Selected abstracts and references generated from EMBASE

INlERNATI@Ml JOliWAl OF

Pediatric International

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Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 31 (1995) 275-287

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Selected abstracts and references generated from EMBASE Abstracts Which clUdrea are being operated on for rexurrent acute otitis media? Alko O.P.; Koivu M.; Sorri M.; Oja H.; Kilkku 0. ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG. (1994) 12018 (807-81 I) Objective: To examine at the population level which children were operated on for recurrent acute otitis media episodes, how ill they were, and what factors affected the operation rate. Design: A retrospective birth cohort with an approximate 2-year follow-up. Infection data were gathered from medical records, and background information was gathered from questionnaires. Setting: Primary health care centers, hospitals, and private practices in 10 randomly selected local government districts in the two northernmost provinces of Finland. Subjects: A random sample of 2512 children from the cohort. Outcome Measures: Adenoidectomy and/or tympanostomy tube insertion. Results: Only one of IO of those with actual recurrent disease (cg4 episodes) had been operated on, and three of every five children operated on, in fact, had rather few episodes. The operation rate among those children with only a few episodes was increased by factors such as consulting an ear, nose, and throat specialist (risk ratio [RR], 13.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6 to 22.2); parental exaggeration of the episodes (RR, 6.7; 95% Cl, 3.8 to 11.9); having the first episode under 6 months of age (RR, 4.5; 95% Cl, 2.5 to 7.9); recurrent respiratory tract infections (RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9 to 5.7); male sex (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.6); urban domicile (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, I. I to 4.9); and day care (RR, 2.1; 95% CL 1. I to 3.8). The decision to operate was more or less a random phenomenon among those children with numerous episodes. Conclusions: Physicians at the primary care level should be familiar with these pitfalls concerning patient selection so that the operations are targeted at those children who are most seriously ill. HIstory of lo utero cncainc exposure in Ianguagc4elryed children AngeliUi M.L.; Fir H.; Llelamey-Black V.; Rubimtein M.; Ager J.W.; Sokol R.J. CLIN. PEDIATR. (1994) 3319 (514-516) To determine whether children with language delays are more likely to have been exposed to cocaine in utero than children with normal language development, a case-control study was undertaken. Based on routine off~ce screening in our primary-care clinic over a I-year period, we identified 29 consecutive children, aged 24 to 48 months, as language-delayed. They were compared with an approximate 2: I match of children without language delay who had been seen in the clinic on the same days and who were of similar age. There was more reported cocaine use during pregnancy (six of 29,21%) among the language-delayed children than among the controls (five of 71, 7%). This difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05, x2 = 3.92; odds ratio = 3.4 f 2.2). Discriminant analysis revealed that both cocaine and nicotine ape sure were associated with delayed language development-with an unexpected negative, i.e., an antagonistic, protective, interactive effect (F[3,96] = 4.66, R* = l2.7%, P c 0.005); neither gendernor caretaker contributed to language development in this sample. These results suggest that children with language delay detected in a clinical setting are more likely to have been exposed in utero to cocaine than children with normal language development. Prenatal cocaine exposure should be a risk factor in monitoring development in children. 0165-5876/95/$09.50 0 1995 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved SSDI 0165-5876(94)01123-F

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clinical outcome of acute otitis media cnosed by pneumococci with decreased susceptibility to pwieiliio Barry B.; Celunoo P.; Blmnen M.; Boucot I.

SCAND. J. INFECT. DIS. (1994) 26i4 (446-452) Raw data from 4 clinical studies involving pre-inclusion paracentesiswere pooled to assessdemographic characteristics and clinical outcome of acute otitis media (AOM) due to S. pneumoniae with decreased susceptibility to penicillin (SpRP). Children in the age range 3 months to IO years were treated with @lactam antibiotics for IO days. 54 children with SpRP AOM were compared with I82 children with penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal (SpSP) (AOM). The groups were found comparable with regard to sex, age at first AOM, and frequency of earlier bouts of AOM. SpRP AOM was significantly more frequent before age I8 months (40154versus 851166in the SpRP group; p = 0.003)and associatedwith more clinical failure on days 4-10 (IO/54vs. 14/166;p= 0.03).These results suggestthat the antibiotic treatment used to treat AOM in children under I8 months should be reconsideredin areas with a high incidence of SpRP. ‘Appropriateness’ of tympanostomy tubes: Setting the record strsigbt Bloestone CD.; Klein J.O.; Gates G.A.

ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG. (1994) l20/10 (1051-1053) In a recent article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), Kleinman and colleaguesdescribed their analysis of data on children who were insured by companies that used Value Health Sciences(VHS) for utilization review and who were proposed to have tympanostomy tube placement by their physicians. The analysis by employees of VHS determined that 27% of the procedures for tympanostomy tubes were ‘inappropriate’ indications and 32% had ‘equivocal’ indications; only 41% of the procedureshad ‘appropriate’ indications. As members of the expert panel who were invited by VHS to develop criteria for indications for tube insertion, we are not only concerned about many aspectsof that publication, but also about the process that was used to arrive at the criteria, the aftermath of our involvement, and the potential implications these methods have on the future of delivery of health care in this country. The following is our attempt to describe the method, point out flaws in the process,and identify the obvious problems in the article by Kleinman and his colleagues,so that other physicians can benefit from our experience as participants in a utilization review by a for-profit company. To set the record straight, we present our current recommendation for tympanostomy tube insertion for the most frequently encounteredconditions, recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion, based on our analysis of results of randomized clinical trials. Floctoating rod/or progressive sensorineural bearing los in children Bruokhm P.E.; Worthgton D.W.; Kelly W.J.

LARYNGOSCOPE (1994) 104/8 I (958-964) Sensorineuralhearing loss (SNHL) which is sudden in onset, fluctuating, and/or progressive complicates medical management, hearing aid selection, and individualized educational planning for a hearingimpaired child. In spite of multidisciplinary evaluation and intervention, a gradual decreasein auditory acuity may continue unabated in a significant number of cases.Intercurrent middle ear diseaseand inconsistent audiologic technique can account for threshold variation in somecases.The study population consisted of 229 children (132 boys; 97 girls) aged I to 19.9years at first audiogram which revealed at least a mild degree of sensorineural hearing loss in one or both ears (35 unilateral), and who demonstrated threshold variation of IO dB or more in at least one ear at one or more of the standard audiometric test frequencies(250, 500, 1000,2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz) and were without concurrent middle ear disease (mean length of follow-up, 4.9 years; mean number of audiograms, 10.3). Of 365 ears demonstrating threshold variation of IO dB or more, 22 (6%) had purely progressive losseswithout intercurrent upward fluctuation, 208 (57%) had fluctuating thresholds with gradually progressive losses,and I35 (37%) had intermittent threshold fluctuation without permanent deterioration. The probability of contralateral threshold fluctuation if one ear fluctuated was 0.91, while the probability of contralateral progressive SNHL if one ear progressedwas 0.67. Demographic data, presumptive etiology, degree of initial SNHL, audiometric configuration, and symmetry of threshold variation were considered as potential predictors of the likelihood of threshold fluctuation and/or progression.

