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Sheperd's cast iron butt hinges
Shepherd's Casl Iro~z B u l l 1-fi'nges.
175
ple proportion. This question resolves itself into the mathematical determination of tile sum of all the ordinatesrepresenting the elastic torte at dilti~rent periods of expansiotl, which is equivalent to the area ot" lira logarithmic curve. A member of the Institute, well known for Iris nmthematieal aeqtliretnents, has kindly furnished the committee x;,il]l a soltttioll of this problem, in which it is demot~strated, that from ltl(~ eol/stztne.v O["lhe snbtangent of the logarithmic curve, tile area of the curv(~ is simt)l 3, prol)ortiomtl to the value of tile ordinate representing 11.,, d~:nsib, , and theretbre, no gain can arise in this respect from using air colMcnsed previous .to heating. By" order of the Committee. ]"ebm~a~'ff 1 0 l h , 1842. W I L L I A M I-IA3IILTON~, Actuary.
S/~epherd' s Cast IroTz B u l l Iarbz,~es. The Committee on Science and the Arts, constituted by the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the promotion of' the Mechanic Arts, to whom was referred forexami* " nation Cast Iron Butt IIinges, invented by MI. Thomas Shepherd, and manufactured by Mr. William I/art Carr, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, R E P O R ' [ ' : - -
The hinges subtnitted to tile inspection of the committee comprised all the principal tbrms used in buihling. They are composed entirely of'easl iron, and in this respect, differ from the l'dnds fabricated abroad; lhese latler hinges being generally fnruished with pins or spindles of wrought iron, The hinges made by Mr. Carr are east into comb (t c
plete form by three operations : tile first of these is to form the spindle a, which is effceted by casting rods of metal into suitable lengths foruse, which rods resemble a string of obtuse cones, joined together by their apices and bases. These are broken into proper lengths for the laingas i~tended to be east, and by an adjustment of the mould, and filling up the interstices between file cones with salad, one half of the hinge b, is cast over the proper portim~s of the spindle, leaving tile protected parts thereof uncovered by tile flow of melted metal. The remaining half is then cast in a mould, adjusted so as to permit the introduetioa of the portion already fitted to tile spindle, and by the application of a
176
Franklin Institute.
suitable paste, the melted metal poured into the mould to complete the hinge e is prevented from adhering to those parts which are require4 to forrn theopeningandturningpartsofthe hinge T h e y a r e t l t e n g r o u n d and tiuished in the usual manner for market. From some trials of the strength of the hinges made by Mr. Cart, as compared with the best article of English matmfaeture, partieularly in refi~renee to lhe ability of the spindle to bear a blow or strain, the eonmfittee is of opinion, that they are fully equal in those respects to the tbreign article. And from the Pact communicated to the committee, that they can be furnished at as low a price as those coming from abroad, they coneeive the ingenuity and skill evinced in their fabrication to be worthy of high praise. The whole process of manufacturing the hinges appears to the committee to be new, and to furnish by its results an article extensively useful inImildings of a very substantial character; and in tbrm and style, very creditable indeed to the gentleman who have embarked in its manuf~tcture. By order of the Committee, '~rlLLIASI I~AMILTON, Actuary. February lOlh, 1842.
Corrosion ( f h'on in ~S'leam )?oilers and Stove Pi])es. The Committee on Science and the Arts, eonstltuted by the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsy!vania, for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts, to whom was referred for examination the Corrosion of Iron in Steam Boilers and Stove Pipes, where Anthracite is employed as fuel, REPORT z--
That they lmve [g-ethereal such information as lay in their power t?om those who hay(; witnessed tile corrosive action, and combined it with their own ob.~orvations. It appears that stove-pipes are fl'equently corroded in the course of a year or two, where they are not taken down or cleansed subsequent to their employment through the winter season. An instance is known in -,vhicb. (erty feet el; pipe were corroded and rendered a perfi~'et e e l ander in the course of two years. Nor does it appear always as a necessary eonditiotl that the place should be damp, although this is the case in a majority of instances, lbr in the corrosion just noticed, l]te proprietor staled that the stove was v e r y dry. The eorrosimt rarely happens in an Uln'ight pipe, but usually in one lying horizolltally, tot where such corrosion had already commenced it was said, in one instance, to have been obviated by giving the pipe a slight inclination. Where it tak:;s pl-me in an upright pipe, it m a y arise from the ttowlug down of corroding matter fl'om a horizontal layer of the same, The same kind of' corrosion is observable in steam boilers in which anthracite is employed a:~ fuel, and not in those in which bituminous coal is usc'.d. That it does not arise from the intensity of" the heat is shown :from the fact, that it is greatest in the boiler-flues which lie horizontally at a distance fi'om the fire. A corrosion is sometimes ob-
175
ple proportion. This question resolves itself into the mathematical determination of tile sum of all the ordinatesrepresenting the elastic torte at dilti~rent periods of expansiotl, which is equivalent to the area ot" lira logarithmic curve. A member of the Institute, well known for Iris nmthematieal aeqtliretnents, has kindly furnished the committee x;,il]l a soltttioll of this problem, in which it is demot~strated, that from ltl(~ eol/stztne.v O["lhe snbtangent of the logarithmic curve, tile area of the curv(~ is simt)l 3, prol)ortiomtl to the value of tile ordinate representing 11.,, d~:nsib, , and theretbre, no gain can arise in this respect from using air colMcnsed previous .to heating. By" order of the Committee. ]"ebm~a~'ff 1 0 l h , 1842. W I L L I A M I-IA3IILTON~, Actuary.
