- Email: [email protected]
Semantic and phonemic verbal fluency in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)
e54
Abstracts / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 22 (2016) e29ee75
Background: Fall is a common and devastating occurrence in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to associated motor disturbances such gait abnormalities and poverty of movement. Several studies had shown increasing incidence of fall among PD patients compared to healthy individual with similar demographics. Assessing risk factors and frequency of falls had been done in the United States and Europe to advocate as well as to lobby policy makers to show case burden and appropriate intervention and prioritization. In Nigeria, there is dearth of information on falls in PD despite the significant population of PD in the country. Objective: To determine the risk factor and frequency of falls in PD patients compared with age matched controls. Material and methods: This was a case-control study conducted among PD patients at the University College Hospital Ibadan. Diagnosed PD patients were assessed for risk factors, frequency of falls using Tinneti gait and balance test, Hoehn and Yahr severity scale, Balance test, UPDRS subsection 1 and Timed UP and Go tests. They were compared with age matched control adults with no neurological disorder. Descriptive, bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed at 95% confidence level. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Ethical approval was obtained from University of Ibadan ethical committee. Result: 64 subjects participated in the study. 32 were PD patients and 32 controls. The mean age was 67.2 (SD¼8.39) years. Male participants were 36 (56.0%) out of 64 subjects assessed, and 62 (96.9%) were currently married. The mean ages of the Parkinson and control groups were 67.9 (SD¼6.61) and 66.5 (SD¼9.92) years respectively with no statistical difference. There was a significantly higher proportion (43.8%) of falls in PD group compared to 18.8% in non-PD participants. The risk factors significantly associated with falls included disease duration and severity of PD. Twenty (31.3%) out of the 64 participants had fallen with 13 (65%) of them sustaining injury. Twenty (31.3%) admitted to fear of falling. The fear of falling was reported by 43.8% of the study participants, particularly those who had fallen in the past. Conclusion: This study shows that patients with PD fall more compared normal population with similar demographics. Disease severity and duration of diagnosis were the significant predictors.
quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: Implication for falling. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015;21:573-576. P 1.094. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE AND COURSE OF RLS IN DE NOVO PD PATIENTS DURING CHRONIC DOPAMINERGIC THERAPY Stefano Calzetti 1, Elena Marchesi 1, Matteo Goldoni 2, Anna Negrotti 1. 1 Department of Emergency and Medical Speciality Area, Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy; 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
P 1.093. FALLS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: EFFECTS ON HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE
Objectives: We performed a prospective long-term follow-up study aimed at the assessment of the cumulative incidence and clinical course of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in de novo previously untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: One hundred six out-patients with PD (67 male), aged 66.9 ± 8.8 years, diagnosed according the UKPD Brain Bank criteria, mean disease duration 15.2 ± 10.4 months, underwent a three years follow-up as from the starting of DAergic therapy to assess the emergence of RLS ascertained according the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. The clinical course of incident RLS in terms of frequency and severity of the events was evaluated over a twelve months period according the IRLSSCG Rating Scale. Results: Fourteen (15.3%) of the 92 patients who completed the follow-up developed RLS, decreasing to 11 (11.9%) after the exclusion of possible “secondary” forms, so confirming previous findings of an increased incidence rate of RLS as compared to that reported in German general population. The mean frequency of RLS was found of about six episodes per month showing a remittent clinical course and a mild to moderate severity. Conclusions: Our findings support the concept that the co-morbidity of RLS and PD is mainly due to the increased incidence of the former during DAergic treatment, which could unmask a subclinical sensory-motor disorder mimiking an “augmentation” like phenomenon. Reference: 1. Szentkiralyi A et al., Sleep Med 2011;12:815-820.