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Status of Stveptococcuppoeumoniaeresistance to penicillin G in current bacteriological epidemiology of o&is media hl children Garabedb E.N.; Bell&y A.; Tashjian G.; Ghiassi B.; Vu Thiin H.; Begue P. MED. MAL. INFECT. (1994) 24sPEC. KS. JUNE (674-680) Between 1st January (1992) and 15 April (1993), we sent 664 samples of pus from casesof otitis media to the Microbiology Laboratory of the Trousseau Hospital. Of these, 491 gave positive results, (352 batteries) while the remaining 26,1%were negative (i.e. sterile) when cultivated. The main bacteria were: Haemophilus influenzae 48% (28% &lactamase+), Streptococcuspneumoniae 3oU/u (14% sensitive to Penicillin), pseudomonasaeruginosa7%, Staphylococcus aureus 9%. 104pneumococci were isolated (30% of the micro organisms found), of which 54 exhibited decreased sensitivity to Penicillin, i.e. 52% of the pneumococciisolated. The MIC of 47 of thesepneumococci exceeded1 mg/l and they were therefore resistant to Penicillin G (45%). As E.N.T. specialists, our concern was to evaluate the extent of pneumococci resistance(MIC I mg/l) in relation to the characteristics of the otitis examined, whether initial acute otitis media, relapsing acute otitis media, or lingering otitis. In these diseases,the percentage of resistant pneumococci (MIC I mg) showed a regular increase as the number of relapses and then the chronicity of the otitis increased,such that 50% of the pneumococci isolated during the 1st trimester of (1993) were resistant. The therapeutic approach adopted in our Department is to increase the dosage of Amoxicillin (150 mg/kg/d) and combine it with Rifampin (20 mg/kg/d) during initial treatment. ltdiogmphic imaging studies in pediatric chronic sinusitis Garcia D.P.; Corbett M.L.; Eberly S.M.; Joyce M.R.; Le H.T.; Karibo J.M.; Pence H.L.; Nguyen K.-L. J. ALLERGY CLIN. IMMVNOL. (1994) 9413(523-530) Background: The diagnosis of chronic sinusitis is dependent on the radiographic evidence of sinus disease. Methods: We evaluated the performance of radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scansfor the examination of the paranasal sinusesof 91 patients of both sexes,ranging in age from 2 to 17 years, who had chronic upper respiratory tract symptoms for at least 3 months. The CT scan findings were categorized as no disease;minimal disease,and mild, moderate, and severe sinusitis. Results: Fifty-eight patients (63%) had chronic sinusitis: CT scan abnormalities were minimal in 17%,mild in 19%,moderate in 21%, and severein 43%. There was a statistically significant correlation between rhinorrhea (r = 0.25,p = 0.01) cough (r = 0.27,p = OX@), and the severity of sinus abnormality as determined by CT scan. Clinical presentation in the mild, moderate, and severesinusitis groups (p < 0.05) was significantly different from that of the no disease group, whereas the minimal disease group had subclinical presentation (P = 0.1I). Clinically significant chronic sinusitis often occurred at multiple sites: 44% of patients had pansinusitis, 50% had diseaseinvolvement of at least two sinuses,and 6% had diseasein a single sinus. When sinus radiographs were compared with CT scans(n = 70 cases),radiographs could not identify minimal disease. For clinically significant sinusitis, sinus radiographs detected diseasein 1 of 5 (20%) frontal sinuses,0 of 12(0%) sphenoidal sinuses,and I7 of 31 (54%) ethmoidal sinuses.With the minimal criteria of 40 to 50% opacification or fluid level filling of the maxillary antrum, radiographs detected diseasein 37 of 49 (75%) cases.The sensitivity and specificity for a Waters view to confirm clinically significant chronic sinusitis without specifying the sitesand severity were acceptable at 76% and 81%, respectively. When limited sinus CT scanswere compared with full CT evaluation (n = 49 cases),limited studies detected 5 of 5 (100%) frontal, 9 of 11 (82%) sphenoidal, I4 of I9 (73%) ethmoidal, and 39 of 40 (97%) cases of maxillary sinusitis. The overall agreementwas 88%. Conclusions: A single Waters view is an acceptable part of the initial evaluation of pediatric chronic sinusitis; however, a limited CT scan is a better alternative. Developmentof fetal hearing Hepper PG.; Sluhidullah B.S. ARCH. DIS. CHILD. (1994) 7113SUPPL. (F8l-F87) Previous researchhas revealed that the human fetus responds to sound, but to date there has been little systematic investigation of the development of fetal hearing. The development of fetal behavioural responsivenessto pure tone auditory stimuli (100 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000Hz, and 3000Hz) was examined from I9 to 35 weeks of gestational age. Stimuli were presented by a loudspeaker placed on the maternal abdomen and the fetus’s response,a movement, recorded by ultrasound. The fetus responded first to the 500 Hz tone, where the first responsewas observed at 19 weeks of gestational age. The range of frequen-

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ties respondedto expanded tint downwards to lower frequencies, 100Hz and 250 Hz, and then upwards to higher frequencies, 1000Hz and 3000 Hz. At 27 weeks of gestational age, 96% of fetuses responded to the 250 Hz and 500 Hz tones but none responded to the 1000Hz and 3000 Hz tones. Responsiveness to 1000Hz and 3000Hz tones was observedin all fetusesat 33 and 35 weeksof gestational age, respectively. For all frequenciesthere was a large decrease(20-30 dB) in the intensity level required to elicit a response as the fetus matured. The observed pattern of behavioural responsivenessreflects underlying maturation of the auditory system.The sensitivity of the fetus to soundsin the low frequency range may promote language acquisition and result in increased susceptibility to auditory system damage arising from exposure to intense low frequency sounds. Dctenainants Of groti in children with the ob&octive Sleep apnea syndrome Mucus C.L.; Carroll J.L.; K-r C.B.; Hamer A.; Lutz J.; hgblio GM.