S/~epherd' s Cast IroTz B u l l Iarbz,~es. The Committee on Science and the Arts, constituted by the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the promotion of' the Mechanic Arts, to whom was referred forexami* " nation Cast Iron Butt IIinges, invented by MI. Thomas Shepherd, and manufactured by Mr. William I/art Carr, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, R E P O R ' [ ' : - -
The hinges subtnitted to tile inspection of the committee comprised all the principal tbrms used in buihling. They are composed entirely of'easl iron, and in this respect, differ from the l'dnds fabricated abroad; lhese latler hinges being generally fnruished with pins or spindles of wrought iron, The hinges made by Mr. Carr are east into comb (t c
plete form by three operations : tile first of these is to form the spindle a, which is effceted by casting rods of metal into suitable lengths foruse, which rods resemble a string of obtuse cones, joined together by their apices and bases. These are broken into proper lengths for the laingas i~tended to be east, and by an adjustment of the mould, and filling up the interstices between file cones with salad, one half of the hinge b, is cast over the proper portim~s of the spindle, leaving tile protected parts thereof uncovered by tile flow of melted metal. The remaining half is then cast in a mould, adjusted so as to permit the introduetioa of the portion already fitted to tile spindle, and by the application of a
176
Franklin Institute.
suitable paste, the melted metal poured into the mould to complete the hinge e is prevented from adhering to those parts which are require4 to forrn theopeningandturningpartsofthe hinge T h e y a r e t l t e n g r o u n d and tiuished in the usual manner for market. From some trials of the strength of the hinges made by Mr. Cart, as compared with the best article of English matmfaeture, partieularly in refi~renee to lhe ability of the spindle to bear a blow or strain, the eonmfittee is of opinion, that they are fully equal in those respects to the tbreign article. And from the Pact communicated to the committee, that they can be furnished at as low a price as those coming from abroad, they coneeive the ingenuity and skill evinced in their fabrication to be worthy of high praise. The whole process of manufacturing the hinges appears to the committee to be new, and to furnish by its results an article extensively useful inImildings of a very substantial character; and in tbrm and style, very creditable indeed to the gentleman who have embarked in its manuf~tcture. By order of the Committee, '~rlLLIASI I~AMILTON, Actuary. February lOlh, 1842.
Corrosion ( f h'on in ~S'leam )?oilers and Stove Pi])es. The Committee on Science and the Arts, eonstltuted by the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsy!vania, for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts, to whom was referred for examination the Corrosion of Iron in Steam Boilers and Stove Pipes, where Anthracite is employed as fuel, REPORT z--
That they lmve [g-ethereal such information as lay in their power t?om those who hay(; witnessed tile corrosive action, and combined it with their own ob.~orvations. It appears that stove-pipes are fl'equently corroded in the course of a year or two, where they are not taken down or cleansed subsequent to their employment through the winter season. An instance is known in -,vhicb. (erty feet el; pipe were corroded and rendered a perfi~'et e e l ander in the course of two years. Nor does it appear always as a necessary eonditiotl that the place should be damp, although this is the case in a majority of instances, lbr in the corrosion just noticed, l]te proprietor staled that the stove was v e r y dry. The eorrosimt rarely happens in an Uln'ight pipe, but usually in one lying horizolltally, tot where such corrosion had already commenced it was said, in one instance, to have been obviated by giving the pipe a slight inclination. Where it tak:;s pl-me in an upright pipe, it m a y arise from the ttowlug down of corroding matter fl'om a horizontal layer of the same, The same kind of' corrosion is observable in steam boilers in which anthracite is employed a:~ fuel, and not in those in which bituminous coal is usc'.d. That it does not arise from the intensity of" the heat is shown :from the fact, that it is greatest in the boiler-flues which lie horizontally at a distance fi'om the fire. A corrosion is sometimes ob-