Temitope Farombi, Joseph Yaria, Mayowa Owolabi, Adesola Ogunniyi. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
P 1.095. SEMANTIC AND PHONEMIC VERBAL FLUENCY IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD)
Introduction: Health related quality of life (HrQoL) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has predictive value in disease progression and outcome. With socio-demographic, cultural and clinical differences, there is need to explore the effects of falls in PD patients and HrQoL in Nigeria. Objective: Our aim was to assess the effects of falls in PD patients on HrQoL in PD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 81 PD patients at the University College Hospital, Oyo State, Nigeria. HrQoL was assessed using the PD Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Patients were interviewed for frequency of falls and risk factors for falls were assessed using Tinetti gait and balance test, Hoehn and Yahr severity scale, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, Timed Up and Go tests and modified Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI'D). Results: 57 (70.4%) males and 24 (29.6%) females with a mean age of 65.6 (SD ¼ 9.7) years. There was no significant difference in age between nonfallers and fallers. Fallers were noticed to have longer duration of PD (p¼ 0.012), poorer cognition (p¼0.017), worse UPDRS (p¼0.000) Hoehn and Yahr (p¼0.000), Tinetti scores (p¼0.000) when compared to non- fallers. All domains of the PDQ-8 except bodily discomfort and relationship were significantly lower among fallers. After controlling for potential confounding factors, there was no significant difference in the total PDQ-8 score between fallers and non-fallers. Conclusion: Falls in the presence of variables worsen HrQoL but not independently. A holistic approach is required to improve HrQoL of PD patients. Reference: 1. Gazibara T, Pekmezovic T, Kisic Tepavcevic D, et al., Health- related
e Roesch, Antonia Meyer, Karolina Nowak, Ute Anne Dorothe Gschwandtner, Peter Fuhr. Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Objectives: Apart from motor deficits, Parkinson's disease may also show progressive cognitive and verbal fluency decline. Higher early-life education and social-occupational activities are beneficial for cognitive abilities in these patients. The present study investigated whether education, age, gender, L-Dopa equivalent dose and disease onset influence semantic and phonemic capacities in PD patients. Methods: 94 PD patients (Mdn age 64 [53-76]; Mdn UPDRS 17 [5-33]) and 43 healthy controls (HC) (Mdn age 62 [53-76]) were groupwise matched according to education as well as age, and completed a set of verbal tests (Regensburger Wortflüssigkeitstest - RWT). General linear models and Spearman correlations were computed. P-values below .05 were regarded as significant. Results: For the PD patients, a regression analysis indicated that education had the highest influence onto semantic (R2¼.43; p<.05) and phonemic (R2¼.23; p<.05) performance, followed by age, gender, PD-onset and LDopa equivalent dose. For consecutive analyses, PD patients were split into two groups according to their educational level (greater or equal 15 years (E15) or smaller than 15 years (E<15)). Semantic and phonemic performance correlated in the PD-E>15 (rho¼ .65; p<.05), and did not correlate in PD-E<15 (rho¼ .17; p¼.72). For HC controls, education has the strongest influence onto verbal performance (R2¼.59, p<.001) followed by age and gender. Their verbal performance correlated (p<.05), regardless of education levels.
Abstracts / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 22 (2016) e29ee75
Conclusions: PD-E<15 had more difficulties in semantic fluency performance in comparison to controls (PD-E15 and HC). These results suggest a protective role of education against a disproportional decay of semantic performance in PD patients. P 1.096. FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE € rg Stefania Kalampokini, Epameinondas Lyros, Maxine Luley, Jo Spiegel, Marcus Unger. Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg Saar, Germany Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of motor as well as non-motor symptoms. The ability to recognize emotions in the facial expressions of others, independent from cognitive deficits, is described to be impaired in PD patients. Methods: In order to investigate a possible impairment of facial emotion recognition (FER) in PD as well as the neural substrates involved, we conducted an excessive literature research in Pubmed using the terms “Parkinson” and “facial emotion recognition”. Results: We found 35 studies and one meta-analysis examining this issue, which compared PD patients to healthy controls, showing inconsistent findings. The studies used variable FER tasks, most commonly based on “Ekman and Friesen faces. Most of the studies reported that the recognition of disgust and fear were the most frequently impaired, followed by sadness and anger, whereas the recognition of happiness and surprise emotions seemed spared. A recent meta-analysis found that PD patients showed an impaired recognition of negative emotions (anger, disgust, fear and sadness) than positive emotions (happiness, surprise). Several brain structures have been reported to be involved in the identification of facial expressions, including the orbitofrontal and occcipito-temporal cortex, the amygdala, the basal ganglia and the right parietal cortex. Conclusions: Recognizing the emotional states of others is an essential component of social interactions. In order to appreciate the full extent of deficits and to provide an adequate treatment it seems necessary to evaluate this non-motor aspect of the disease that can affect patients' social behavior. References: 1. Gray HM, Tickle-Degnen L. A meta-analysis of performance on emotion recognition tasks in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology 2010;24:17611791. 2. Assogna F, Pontieri FE, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. The recognition of facial emotion expressions in Parkinson's disease. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2008;18:835-848. 3. Clark US, Neargarder S, Cronin-Golomb A. Specific impairments in the recognition of emotional facial expressions in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2008;46:2300-2309. 4. Baggio HC, Segura B, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Valldeoriola F, Marti MJ, Compta C. Structural correlates of facial emotion recognition Y, Tolosa E, Junque deficits in Parkinson's disease patients. Neuropsychologia 2012;50:21212128. 5. Adolphs R. Neural systems for recognizing emotion. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2002;12:169e177.