J. PEDIATR. (1994) l25/4 (556-562) Failure to thrive is a common complication of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). To further evaluate its cause, we obtained 3-day dietary records, anthropometric measurements,polysomnography, and measurementsof energy expenditure during sleep (SEE) in children with OSAS before and after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Fourteen children were studied (mean age, 4 l I (SD) years). During initial polysomnography, patients had 6 f 3 episodesof obstructive apnea/hr, an arterial oxygen saturation nadir of 85% f 8%, and peak end-tidal carbon dioxide tension of 52 f 6 mmHg. After surgery, OSAS resolved in all patients. The standard deviation score (z score) for weight increased from0.30 f 1.47to 0.04 f 1.34(p < 0.005),despite unaltered caloric intake (91 f 30 vs. 90 f 27 kcapkg per day; not significant). The initial SEE (averaged over all sleep states) was 51 f 6 kcalikg per day; postoperatively, it decreasedto 46 * 7 kcalikg per day (p < 0.005). Although SEE decreasedduring all sleep stages, the greatest decrease occurred during rapid eye movement sleep. The patients with the highest SEE on initial study had the lowest r scores(r = -0.62; p < 0.05).We conclude that SEE decreases and weight improves after resolution of OSAS. We speculate that the poor growth seenin some children with OSAS is secondary to increasedcaloric expenditure caused by increased work of breathing during sleep. The validity of toning fork tests io diagnosing bearing loss Miltonburg D.M.

J. OTOLARYNGOL. (1994) 2314(254-259) Tuning fork tests are subjective and responsebias must be accounted for when determining their validity as diagnostic tools. A significant proportion of patients who present for otologic evaluation have mixed hearing loss and it is important to know how this group responds to tuning fork testing. The need for masking in audiometry is indisputable but its role in tuning fork testing has never been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of tuning fork tests. The Weber, unmasked and masked Rinne, and Bing tests were administered in a prospective, random, and blind manner to 68 patients referred for audiologic assessment.Patients found to have normal hearing served as the control group. Signal Detection Theory was used to compare the results to pure-tone air- and bone-conduction audiometry. Overall the Rinne is an unbiased test with a sensitivity of 0.84 regardlessof the type, severity, or frequency of hearing loss. This is not improved by masking. There is no role for either the Weber or Bing as independent tests. Mixed hearing loss behaves as conductive hearing loss. The Rinne without masking should be administered to patients suspectedof having a hearing loss. Variables affecting implant performance in cbiklren Miyamoto R.T.; Osberger M.J.; Todd S.L.; Robbills A.M.; Stroer B.S.; Zimmerma~Pbillip A.E.

S.; Carwy

LARYNGOSCOPE (1994) 104/9(1120-1124) This study examined the variables that contribute to the large individual differencesin the speechperception skills of children with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Sixty-one children were tested on four measuresof speechperception: two tests of closed-setword recognition, one test of open-setrecognition of phrases, and one open-set monosyllabic word test, scored on the basis of the percentage of phonemes as well as words identified correctly. The results of a series of multiple regression analyses

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revealed that the variables of processor type, duration of deafness,communication mode, age at onset of deafness,length of implant use, and age implanted accounted for roughly 35% of the variance on two tests of closed-setword recognition, and 40% of the variance on measuresthat assessedrecognition of words or phomenesin an open set. Length of implant use accounted for the most variance on all of the speechperception measures. Language diwrders and learning disabilities in sckool-refusingadolescents Naylor M.W.; Staskowski M.; Kenney M.C.; Kiig C.A. J. AM. ACAD. CHILD ADOLESC. PSYCHIATRY (1994) 3319(1331-1337) Objective: We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that school-refusing adolescentshospitalized on an inpatient psychiatric unit have more language and learning disabilities than diagnosis-, age-, and sex-matched psychiatric controls. Method: The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised (WJTA-R), the WISC-R, the Adolescent Language ScreeningTest, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised, and the Test of Language Competence (TLC) were given to a group of wellcharacterized, primarily depressedschool refusers and matched psychiatric controls. Results: We found that school-refusing adolescentshad significantly lower WISC-R verbal intelligence scores, lower Math and Written Language subscalescoreson the WJTA-R, and lower scoreson the TLC than nonrefusers. School refusers were found to have a significantly higher incidence of both language impairments and learning disabilities than controls. Conclusions: We infer that academic and communicative frustration and the adolescent’sresulting inability to meet the academic and social demands in the school environment may play a role in the etiology of school refusal. Inllnenee of ewtackian tube dysfunctionon transiently evoked and distortion product otoacousticemissions Plinkert P.K.; Ptok M. Hh’O (1994) 42/7 (434-440) Middle ear impedance plays an important role in the retrograde middle ear transfer and interpretation of otoacoustic emissions (OAE). Changes of emission spectra and reproducibility or absenceof sound emissions can be caused by middle ear dysfunction. To avoid misinterpretation, especially in infant screening,we combined measurementsof transiently-evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE), distortion products (DPOAE) and middle ear pressure. With a single acoustic probe ear canal baro-pressure was adjusted individually to the middle ear pressure,allowing OAE to be measuredat maximum compliance of the middle ear. Fifty children (ages, 3-8 years) were examined with hypoventilation of the middle ear. Twenty-five normally hearing adults were also studied. Positive and negative middle ear pressures significantly attenuated the amplitude of low-frequency OAE (< 2 kHz), whereas high-frequency emissions were stable. Individual adaptations of static ear canal pressure eliminated these alterations of TEOAE and DPOAE. Fey receptor Ha (CD32) heterogeneity in patients with recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections SandersL.A.M.; Van de Winkel J.G.J.; Rijkers G.T.; Voorkorst-Ogink M.M.; De Haas M.; Cape1P.J.A.; Zegers B.J.M. J. INFECT. DIS. (1994) l70/4 (854-861) FcyRIIa (CD32) is the sole IgG Fc receptor capable of interaction with human IgG2, the main IgG subclass of bacterial capsular polysaccharides. The two genetically determined allotypes of human FcyRIIa, ForRIIa-RI31 and Ha-HI31 alleles, have functionally different reactivities with human IgG2. The capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) homozygous for FcyRIIa-H/HI31 for IgG2 opsonized bacteria is significantly higher than phagocytosis by PMNL homozygous for FcyRIIa-RIR131, independent of the FcyRIIIb-NAUNAZ (CDl6) allelic polymorphism. To test the clinical significance of these FcyR polymorphisms, FoyRIIa and FcyRIIIb phenotypes of 48 children with recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections were determined. FcyRIIa-H/H I31 was less than half that observed in 123 healthy adults (P= 0.01). IgG2 responses were low in 25 of 48 patients after immunization with pneumccoccal vaccine. These results suggest that FcyRIIa polymorphism may contribute to increased susceptibility to infections with encapsulated bacteria in a childhood population with low IgG2 anticarbohydrate antibodies.

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Pediatric chodhr impiant in cbiidren with heditary and preiinguai deafness. Remits Uziei A.; Mondaio M.; Rdiiard-Artieres F.; Piron J.; Vku A.; Sill0 M.; Durrieu J.-P.

J. FR. OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOL. (1994) 4315(341-345) Since (1989),24 children with hereditary deafness(mean age: 3,8) and 12 with prelingual deafness(mean age: $7) have been implanted with a Nucleus multielectrode implant. The purpose of this study is to show the evolution of performances in speechperception. After implantation, phoneme detection was quickly achieved. Close-set word and sentenceidentification test showed improvement from 6 months on after implantation. The performance of children with preiingual deafnesswas better than the one of children with hereditary deafness,this difference decreasingafter the 24th month. Open-set speechrecognition test started showing improvement in performance 12months after implantation and this performance was still increasing at the 36th month after implantation. 85% of implanted children were able to attend school (infant or primary school with orthophonic support) with children with normal hearing. Only 4 children out of 36 need full-time follow-up in a specialized center.

