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Signs of generalization of tool-use in monkeys
S226
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
P3-g32 In the rat, auditory short-term memory is better than visual short-term memory
P3-g35 Study of brain activation related to memory organiza-
Yuji Tsutsui, Kayo Nishizawa, Saori Fukushi Department of Psychology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
Atsushi Miyazaki 1 , Mie Matsui 1 , Mitsutaka Narahara 1 , Tsuneyuki Kobayashi 2 , Hisao Nishijo 2 1 Department of Neuropsychology, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; 2 System Emotional Science, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
The visual acuity of rats is poorer than their auditory acuity. This study examined whether visual or auditory memory is superior in rats. Either a light stimulus (L) or a tone stimulus (T) was presented for 3 s as a discriminative stimulus (SD) in an operant chamber. Then, there was a delay of 0.25, 3, 6, or 9 s. After the delay, the rat had to press one of two levers depending on the SD: when L was presented, pressing the right lever gave a food pellet reward; when T was presented, pressing the left lever gave a similar reward. In order to perform this task correctly, the rats had to remember the SD during the delay interval. Therefore, performance of this task reflects their short-term memory (STM). When L was presented as the SD, the percent of correct responses declined as the delay interval lengthened. When T was presented as the SD, the decline in the percent of correct responses was slower than in the trials in which L was presented. These results imply that in rats STM is better for auditory information than for visual information.
Sasaki 2 ,
Naito 2 ,
The purpose of this study was to examine the change of oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations during memory organization task using nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Participants were ten healthy volunteers aged 20–26. Hemoglobin concentration changes were measured with an 103-channel NIRS instrument during the Japanese Verbal Learning Test (JVLT). Behavioral indices were the number of total words recalled and stimulus category repetition (SCR) based on the JVLT analysis. We examined the correlation between SCR and change of [oxyHb] in each brain region. As a result, activation in the left lateral prefrontal region was significantly positively correlated with SCR. These results suggest the left lateral prefrontal function has an important role in memory organization. Research funds: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation.
P3-g37 Studies on neuronal function of a novel and conserved
P3-g33 Signs of generalization of tool-use in monkeys Hirai 1 ,
tion by near-infrared spectroscopy
Hongo 2
Naoki Shigeto Kimisato Toshinori Department of Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Japan; 2 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
1
Our monkeys had already mastered forceps-use for food-taking [Hirai et al., J. Physiol. Sci. Sup., 2007]. This study examined whether and how they would apply this acquired tool-using behavior to a new tool, a tapered stick with grip, where we gave no guidance-by-hand. Monkey’s first response to a new tool was that he reached for but did not grasp it, indicating monkey distinguished stick from his familiar forceps. On day 2, however, he began to take the stick without regarding the ends (point/grip) and tried to stick food in vain. Because of repeated failure, monkey refused to act and brushed it off from the table. Then, an experimenter stuck food using the same kind of stick before his eyes. Initially, monkey observed experimenter’s action to steal the food on the stick. Gradually, he grasped the grip end of the stick correctly with readiness and joined in sticking food with the experimenter. The results suggest that monkey became to have representation of tool-use after forceps-use training, and that observation of others’ acts promotes this into actions.
P3-g34 Learning deficit of OLETF in visual discrimination task Rie Suge 1 , Hajime Hasegawa 2 , Tomokazu Shimazu 3 1 Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; 2 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Japan; 3 Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, Japan The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, an outbred strain of Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka rat (LETO), lacks CCK-1 receptor and is an animal model of type-2 diabetes. It has been reported that the OLETF was selectively impaired learning ability, depending on types of learning. In this study, we examined OLETF on visual discrimination task and effect of pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-␥ agonist. OLETF and LETO (18 weeks age, male, n = 10 each) were used as subjects. Subject’s body weight and blood glucose level were measured. Half of each group was administrated pioglitazone (20 mg/kg/day) orally. All subjects were trained to discriminate illuminated key from two keys. OLETF showed significantly lower correct reaction ratio and slower reaction time than LETO. Effect of the pioglitazone was clear in body weight and blood glucose level but not in the learning indexes.