e55
facial expressions was assessed with the Ekman 60-faces test. Subjects were video-recorded while posing facial expressions of 6 primary emotions (happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear and anger) and the most expressive pictures for each emotion were derived from the videos. Ten healthy participants were asked to look at the pictures displayed on a computer-screen in pseudo-random fashion and to identify the emotional label in a six-forced-choice response format. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy of responses were recorded. At the end of each trial the participant was asked to rate his/her confidence in his/her perceived accuracy of response. Results: PD reported lower score than HS for Ekman total score (p<0.001), and for fear, anger and surprise sub-scores (all p<0.01). PD and HS significantly differed in facial emotion expressivity task for total score (p<0.001) and for happiness, sadness, anger (all p<0.001) and surprise (p<0.05) sub-scores. RT and the level of confidence showed significant differences between PD and HS for the same emotions. We found a strong linear correlation between the recognition and expressivity scores in both groups. Conclusions: Emotion recognition deficit is related to expressivity deficit in PD suggesting the impairment of a common neural system. P 1.098. MENTALLY AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE Kamola Khasanova. Department of Neurology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Objectives: We know that in Parkinson's Disease, due to tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, motility is hampered, and that at the same time mental and emotional changes are observed. The depression, apathy, psychosis, dysthymia, cognitive deterioration, anxiety and social phobia does decrease the patient's qualities of life. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, affecting 1-2% of the population over 60. Methods: The study included 31 patients (21 male and 10 female), hospitalized in the neurological department of Tashkent Medical Academy, aged 55-80 years (mean age 67.5±7.2) suffering Parkinson's Disease. In these patients, MMSE and Hamilton Depression tests were performed. Results: Studying the results of these tests learned that there were signs of a major depression in 13% (4), minor depression in 12% (4), Dysthymia in 6% (2), panic disorders in 7 % (2), social phobia in 10% (3), apathy in 20% (6), cognitive dysfunction in 20% (6), and psychotic symptoms in 12% (4). Conclusions: According to these results, most patients suffering Parkinson's disease also suffered signs and/or symptoms of depression, apathy, psychosis, dysthymia, cognitive deterioration, anxiety and social phobia. During their parkinsonian career (with anti-parkinsonian medication), these mental and emotional disturbances do amplify. In time, in these patients, dementia might develop. Most PD patients therefore need the help of a neuropsychologist. References: 1. Modugno N, Lena F, Di Biasio F, Cerrone G, Ruggieri S, Fornai F. A clinical overview of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement disorders. Erik Wolters, Christian Baumann eds, VU University Press, Amsterdam, publ. 2014.
P 1.097. EMOTION RECOGNITION AND EMOTION EXPRESSION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: AN UNIFYING EMOTIONAL MIRROR MECHANISM?
