.G.; Murthy D.P.; Gupta A.C.; Cox N.; Cooke R.A.; Comparative in situ hybridisation study of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis in Papua New Guinea and Australia; J. CLIN. PATHOL.; 43/12 (1023-1025)/1990/ Yousem D.M.; Lexa F.J.; Bilaniuk L.T.; Zimmerman R.I.; Rhabdomyosarcomas in the head and neck: MR imaging evaluation; RADIOLOGY; 177/3 (683-686)/1990/ Zwicker E.; Schorn K.; Delayed evoked otoacoustic emissions - An ideal screening test for excluding hearing impairment in infants; AUDIOLOGY; 29/5 (241-251)/1990/