protein TTX-8 Akiko Miyara, Akane Ohta, Yoshifumi Okochi, Masatoshi Okumura, Ryo Takano, Atsushi Kuhara, Ikue Mori Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan C. elegans can memorize the food condition in relation to the cultivation temperature and migrate to the cultivation temperature when looking for the food. This response to temperature is called thermotaxis. Several neurons and genes required for thermotaxis have been identified, but molecular mechanism of thermotaxis is poorly understood. The ttx8 mutants are defective in several behavior including thermotaxis. We found that ttx-8 is expressed in many neurons and functions in several neurons responsible for thermotaxis. Since the predicted protein structure of TTX-8 is similar to RIC-3, TTX-8 might be required for the maturation of some membrane protein like RIC-3 [Halevi et al., 2002, 2003]. In fact, TTX-8 seems to localize to peri-nuclei region of cytoplasm. The FLJ10747, a novel human protein homologous to the ttx-8, weakly but apparently rescued abnormal thermotaxis phenotype of ttx-8, suggesting that FLJ10747 plays a similar role to TTX-8. Now, we are looking for the protein that interacts with TTX-8 by Yeast two-hybrid screening.
P3-g38 Neuronal activation related to auditory memory in parrot brain
Hiroko Eda-Fujiwara 1 , Ryohei Satoh 2 , Johan J. Bolhuis 3 , M.A. (Thijs) Zandbergen 3 , Takenori Miyamoto 1 1 Lab Behav Neurosci, Japan Women’s Univ, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Kitasato Univ, Kanagawa, Japan; 3 Behav Biol, Utrecht Univ, Utrecht, the Netherlands Many songbird species learn their song early in life, and do not learn new song when they are adult. In contrast, adult males of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus, a parrot) can learn the vocalizations of their female partners (open-ended learners). Very little is known about the neural mechanisms of vocal learning in open-ended learners such as budgerigars. We investigated the forebrain expression of the immediate early gene product Zenk related to auditory memory in budgerigars. Males were exposed to a recording of their mate call (MATE), or to a novel call of an adult female (NOVEL) or kept in silence (SILENCE). There was a significant difference in levels of Zenk expression for the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) between MATE and SILENCE, but not between NOVEL and SILENCE. It seems likely, therefore, that NCM is (part of) the neural substrate for the representation of the learned mate call, which is activated when the animal is re-exposed to that call. Research fund: NWO grant.
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
P3-g32 In the rat, auditory short-term memory is better than visual short-term memory
P3-g35 Study of brain activation related to memory organiza-
Yuji Tsutsui, Kayo Nishizawa, Saori Fukushi Department of Psychology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
Atsushi Miyazaki 1 , Mie Matsui 1 , Mitsutaka Narahara 1 , Tsuneyuki Kobayashi 2 , Hisao Nishijo 2 1 Department of Neuropsychology, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; 2 System Emotional Science, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
The visual acuity of rats is poorer than their auditory acuity. This study examined whether visual or auditory memory is superior in rats. Either a light stimulus (L) or a tone stimulus (T) was presented for 3 s as a discriminative stimulus (SD) in an operant chamber. Then, there was a delay of 0.25, 3, 6, or 9 s. After the delay, the rat had to press one of two levers depending on the SD: when L was presented, pressing the right lever gave a food pellet reward; when T was presented, pressing the left lever gave a similar reward. In order to perform this task correctly, the rats had to remember the SD during the delay interval. Therefore, performance of this task reflects their short-term memory (STM). When L was presented as the SD, the percent of correct responses declined as the delay interval lengthened. When T was presented as the SD, the decline in the percent of correct responses was slower than in the trials in which L was presented. These results imply that in rats STM is better for auditory information than for visual information.
Sasaki 2 ,
Naito 2 ,
The purpose of this study was to examine the change of oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations during memory organization task using nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Participants were ten healthy volunteers aged 20–26. Hemoglobin concentration changes were measured with an 103-channel NIRS instrument during the Japanese Verbal Learning Test (JVLT). Behavioral indices were the number of total words recalled and stimulus category repetition (SCR) based on the JVLT analysis. We examined the correlation between SCR and change of [oxyHb] in each brain region. As a result, activation in the left lateral prefrontal region was significantly positively correlated with SCR. These results suggest the left lateral prefrontal function has an important role in memory organization. Research funds: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation.