P 1.099. BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN KOREAN PATIENTS WITH EARLY PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Lucia Ricciardi 1, Federica Visco-Comandini 1, Roberto Erro 1, Francesca Morgante 2, Matteo Bologna 3, Alfonso Fasano 4, Diego Ricciardi 5, Mark Edwards 1, James Kilner 1. 1 University College of London, London, United di Messina, Messina, Italy; 3 Universita La Sapienza, Kingdom; 2 Universita Cattolica Roma, Italy; 4 University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 5 Universita del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
Jinyoung Ahn 1, Heetae Kim 2, Jae-Hyeok Heo 1. 1 Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2 Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Objectives: To evaluate whether in Parkinson's disease (PD) there is a deficit of facial emotional expressivity and recognition and whether these deficits are related to each other. Methods: Twenty non-demented, non-depressed PD patients and twenty healthy subjects (HS) were studied. The ability of recognizing emotional
Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are often seen in patients with senile dementia and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we aimed at investigating the prevalence and severity of BPSD in early Parkinson's disease in elderly patients. Method: Forty-four patients with PD who visited the neurology outpatient clinic of Seoul Medical Center were included. A trained neurologist or a supervised test technician administered the neuropsychological test, the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB) including mini mental
Abstracts / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 22 (2016) e29ee75
Background: Fall is a common and devastating occurrence in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to associated motor disturbances such gait abnormalities and poverty of movement. Several studies had shown increasing incidence of fall among PD patients compared to healthy individual with similar demographics. Assessing risk factors and frequency of falls had been done in the United States and Europe to advocate as well as to lobby policy makers to show case burden and appropriate intervention and prioritization. In Nigeria, there is dearth of information on falls in PD despite the significant population of PD in the country. Objective: To determine the risk factor and frequency of falls in PD patients compared with age matched controls. Material and methods: This was a case-control study conducted among PD patients at the University College Hospital Ibadan. Diagnosed PD patients were assessed for risk factors, frequency of falls using Tinneti gait and balance test, Hoehn and Yahr severity scale, Balance test, UPDRS subsection 1 and Timed UP and Go tests. They were compared with age matched control adults with no neurological disorder. Descriptive, bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed at 95% confidence level. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Ethical approval was obtained from University of Ibadan ethical committee. Result: 64 subjects participated in the study. 32 were PD patients and 32 controls. The mean age was 67.2 (SD¼8.39) years. Male participants were 36 (56.0%) out of 64 subjects assessed, and 62 (96.9%) were currently married. The mean ages of the Parkinson and control groups were 67.9 (SD¼6.61) and 66.5 (SD¼9.92) years respectively with no statistical difference. There was a significantly higher proportion (43.8%) of falls in PD group compared to 18.8% in non-PD participants. The risk factors significantly associated with falls included disease duration and severity of PD. Twenty (31.3%) out of the 64 participants had fallen with 13 (65%) of them sustaining injury. Twenty (31.3%) admitted to fear of falling. The fear of falling was reported by 43.8% of the study participants, particularly those who had fallen in the past. Conclusion: This study shows that patients with PD fall more compared normal population with similar demographics. Disease severity and duration of diagnosis were the significant predictors.
quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: Implication for falling. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015;21:573-576. P 1.094. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE AND COURSE OF RLS IN DE NOVO PD PATIENTS DURING CHRONIC DOPAMINERGIC THERAPY Stefano Calzetti 1, Elena Marchesi 1, Matteo Goldoni 2, Anna Negrotti 1. 1 Department of Emergency and Medical Speciality Area, Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy; 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
P 1.093. FALLS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: EFFECTS ON HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE
Objectives: We performed a prospective long-term follow-up study aimed at the assessment of the cumulative incidence and clinical course of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in de novo previously untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: One hundred six out-patients with PD (67 male), aged 66.9 ± 8.8 years, diagnosed according the UKPD Brain Bank criteria, mean disease duration 15.2 ± 10.4 months, underwent a three years follow-up as from the starting of DAergic therapy to assess the emergence of RLS ascertained according the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. The clinical course of incident RLS in terms of frequency and severity of the events was evaluated over a twelve months period according the IRLSSCG Rating Scale. Results: Fourteen (15.3%) of the 92 patients who completed the follow-up developed RLS, decreasing to 11 (11.9%) after the exclusion of possible “secondary” forms, so confirming previous findings of an increased incidence rate of RLS as compared to that reported in German general population. The mean frequency of RLS was found of about six episodes per month showing a remittent clinical course and a mild to moderate severity. Conclusions: Our findings support the concept that the co-morbidity of RLS and PD is mainly due to the increased incidence of the former during DAergic treatment, which could unmask a subclinical sensory-motor disorder mimiking an “augmentation” like phenomenon. Reference: 1. Szentkiralyi A et al., Sleep Med 2011;12:815-820.