References Alho O.P.; Koivu M.; Sorri M.; Oja H.; Kilkku 0. Which children are being operated on for recurrent acute otitis media?; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 12018(807-811) /1994/ Aiper C.M.; Chan K.H.; Hill L.M.; Chenevey P. Antenatal dianosis of a conenitai nasolacrimal duct cyst by ultrasonoraphy: A case report; PRENATAL DIAGN.; 14/7 (623-626) /1994/ Altmann C. Grommets: Factors affecting extrusion time and reinsertion rates; AUST. J. OTOLARYNGOL.; l/6 (538-541) /1994/ Amir J.; Shechter Y.; Eilam N.; Varsano I. Group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis children younger than 5 years; ISR. J. MED. SCI.; 30/8 (619-622) /1994/ Angeliiii M.L.; Fischer H.; Delaney-Black V.; Rubinstein M.; Ager J.W.; Sokol R.J. History of in utero cocaine exposure in language-delayed children; CLIN. PEDIATR.; 33/9 (514-516) /1994/ Arguedas A.; Loaiza C.; Herrera J.F.; Mohs E. Antimicrobial therapy for children with chronic sup purative otitis media without cholesteatoma; PEDIATR. INFECT. DIS. J.; 13/10(878-882) /i994/ Arroyave C.M. Immunotherapy with high concentraton of allergens in pediatric patients with asthma or allergic rhinintis; REV. ALERGIA MEX.; 41/5 (121-125) /1994/ Aspin M.M.; Hoberman A.; McCarty J.; McLinn SE.; Aronoff S.; Lang D.J.; Arrieta A. Comparative study of the safety and eflicacy of clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media in children; J. PEDIATR.; 125/l (136-141) /1994/ Audouy H.; Mayot D.; Perrin P.; Perrin C.; Aubry F.; Toussaint B.; Simon C. Study about 25 acute ethmoiditis casesin children; J. FR. OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOL.; 43/4 (265-269) /1994/ Azzolini C.; Ughi F.; Azzolini A. Current surgical treatment of the sequelae of cervico-facial hemangiomas; RIV. ITAL. CHIR. PLAST.; 26/3 (243-257) /1994/ Babonis T.; Weir M.R.; Kelly P.C.; Krober M.S. Progression of tympanometry and acoustic reflectometry: Findings in children with acute otitis media; CLIN. PEDIATR.; 33/10 (593-w) /1994/ Bahr R. Therapy of children with developmental language disorders from a paedagogicai viewpoint; SPRACHE STIMME GEHOR; 18/2 (61-67) /1994/ Barry B.; Gehanno P.; Blumen M.; Boucot I. Clinical outcome of acute otitis media caused by pneumococci with decreasedsusceptibility to penicillin; SCAND. J. INFECT. DIS.; 26/4 (446-452) /1994/ Beitchman J.H.; Brownlie E.B.; Inglis A.; Wild J.; Mathews R.; Schachter D.; Kroll R.; Martin S.; Ferguson B.; Lancee W. Seven-year follow-up of speech/language-impaired and control children: SpeecManguage stability and outcome; J. AM. ACAD. CHILD ADOLESC. PSYCHIATRY; 33/9 (1322-1330) /1994/

BeIan A.; Rida A.; Hamoud N.; Riou B.; Vercel M. Hearing loss after general anaesthesia;ANN. FR. ANESTH. REANIM.; 13/3 (400-402) /1994/ Bento R.F.; Rezende V.A.; Soares I.P. Mastoidectomy: State of the art from the infectious view; REV. BRAS. OTORRINOLARINGOL.; 60/2 (98-102) /I9941 Berger G.; Ophir D. Possible role of adenoid mast cells in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media; ANN. OTOL. RHINOL. LARYNGOL.; 103/8 I (632-635) /1994/

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Berger R.; Friedrich G. Early detection of abnormal speechdevelopment in children - A methodical approach; SPRACHE STIMME GEHOR; ]8/2 (68-72) /I9941 Berkowitz R.G. Experience with anterior cricoid split for infantile sublottic stenosis; J. PAEDIATR. CHILD HEALTH; 3014(345-349) /1994/ BessaguetM.F.; Champy R.; ChassagnacF.; Defaye P.; Dumont Y.; Renaudie P.; Servole J.P.; Denis F.; Mounier M. Cefaclor concentrations in children medium ear; MED. MAL. INFECT.; 24/SPEC. ISS. JUNE (719-722) /1994/ Biederman G.R.; Dodson T.B.; Goldberg M.H. Epidemiologic review of facial infections in hospitalized pediatric patients; J. ORAL MAXILLOFAC. SURG.; Q/IO (1042-1045) /l994/ Blayney M.P.; Loan D.R. First thoracic vertebral body as 71/l SUPPL. (F32-F35) /1994/ Bluestone CD.; Klein J.O.; Gates G.A. ‘Appropriateness’ of tympanostomy tubes: Setting the record straight; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; l20/10 (1051-1053) /1994/ Boo N.Y.; Oakes M.; Lye MS.; Said H. Risk factors associated with hearin loss in term neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia; J. TROP. PEDIATR.; 40/4 (194-197) /1994/ Brine E.A.; Rickard K.A.; Brady M.S.; Liechty E.A.; Manatun a A.; Sadove M.; Bull M.J. Effectiveness of two feedin methods in improvinenery intake and growth of infants with cleft palate: A randomized study; J. AM. DIET. ASSOC.; 94/7 (732-738) /1994/ Brookhouser P.E.; Sullivan P.M.; Eccarius M.A.; Schulte L.; Maliszewski S.; Madri Gal R. Hearing research career development for deaf students; LARYNGOSCOPE; 104/9(I 105-I 114) /1994/ Brookhouser P.E.; Worthington D.W.; Kelly W.J. Fluctuating and/or progressive sensorineural hearin loss in children; LARYNGOSCOPE; 104/8 I (958-964) /l994/ Cohen R.; De La Rocque F.; Boucherat M.; Doit C.; Bingen E.; Geslin P. Treatment failure in otitis media: An analysis ountry code author FRA; J. CHEMOTHER.; 6/SUPPL. 4 (17-22) /l994/ Cohen R.; De La Rocque F.; Boucherat M.; Grandsenne P.; Corrard F.; Bouhanna C.A.; Richoux F.; Lecompte M.D.; Lastmann C.; Pappo A.; Coicadan L.; Wollner A.; Schlemmer C.; Robin M.; Kemeny G. ;Bedbeder P.; Bodin M.J.; Azoulay M.; Geslin P. Cefpodoxime proxetil vx celixime for painful febrile acute otitis media in children; MED. MAL. INFECT.; 24/8-9 (844-851) /1994/ Daga S.R.; Dave K.; Mehta V.; Pai V. Tracheal suction in meconium stained infants: A randomized controlled study; J. TROP. PEDIATR.; 40/4 (198-200) /1994/ Daman Willems C.E.; Dinwiddie R.; Grant D.B.; Rivers R.P.A.; Zahir M. Temporary inhibition of growth and adrenal suppression associatedwith the use of steroid nose drops; EUR. J. PEDIATR.; 153/9(632-634) /1994/ Davila Velazquez J.; Sanchez Garcia M. Therapeutical evaluation of antihistamine associated to pseudoephedrine in children with perennial allergic rhinitis; INVEST. MED. INT.; 20/2 (85-91) 119931 De Carpentier J.; Timms M. Preliminary experiences with microscopic tonsillectomy; CLIN. OTOLARYNGOL. ALLIED SCI.; 19/4 (352-354) /1994/ Dehaene-Lambertz G.; Dehaene S. Speed and cerebral correlates of syllable discrimination in infants; NATURE; 370/6487(292-295) /1994/ Del Castillo Martin F.; Medina J.; Rosell Barbera J.; Cruz Caballero M. Acute otitis media in childhood. Study of 20,532cases;AN. ESP. PEDIATR.; 41/3 (171-175) /1994/ Delove L.; Lebeau J.; Raphael B. Conenita] cysts and tistulas of the head and neck; ANN. PEDIATR.; 41/6 (363-369) /1994/ Dorandeu A.; Le Gall F.; Rupin 0.; Le Clec’h G.; Ramee M.P. Newborn congenital epulis; ANN. PATHOL.; 14/4 (240-243) /l994/ Drews CD.; Yearin-Allsopp M.; Murphy CC.; Decoufle P. Hearin impairment among ]0year-old children: Metropolitan Atlanta, 1985through 1987;AM. J. PUBLIC HEALTH; 84/7 (I 164-I 166)/]994/ Ecevit Z.; Kanra G.; Ceyhan M. A comparison of azithromycin and penicillin V for the treatment of streptococca] pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children; COCUK SAGLIGI HAST. DERG.; 37/3 (237-245) /]994/ Eid N.S.; Jones V.F. Bacterial tracheitis as a complication of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy; J. PEDIATR.; 125/3(401-402) /1994/ Engdahl B.; Amesen A.R.; Mair I.W.S. Otoacoustic emissions in the first year of life; SCAND, AUDIOL.; 23/3 (195-200) /1994/