P3-g37 Studies on neuronal function of a novel and conserved
P3-g33 Signs of generalization of tool-use in monkeys Hirai 1 ,
tion by near-infrared spectroscopy
Hongo 2
Naoki Shigeto Kimisato Toshinori Department of Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Japan; 2 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Japan
1
Our monkeys had already mastered forceps-use for food-taking [Hirai et al., J. Physiol. Sci. Sup., 2007]. This study examined whether and how they would apply this acquired tool-using behavior to a new tool, a tapered stick with grip, where we gave no guidance-by-hand. Monkey’s first response to a new tool was that he reached for but did not grasp it, indicating monkey distinguished stick from his familiar forceps. On day 2, however, he began to take the stick without regarding the ends (point/grip) and tried to stick food in vain. Because of repeated failure, monkey refused to act and brushed it off from the table. Then, an experimenter stuck food using the same kind of stick before his eyes. Initially, monkey observed experimenter’s action to steal the food on the stick. Gradually, he grasped the grip end of the stick correctly with readiness and joined in sticking food with the experimenter. The results suggest that monkey became to have representation of tool-use after forceps-use training, and that observation of others’ acts promotes this into actions.
P3-g34 Learning deficit of OLETF in visual discrimination task Rie Suge 1 , Hajime Hasegawa 2 , Tomokazu Shimazu 3 1 Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan; 2 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Japan; 3 Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University, Japan The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, an outbred strain of Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka rat (LETO), lacks CCK-1 receptor and is an animal model of type-2 diabetes. It has been reported that the OLETF was selectively impaired learning ability, depending on types of learning. In this study, we examined OLETF on visual discrimination task and effect of pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-␥ agonist. OLETF and LETO (18 weeks age, male, n = 10 each) were used as subjects. Subject’s body weight and blood glucose level were measured. Half of each group was administrated pioglitazone (20 mg/kg/day) orally. All subjects were trained to discriminate illuminated key from two keys. OLETF showed significantly lower correct reaction ratio and slower reaction time than LETO. Effect of the pioglitazone was clear in body weight and blood glucose level but not in the learning indexes.
protein TTX-8 Akiko Miyara, Akane Ohta, Yoshifumi Okochi, Masatoshi Okumura, Ryo Takano, Atsushi Kuhara, Ikue Mori Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan C. elegans can memorize the food condition in relation to the cultivation temperature and migrate to the cultivation temperature when looking for the food. This response to temperature is called thermotaxis. Several neurons and genes required for thermotaxis have been identified, but molecular mechanism of thermotaxis is poorly understood. The ttx8 mutants are defective in several behavior including thermotaxis. We found that ttx-8 is expressed in many neurons and functions in several neurons responsible for thermotaxis. Since the predicted protein structure of TTX-8 is similar to RIC-3, TTX-8 might be required for the maturation of some membrane protein like RIC-3 [Halevi et al., 2002, 2003]. In fact, TTX-8 seems to localize to peri-nuclei region of cytoplasm. The FLJ10747, a novel human protein homologous to the ttx-8, weakly but apparently rescued abnormal thermotaxis phenotype of ttx-8, suggesting that FLJ10747 plays a similar role to TTX-8. Now, we are looking for the protein that interacts with TTX-8 by Yeast two-hybrid screening.
P3-g38 Neuronal activation related to auditory memory in parrot brain
Hiroko Eda-Fujiwara 1 , Ryohei Satoh 2 , Johan J. Bolhuis 3 , M.A. (Thijs) Zandbergen 3 , Takenori Miyamoto 1 1 Lab Behav Neurosci, Japan Women’s Univ, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Kitasato Univ, Kanagawa, Japan; 3 Behav Biol, Utrecht Univ, Utrecht, the Netherlands Many songbird species learn their song early in life, and do not learn new song when they are adult. In contrast, adult males of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus, a parrot) can learn the vocalizations of their female partners (open-ended learners). Very little is known about the neural mechanisms of vocal learning in open-ended learners such as budgerigars. We investigated the forebrain expression of the immediate early gene product Zenk related to auditory memory in budgerigars. Males were exposed to a recording of their mate call (MATE), or to a novel call of an adult female (NOVEL) or kept in silence (SILENCE). There was a significant difference in levels of Zenk expression for the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) between MATE and SILENCE, but not between NOVEL and SILENCE. It seems likely, therefore, that NCM is (part of) the neural substrate for the representation of the learned mate call, which is activated when the animal is re-exposed to that call. Research fund: NWO grant.