Temitope Farombi, Joseph Yaria, Mayowa Owolabi, Adesola Ogunniyi. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
P 1.095. SEMANTIC AND PHONEMIC VERBAL FLUENCY IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD)
Introduction: Health related quality of life (HrQoL) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has predictive value in disease progression and outcome. With socio-demographic, cultural and clinical differences, there is need to explore the effects of falls in PD patients and HrQoL in Nigeria. Objective: Our aim was to assess the effects of falls in PD patients on HrQoL in PD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 81 PD patients at the University College Hospital, Oyo State, Nigeria. HrQoL was assessed using the PD Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Patients were interviewed for frequency of falls and risk factors for falls were assessed using Tinetti gait and balance test, Hoehn and Yahr severity scale, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, Timed Up and Go tests and modified Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI'D). Results: 57 (70.4%) males and 24 (29.6%) females with a mean age of 65.6 (SD ¼ 9.7) years. There was no significant difference in age between nonfallers and fallers. Fallers were noticed to have longer duration of PD (p¼ 0.012), poorer cognition (p¼0.017), worse UPDRS (p¼0.000) Hoehn and Yahr (p¼0.000), Tinetti scores (p¼0.000) when compared to non- fallers. All domains of the PDQ-8 except bodily discomfort and relationship were significantly lower among fallers. After controlling for potential confounding factors, there was no significant difference in the total PDQ-8 score between fallers and non-fallers. Conclusion: Falls in the presence of variables worsen HrQoL but not independently. A holistic approach is required to improve HrQoL of PD patients. Reference: 1. Gazibara T, Pekmezovic T, Kisic Tepavcevic D, et al., Health- related
e Roesch, Antonia Meyer, Karolina Nowak, Ute Anne Dorothe Gschwandtner, Peter Fuhr. Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Objectives: Apart from motor deficits, Parkinson's disease may also show progressive cognitive and verbal fluency decline. Higher early-life education and social-occupational activities are beneficial for cognitive abilities in these patients. The present study investigated whether education, age, gender, L-Dopa equivalent dose and disease onset influence semantic and phonemic capacities in PD patients. Methods: 94 PD patients (Mdn age 64 [53-76]; Mdn UPDRS 17 [5-33]) and 43 healthy controls (HC) (Mdn age 62 [53-76]) were groupwise matched according to education as well as age, and completed a set of verbal tests (Regensburger Wortflüssigkeitstest - RWT). General linear models and Spearman correlations were computed. P-values below .05 were regarded as significant. Results: For the PD patients, a regression analysis indicated that education had the highest influence onto semantic (R2¼.43; p<.05) and phonemic (R2¼.23; p<.05) performance, followed by age, gender, PD-onset and LDopa equivalent dose. For consecutive analyses, PD patients were split into two groups according to their educational level (greater or equal 15 years (E15) or smaller than 15 years (E<15)). Semantic and phonemic performance correlated in the PD-E>15 (rho¼ .65; p<.05), and did not correlate in PD-E<15 (rho¼ .17; p¼.72). For HC controls, education has the strongest influence onto verbal performance (R2¼.59, p<.001) followed by age and gender. Their verbal performance correlated (p<.05), regardless of education levels.
Abstracts / Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 22 (2016) e29ee75
Conclusions: PD-E<15 had more difficulties in semantic fluency performance in comparison to controls (PD-E15 and HC). These results suggest a protective role of education against a disproportional decay of semantic performance in PD patients. P 1.096. FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE € rg Stefania Kalampokini, Epameinondas Lyros, Maxine Luley, Jo Spiegel, Marcus Unger. Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg Saar, Germany Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of motor as well as non-motor symptoms. The ability to recognize emotions in the facial expressions of others, independent from cognitive deficits, is described to be impaired in PD patients. Methods: In order to investigate a possible impairment of facial emotion recognition (FER) in PD as well as the neural substrates involved, we conducted an excessive literature research in Pubmed using the terms “Parkinson” and “facial emotion recognition”. Results: We found 35 studies and one meta-analysis examining this issue, which compared PD patients to healthy controls, showing inconsistent findings. The studies used variable FER tasks, most commonly based on “Ekman and Friesen faces. Most of the studies reported that the recognition of disgust and fear were the most frequently impaired, followed by sadness and anger, whereas the recognition of happiness and surprise emotions seemed spared. A recent meta-analysis found that PD patients showed an impaired recognition of negative emotions (anger, disgust, fear and sadness) than positive emotions (happiness, surprise). Several brain structures have been reported to be involved in the identification of facial expressions, including the orbitofrontal and occcipito-temporal cortex, the amygdala, the basal ganglia and the right parietal cortex. Conclusions: Recognizing the emotional states of others is an essential component of social interactions. In order to appreciate the full extent of deficits and to provide an adequate treatment it seems necessary to evaluate this non-motor aspect of the disease that can affect patients' social behavior. References: 1. Gray HM, Tickle-Degnen L. A meta-analysis of performance on emotion recognition tasks in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology 2010;24:17611791. 2. Assogna F, Pontieri FE, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. The recognition of facial emotion expressions in Parkinson's disease. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2008;18:835-848. 3. Clark US, Neargarder S, Cronin-Golomb A. Specific impairments in the recognition of emotional facial expressions in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2008;46:2300-2309. 4. Baggio HC, Segura B, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Valldeoriola F, Marti MJ, Compta C. Structural correlates of facial emotion recognition Y, Tolosa E, Junque deficits in Parkinson's disease patients. Neuropsychologia 2012;50:21212128. 5. Adolphs R. Neural systems for recognizing emotion. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2002;12:169e177.