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Fujii K.; Ito Y.; Mizuta K.; Shirato H.; Sawai S.; Sakuma S.; Kondo Y.; Kumada T.; Aoki M.; Miyata H. Inununotherapy with high concentration of allergens in Vertigo and equilibrium disturbance in children; a clinical study; EQUILIB. RES.; 53/3 (374-380) /1994/ Galetti G.; Dallari S. Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in pharyngotonsihitis in children; J. CHEMOTHER, 5/6 (548-550) /1993/ Galetti G.; Martini A.; Bergamini G.; Dallari S.; Ghidini A.; Mazaoli M.; Cantini L.; Monici Preti P.A. Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim in bacterial otitis media in children. Controlled study versus cefaclor; J. CHEMOTHER.; 5/6 (551-555) /1993/ Garabedian E.N.; Bellity A.; Tashjian G.; Ghiassi B.; Vu Thien H.; Begue P. Status of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistanceto penicillin G in current bacteriological epidemiology of otitis media in children; MED. MAL. INFECT.; 24/SPEC. ISS. JUNE (674-680) /1994/ Garcia D.P.; Corbett M.L.; Eberly S.M.; Joyce M.R.; Le H.T.; Karibo J.M.; PenceH.L.; Nugyen K.-L. Radiographic imaging studies in pediatric chronic sinusitis; J. ALLERGY CLIN. IMMUNOL.; 94/3 (523-530) /1994/ Gehanno P.; Barry B.; Bobin S.; Safran C. Twice daily cefpodoxime proxetil compared with thrice daily amoxicilhn/clavulanic acid for treatment of acute otitis media in children; SCAND. J. INFECT. DIS.; 2615(577-584) II9941 Gertner B.L.; Rice M.L.; Hadley P.A. Influence of communicative competenceon peer preferencesin a preschool classroom; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/4 (913-923) /1994/ Games CC.; Sakano E.; Lucchezi M.C.; Port0 P.R.C. Button battery as a foreign body in the nasal cavities. Special aspects; RHINOLOGY; 32/2 (98-100) /1994/ Gottfarb P.; Brauner A. Children with persistent cough-Outcome with treatment and role of Moraxella catarrhalis?; SCAND. J. INFECT. DIS.; 26/5 (545-551) /1994/ Granato L.; Ribeiro M.Q.; Santo G.C.; Altimari DC. Cherubism. Three casesstudied in a same family; REV. BRAS. OTORRINOLARINGOL.; 60/2 (87-91) /1994/ Grundfast K.M. Management of otitis media and the new agency for health care policy and research guideline; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/8(797-798) /1994/ Gulya A.J. Environmental tobacco smoke and otitis media; OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 11l/l (6-8) /1994/ Harabuchi Y.; Faden H.; Yamanaka N.; Duffy L.; Wolf J.; Krystofik D. Nasopharyngeal colonization with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and recurrent otitis media; J. INFECT. DIS.; 170/4 (862-866) 119941 Hathaway T.J.; Katz H.P.; Dershewitz R.A.; Marx T.J. Acute otitis media: Who needs posttreatment follow-up?; PEDIATRICS; 94/2 I (143-147) /1994/ Healy G.B. Quick referenceguide for clinicians: Managing otitis media with effusion in young children: A commentary; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/10(1049-1050) /1994/ Hepper P.G.; Shahidullah B.S. Development of fetal hearing; ARCH. DIS. CHILD.; 71/3 SUPPL. (F81-F87) /1994/ Hisamatsu K.; Ganbo T.; Nakazawa T.; Goto R.; Ogino J.; Nozawa I.; Murakami Y. Clinical efftcacy of tranilast on otitis media with effusion in children; AURIS. NASUS. LARYNX.; 21/3 (150- 157) 119941 Hotomi M.; Sarnukawa T.; Yamanaka N. Interleukin-8 in otitis media with effusion; ACTA OTOLARYNGOL.; 114/4(406-409) /1994/ Huang S.-W. The effects of an air cleaner in the homes of children with perennial allergic rhinitis; PEDIATR. ASTHMA ALLERGY IMMUNOL.; 7/2 (11I- I 17) /1993/ Hunter M.F.; Kinun L.; Cafarelli Dees D.; Kennedy CR.; Thornton A.R.D. Feasibility of otoacoustic emission detection followed by ABR as a universal neonatal screening test for hearing impairment; BR. J. AUDIOL.; 28/I (47-51) /1994/ Jawad J.; Blayney A.W. Spontaneoustonsillar haemorrhage in acute tonsillitis; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 108/9(791-794) /1994/ Jobst S.; Van den Wijngaart W.; Schubert A.; Van de Venne H. Assessmentof the efftcacy and safety of three dose levels of cetirizine given once daily in children with perennial allergic rhinitis; ALLERGY EUR. 3. ALLERGY CLIN. IMMUNOL.; 49/8 (598-604) /1994/ Johnston S.L.; Dalal A.; Mason S.; Wilson J.W.; Robinson B.S.; Holate S.T. Detection of respiratory