e55
facial expressions was assessed with the Ekman 60-faces test. Subjects were video-recorded while posing facial expressions of 6 primary emotions (happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust, fear and anger) and the most expressive pictures for each emotion were derived from the videos. Ten healthy participants were asked to look at the pictures displayed on a computer-screen in pseudo-random fashion and to identify the emotional label in a six-forced-choice response format. Reaction time (RT) and accuracy of responses were recorded. At the end of each trial the participant was asked to rate his/her confidence in his/her perceived accuracy of response. Results: PD reported lower score than HS for Ekman total score (p<0.001), and for fear, anger and surprise sub-scores (all p<0.01). PD and HS significantly differed in facial emotion expressivity task for total score (p<0.001) and for happiness, sadness, anger (all p<0.001) and surprise (p<0.05) sub-scores. RT and the level of confidence showed significant differences between PD and HS for the same emotions. We found a strong linear correlation between the recognition and expressivity scores in both groups. Conclusions: Emotion recognition deficit is related to expressivity deficit in PD suggesting the impairment of a common neural system. P 1.098. MENTALLY AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE Kamola Khasanova. Department of Neurology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Objectives: We know that in Parkinson's Disease, due to tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, motility is hampered, and that at the same time mental and emotional changes are observed. The depression, apathy, psychosis, dysthymia, cognitive deterioration, anxiety and social phobia does decrease the patient's qualities of life. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, affecting 1-2% of the population over 60. Methods: The study included 31 patients (21 male and 10 female), hospitalized in the neurological department of Tashkent Medical Academy, aged 55-80 years (mean age 67.5±7.2) suffering Parkinson's Disease. In these patients, MMSE and Hamilton Depression tests were performed. Results: Studying the results of these tests learned that there were signs of a major depression in 13% (4), minor depression in 12% (4), Dysthymia in 6% (2), panic disorders in 7 % (2), social phobia in 10% (3), apathy in 20% (6), cognitive dysfunction in 20% (6), and psychotic symptoms in 12% (4). Conclusions: According to these results, most patients suffering Parkinson's disease also suffered signs and/or symptoms of depression, apathy, psychosis, dysthymia, cognitive deterioration, anxiety and social phobia. During their parkinsonian career (with anti-parkinsonian medication), these mental and emotional disturbances do amplify. In time, in these patients, dementia might develop. Most PD patients therefore need the help of a neuropsychologist. References: 1. Modugno N, Lena F, Di Biasio F, Cerrone G, Ruggieri S, Fornai F. A clinical overview of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement disorders. Erik Wolters, Christian Baumann eds, VU University Press, Amsterdam, publ. 2014.
P 1.097. EMOTION RECOGNITION AND EMOTION EXPRESSION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: AN UNIFYING EMOTIONAL MIRROR MECHANISM?
P 1.099. BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN KOREAN PATIENTS WITH EARLY PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Lucia Ricciardi 1, Federica Visco-Comandini 1, Roberto Erro 1, Francesca Morgante 2, Matteo Bologna 3, Alfonso Fasano 4, Diego Ricciardi 5, Mark Edwards 1, James Kilner 1. 1 University College of London, London, United di Messina, Messina, Italy; 3 Universita La Sapienza, Kingdom; 2 Universita Cattolica Roma, Italy; 4 University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 5 Universita del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
Jinyoung Ahn 1, Heetae Kim 2, Jae-Hyeok Heo 1. 1 Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2 Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Objectives: To evaluate whether in Parkinson's disease (PD) there is a deficit of facial emotional expressivity and recognition and whether these deficits are related to each other. Methods: Twenty non-demented, non-depressed PD patients and twenty healthy subjects (HS) were studied. The ability of recognizing emotional
Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are often seen in patients with senile dementia and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we aimed at investigating the prevalence and severity of BPSD in early Parkinson's disease in elderly patients. Method: Forty-four patients with PD who visited the neurology outpatient clinic of Seoul Medical Center were included. A trained neurologist or a supervised test technician administered the neuropsychological test, the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB) including mini mental