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syncytial virus infection in nasal aspirate samplesby flow cytometry; CLIN. DIAGN. VIROL.; 2/4-5 (279-289) 119941 Keilmann A.; Bader C-A.; Bergler W. Aerodynamic aspects of phonation in children; SPRACHE STIMME GEHOR; 1813(125-129) /1994/ Kileny P.R.; Zwolan T.A.; Zimmerman-Phillips S.; Telian S.A. Electrically evoked auditory brain-stem response in pediatric patients with cochlear implants; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/10(1083-1090) 09941 Klassen T.P.; Feldman M.E.; Watters L.K.; Sutcliffe T.; Rowe P.C. Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate group; NEW ENCL. J. MED.; 331/S(285-289) /1994/ Kokubun M.; Haishi K.; Okuzumi H. Difference of visual influences on lateral and fore-aft body sway in pre-school children; EQUILIB. RES.; 5312(299-305) /I9941 Koltai P.J. Effects of air pollution on the upper respiratory tract of children; OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 11l/l (9-11) /1994/ Landholt T.F.; Kotschwar T.R. A pharmacoeconomic comparison of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of acute otitis media; CLIN. THER.; l6/2 (327-333) /1994/ Lindberg K.; Rynnel-Dagoo B.; Sundqvist K.-G. Cytokines in nasopharyngeal secretions; evidence for defective IL-10 production in children with recurrent episodesof acute otitis media; CLIN. EXP. IMMUNOL.; 97/3 (396-402) ll994/ Loftus B.C.; Ahn J.; Haddad J. Jr. Neonatal nasal deformities secondary to nasal continuous positive airway pressure; LARYNGOSCOPE; 10418I (1019-1022) /1994/ Mandel E.M.; Casselbrant M.L.; Kurs-Lasky M. Acute otorrhea: Bacteriology of a common complication of tympanostomy tubes; ANN. OTOL. RHINOL. LARYNGOL.; 103/9(713-718) /1994/ Mann E.A.; Sidman J.D. Results of cleft -palate repair with the double-reverse Z-plasty performed by residents; OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; I I l/l (76-80) /1994/ Manning SC.; Brown O.E.; Roland P.S.; Phillips D.L. Incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients evaluated for tympanostomy tubes; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; l20/8 (881-884) /1994/ Manning S.C.; WassermanR.L.; Silver R.; Phillips D.L. Results of endoscopic sinus surgery in pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/10(1142-1145) /1994/ Manolis E.; Tsakris A.; Kandiloros D.; Kanellopoulou M.; Malamou-Lada E.; Ferekidis E.; Adamopoulos G.; Legakis N.J. Alterations to the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal microbial flora of children after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 108/9(763-767) /1994/ Marchi A.G.; Canciani M. Antibiotic treatment of respiratory infections in a pediatric Emerency Department; PEDIATR. MED. CHIR.; 16/2 (141-143) /1994/ Marcus CL.; Carroll J.L.; Koerner C.B.; Hamer A.; Lutz J.; Loughlin G.M. Determinants of growth in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; J. PEDIATR.; 125/4(556-562) /1994/ Matsuo M.; Nomura S.; Hara T.; Kinoshita M.; Yamamoto K.; Kuno T.; Maeda Y.; Miyazaki S. A variant form of hypobetalipoproteinaemia associated with ataxia, hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa; DEV. MED. CHILD NEUROL.; 36/l 1 (1015-1020) /I9941 Maxwell KS.; Fitzgerald J.E.; Burleson J.A.; Leonard G.; Carpenter R.; Kreutzer D.L. Interleukin-8 expression in otitis media; LARYNGOSCOPE; 104/8 I (989-995) /1994/ McAllister A.; Sederholm E.; Sundberg J.; Cramming P. Relations between voice range profiles and physiological and perceptual voice characteristics in ten-year-old children; J. VOICE; 8/3 (230-239) /1994/ McCarty J.M.; Siepman N.; Craft J.C. Comparative safety and efficacy of clarithromycin versus amoxiciilin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media in pediatric patients; CURR. THER. RES. CLIN. EXP.; 55/9 (1016-1026) /1994/ McLeod S.; Hand L.; Rosenthal J.B.; Hayes B. The effect of samplin condition on children’s productions of consonant clusters; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/4 (868-882) /1994/ &Rae R.G.; Weissburg A.J.; Chang K.W. Iatrogenic hyponatremia: A cause of death following pediatric tonsillectomy; INT. J. PEDIATR. OTORHINOLARYNGOL.; 30/3 (227-232) /1994/ Mendoza Arellanes M.; Molina F.; Azzolini C.; Rivera A.Y. Minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty. A Preliminary report ountry code author MEX; SCAND. J. PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG. HAND SURG.; 28/3 (199-205) /1994/

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Meredith R.; StephensD.; Hogan S.; Cartlidge P.H.T.; Drayton M. Screening for hearing loss in an atrisk neonatal population using evoked otoacoustic emissions; SCAND. AUDIOL.; 23/3 (187-193) /1994/ Mills R.P.; Irani B.S.; Vaughan-Jones R.J.; Padgham N.D. Maxillary sinusitis in children with otitis media with effusion; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 108/10(842-844) /1994/ Miltenburg D.M. The validity of tuning fork tests in diagnosing hearing loss; J. OTOLARYNGOL.; 23/d (254-259) 119941 Miyamoto R.T.; Osberger M.J.; Todd S.L.; Robbins A.M.; Stroer B.S.; Zimmerman- Phillips S.; Camey A.E. Variables affecting implant performance in children; LARYNGOSCOPE; 104/9 (1120-I 124) 119941 Moore M.H.; Blackwell S.; Butterworth M. The frontal sinus in frontoethmoidal menin oencephaloceles; J. CRANIOFAC. SURG.; 5/3 (185-187) /1994/ Morris-Friehe M.; Sanger D.D. Follow-up of children at risk for language problems; J. COMMUN. DISORD.; 27/3 (241-256) /1994/ Murdoch B.E.; Hudson-Tennent L.J. Differential language outcomes in children following treatment for posterior fossa tumours ountry code author AUS; APHASIOLOGY; 8/6 (507-534) /1994/ Nandapalan V.; McIlwain J.C. Removal of nasal fotei n bodies with a Fogarty biliary balloon catheter; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 108/9(758-760) /1994/ Naylor M.W.; Staskowski M.; Kenney M.C.; King C.A. Language disorders and learning disabilities in school-refusingadolescents;J. AM. ACAD. CHILD ADOLESC. PSYCHIATRY; 33/9 (I 33l-l 337) /1994/ Niemela M.; Uhari M.; Jounio-Ervasti K.; Luotonen J.; Alhog O.-P.; Vierimaa E. Lack of specific symptomatology in children with acute otitis media; PEDIATR. INFECT. DIS. J.; 13/9(765-768) /1994/ Nsouli T.M.; Nsouli S.M.; Linde R.E.; O’Mara F.; Scanlon R.T.; Bellanti J.A. Role of food allergy in serous otitis media; ANN. ALLERGY; 73/3 (215-219) /1994/ Oguz F.; Sidal M.; Ongen B.; Somer A.; Partalci A.; Ozgeneci A.; Kadioglu A. A prospective study in children with acute sinusitis; ISTANB. TIP FAK. MECM.; 57/l (25-29) /1994/ Ohhns L.A.; McGill T.; Healy G.B. Malignant laryngeal tumors in children: A 15-yearexperience with four patients; ANN. OTOL. RHINOL. LARYNGOL.; 10319(686-692) /1994/ Pang Y.T.; El-Hakim H.; Rothera M.P. Bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy; CLIN. OTOLARYNGOL. ALLIED SCI.; 1914(355-357) I19941 Pappas D.G.; Flexer C.; Shackelford L. Otological and habilitative management of children with Down syndrome; LARYNGOSCOPE; 104/9(1065-1070) /1994/ Pa&es Esteban R.M.; Castillo Bemabeu R.; Ocana Losa J.M. Fissure of the palate: Nutritional evaluation in the immediate postoperatory period. Comparison between two groups; REV. ESP. PEDIATR.; 50/299(428-432) /1994/ Pearl A.J.; Manoukian J.J. Adenoidectomy: Indirect visualization of choanal adenoids; J. OTOLARYNGOL.; 23/3 (221-224) /1994/ PedersenO.F.; Berkowitz R.; Yamagiwa M.; Hilber 0. Nasal cavity dimensionsin the newborn measured by acoustic reflections; LARYNGOSCOPE; 104/8 1 (1023-1028) /1994/ Pichichero M.E.; Gooch W.M.; Rodriguez W.; Blumer J.L.; Aronoff SC.; Jacobs R.F.; Musser J.M. Effective short-course treatment of acute group A &hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis: Ten days of penicillin V vs 5 days or 10 days of cefpodoxime therapy in children; ARCH. PEDIATR. ADOLESC. MED.; 148/10(1053-1060) /1994/ Phnkert P.K.; Ptok M. Influence of eustachian tube dysfunction on transiently evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emissions; HNO, 4U7 (434-440) /1994/ RabassedaX.; Mealy N. Brodimoprim: A specific dihydrofolate reductaseinhibitor with high tissuepenetration, long half-life and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, suitable for oral administration; DRUGS TODAY; 30/5 (381-399) /1994/ Radhakrishnan J. Sinusitis; EMERG. OFF. PEDIATR.; 7/4 (98-101) /1994/ Rasing E.J.; Coninx F.; Duker P.C.; Van den Hurk A.J. Acquisition and generalization of social behaviors in language-disabled deaf adolescents; BEHAV. MODIF.; 18/4 (41l-442) /1994/ Robb M.P.; Bleile K.M. Consonant inventories of young children from 8 to 25 months; CLIN. LINGUIST. PHON.; 8/4 (295-320) /1994/

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Roger G.; Gallas D.; Tashjian G.; Baculard A.; Toumier G.; Garabedian E.N. Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract in children; INT. J. PEDIATR. OTORHINOLARYNGOL.; 30/3 (233-240) /1994/ Romero J.; Corral 0.; Rubio M. Evaluation of the efftcacy of amoxicillin in comparison with amoxicillinclavulanic acid in streptococcal pharyngitis; REV. ESP. QUIMIOTER.; 7/2 (I 17-122) /1994/ Romo T. III; Sclafani A.P.; Shapiro A.L. Otoplasty using the postauricular skin flap technique; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/10(1146-l 150) /1994/ Ruben R.J. Communicative disorders: The first year of life; PEDIATR. CLIN. NORTH AM.; 410 (1035-1046) /1994/ Salmon Rodriguez L.E.; Arista Viveros A.; Lopez y Martinez E.; Trujillo C.; Maciel R.; Lujan M. Evaluation of the efftcacy and safety of nimesulide and naproxen in the symptomatic treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children. A comparative blind study; INVEST. MED. INT.; 20/2 (43-54) /1993/ Salzber R. A randomized, open, comparative study of brodimoprim versuserythromycin in patients with acute tonsillitis of bronchitis; J. CHEMOTHER.; 5/6 (546-547) /1993/ SanchezGarcia M.; Trejo Tapia D. Efftcacy and safety of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine,pediatric solution in children with allergic rhinitis; INVEST. MED. INT.; 20/2 (92-98) /I9931 SandersL.A.M.; Van de Winkel J.G.J.; Rijkers G.T.; Voorhorst-Ogink M.M.; De Haas M.; Cape] P.J.A.; Zeers B.J.M. Fcyreceptor IIa (CD32) heterogeneity in patients with recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections; J. INFECT. DIS.; 170/4 (854-861) /1994/ Sano S.; Kamide Y.; SchachernP.A.; Paparella M.M. Micropathologic changesof pars tensa in children with otitis media with effusion; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/8(815-819) I19941 Sarant J.Z.; Cowan R.S.C.; Blarney P.J.; Galvin K.L.; Clark G.M. Cochlear implants for congenitally deaf adolescents:Is open-set speechperception a realistic expectation?; EAR HEAR.; 15/5(400-403) I19941 SassenM.L.; Brand R.; Grote J.J. Breast-feeding and acute otitis media; AM. J. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK MED. SURG.; 15/5 (351-357) /1994/ SchuschkeG.; Rudloff F.; Grasse S.; Tanis E. Investigations into extent and possible consequencesof music consumption of adolescents.Part I - Results of a questionnaire; Z. LARMBEKAMPF.; 41/5 (121-128) /l994/ Shriberg L.D.; Gruber F.A.; Kwiatkowski J. Developmental phonological disorders III: Long-term speech-soundnormalization; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/5 (I I5 I-l 177) /I9941 Shriberg L.D.; Kwiatkowski J. Developmental phonological disorders I: A clinical profile; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/5 (I 100-I 126)/1994/ Shriberg L.D.; Kwiatkowski J.; Gruber F.A. Developmental phonological disorders II: Short-term speech-soundnormalization; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/5 (I 127-l 150) /I 994/ Shyu W.C.; Haddad J.; Reilly J.; Khan W.N.; Campbell D.A.; Tsai Y.; Barbhaiya R.H. Penetration of cefprozil into middle ear fluid of patients with otitis media; ANTIMICROB. AGENTS CHEMOTHER.; 38/9 (2210-2212) /1994/ Smahel Z.; Mullerova Z. Experimental Medicine, Academy Scis. of the Czech Republic, Effects of mandibular growth patterns on the development and configuration of the face in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate; SCAND. J. PLAST. RECONSTR. SURG. HAND SURG.; 28/3 (207-215) 119941 Smith R.J.H.; Neville M.B.; Bauman N.M. Interarytenoid notch height relative to the vocal folds. Pilot study; ANN. OTOL. RHINOL. LARYNGOL.; 103/10(753-757) /l994/ Smith S.P.; Berkowitz R.G.; Phelan P.D. Acquired subglottic cysts in infancy; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/9(921-924) /1994/ Snik A.F.M.; Teunissen B.; Cremers C.W.R.J. Speechrecognition in patients after successfulsurgery for unilateral congenital gear anomalies; LARYNGOSCOPE; 104/8 I (1029- 1034)/1994/ Snow D. Phrase-final syllable lengthenin and intonation in early child speech;J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/4 (831-840) /1994/ Soares I.P.; Aguirre B.R.; Formigoni L.G. Vertigo in childhood; REV. BRAS. OTORRINOLARINGOL.; 60/2 (92-97) /I9941 SommersR.K.; Kozarevich M.; Michaels C. Word skills of children normal and impaired in communication skills and measures of language and speech development; J. COMMUN. DISORD.; 2713 (223-240) /1994/

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Stool SE.; Berg A-0.; Berman S.; Camey C.J.; Cooley J.R.; Culpepper L.; Eavey R.D.; Feagans L.V.; Finitzo T.; Friedman E.; Goertz J.A.; Goldstein A.J.; Grundfast KM.; Long D.G.; Macconi L.L.; Melton L.; Roberts J.E.; Sherrod J.L.; Sisk J.E. Managing otitis media with effusion in young children; PEDIATRICS; 9415(766-773) I19941 Sugita R.; Deguchi K.; Fujimaki Y.; Asai S.; Okano K.; Komatsu N.; Shim&u K.; Saito S.; Watanabe H.; Naito M.; Nomura T. A clinicobacteriologic study on sultamicillin line granules in pediatric sinusitis; JPN. J. ANTIBIOT.; 47/9 (1219-1230) /1994/ Tait M.; Lutman M.E. Comparison of early communicative behavior in young children with cochlear implants and with hearing aids; EAR HEAR.; 15/5 (352-361) /1994/ Tanaka M.; Nakashima T.; Uemura T. A survey of the pattern of glandular distribution in the larynges of human infants; EUR. ARCH. OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOL.; 25l/SUPPL. 1 (S80-S86) /1994/ Tavin E.; Singer L.; Bassila M. Problems in postoperative management after anterior cricoid split; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/8(823-826) /1994/ Tay H.L.; Mills R.P. The assessmentof hearing results following surgery for otitis media with effusion using the Glasgow Benefit Plot; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 108/9(733-735) /1994/ Thornton A.R.D.; Kimm L.; Kennedy C.R.; Cafarelli-Dees D. A comparison of neonatal evoked otoacoustic emissionsobtained using two types of apparatus; BR. J. AUDIOL.; 28/2 (99-109) /1994/ Throneburg R.N.; Yairi E. Temporal dynamics of repetitions during the early stage of childhood stuttering: An acoustic study; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/5 (1067-1075) /1994/ Trollfors B. Cost-benefit analysis of general vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Sweden; SCAND. J. INFECT. DIS.; 26/5 (61I-614) /1994/ Uziel A.; Mondain M.; Reuillard-Artieres F.; Piron J.; Vieu A.; Sill0 M.; Durrieu J.-P. Pediatric chochlear implant in children with hereditary and prelingual deafness.Results; J. FR. OTO-RHINOLARYNGOL.; 4315(341-345) /1994/ Valkoun M.; Helwi H.; Zeiser R. Mastoiditis in children and infants: Epidemioloy, diagnosis, therapy; MONATSSCHR. KINDERHEILKD.; 142/7(527-530) /1994/ Vanniasegaram I.; Bradley J.; Bellman S. Clinical applications of transcranial bone conduction attenuation in children; J. LARYNGOL. OTOL.; 108/10(834-836) /1994/ Virolainen A.; Salo P.; Jero J.; Karma P.; Eskola J.; Leinonen M. Comparison of PCR assaywith bacterial culture for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae in middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media; J. CLIN. MICROBIOL.; 32/l 1 (2667-2670) /1994/ Vitti S.V.; Ghedini S.G.; Richieri-Costa A. Short syndrome: Report on a Brazilian girl with deafness, gastroesophagealretlux and post-natal growth retardation REV. BRAS. GENET.; 17/3 (345-347) 119941 Waldstein R.S.; Baum S.R. Perception of coarticulatory cues in the speech of children with profound hearing loss and children with normal hearing; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/4 (952-959) /1994/ Walker P.J.; Hutchinson M.; Cant J.; Parmeter R.; Knox G. Chronic drooling: A multi-disciplinary approach to assessmentand management; AUST. J. OTOLARYNGOL.; l/6 (542-545) /1994/ Washington J.A.; Craig H.K. Dialectal forms durin discourse of poor, urban, African American preschoolers;J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/4 (816-823) /1994/ Watcha M.F.; Gamer F.T.; White P.F.; Lusk R. Laryngeal mask airway vs face mask and Guedel airway during pediatric myringotomy; ARCH. OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 120/8(877-880) I19941 Weismer S.E.; Murray-Branch J.; Miller J.F. A prospective longitudinal study of language development in late talkers; J. SPEECH HEAR. RES.; 37/4 (852-867) /1994/ WeissmanJ.L.; Weber P.C.; Bluestone C.D. Congenital perilymphatic listula: Computed tomography appearance of middle ear and inner ear anomalies; OTOLARYNGOL. HEAD NECK SURG.; 11l/3 I (243-249) /1994/ Wickern G.M. Pediatric allergic fungal sinusitis: Another ‘Great Masquerader; PEDIATR. ASTHMA ALLERGY IMMUNOL.; 7/3 (147-156) /I9931 Wintermeyer SM.; Nahata M.C. Chronic suppurative otitis media; ANN. PHARMACOTHER.; 28/9 (1089-1099) /1994/ Wormald P.J.; Sellars S.L. Bismuth subgallate: A safe means to a faster adenotonsillectomy; J. LARYNGGL. OTOL.; 108/9(761-762) /1994/

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