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Slide Seminar Case 7
ARTICLE IN PRESS 278
Abstracts / Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 61 (2009) 257–295
Sex
Male
Age
10 years
Clinical findings
Pruritus, licking of paws, glucosuria, apathy diarrhoe, anemia
Organ(s)
Skin
Gross finding(s)
Paws: erythema, alopecia, crusts
Staining Contributor’s morphologic diagnoses
HE severe, diffuse epidermal hyperplasia with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and hydropic degeneration of the stratum spinosum (epidermal pallor) dermatitis, interstitial, severe, mixed infiltrate A 10-year-old male Kerry Blue Terrier called ‘‘Bismarck’’ was presented to the small animal clinic in Bern because of intense apathy, diarrhoe, anemia and intense licking of the paws. All four distal extremities, including the footpads showed erythema, alopecia and crusts. Similar lesions were present on the lips and periocular.
Contributor’s description and comments
Histologic sections show parakeratosis, inter- and intracellular edema of the stratum spinosum and hyperplasia of the basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, representing the picture known in the literature as ‘‘french flag’’. In the superficial and deep dermis a severe interstitial infiltration with a large amount of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages and less mast cells and eosinophils is present. Multifocally there are serocellular crusts. Within the crusts bacterial colonies and malassezia. The diagnosis of superficial necrolytic dermatitis ( ¼ hepatocutaneous syndrome) was made. This is an uncommon skin disorder in older dogs of which 75% are male. An underlying metabolic hepatic dysfunction, driving cutaneous malnutrition, is most often the cause for this syndrome. The dog was getting worse and was euthanized. Necropsy revealed a neuroendocrine tumor in the liver. Literature
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis, necrotizing diseases of the epidermis, chapter 3, Gross T.L., Ihrke P.J., Walder E.J., Affolter V.K., Skin diseases of the dog and cat, second edition, pages 86 Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (hepatocutaneous syndrome), skin and appendages, Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer’s Pathology of domestic animals, 2007, Volume 1, 5.Edition, M.Grand Maxie (editor), Saunders elseviers, pp. 632 Gross, T.L., O’Brian, T.D., Davies, A.P. et al. (1990), glucagons Gross, T.L., Song, M.D., Havel, P.J. et al. (1993), superficial necrolytic dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythema) in dogs. Vet Pathol 30, 75
doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.02.034
Slide Seminar Case 7 Submitter
Dimitra Psalla Institut fu¨r Tierpathologie, Vetsuisse Fakulta¨t, La¨nggassstr. 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
Species, breed
Dog, Golden Retriever
Sex
Female
ARTICLE IN PRESS Abstracts / Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 61 (2009) 257–295
279
Age
1 year
Clinical findings
Lethargy and anorexia
Organ(s)
Skin
Gross finding(s)
Ulceration on upper lip and nasal planum, depigmentation in oral cavity
Staining
HE
Contributor’s morphologic diagnoses
Moderate diffuse cell-poor interface dermatitis with scattered apoptosis
Contributor’s description and comments
Lip: Multifocal vacuolar degeneration of basal cells. Multifocal mild exocytosis of lymphocytes. Rare foci with scattered apoptotic keratinocytes in all epidermal layers. Mild band-like subepidermal lymphocytic infiltration and obscuration of basement membrane zone. A diagnosis of Erythema multiforme (EM) possibly due to drug eruption was made. Histological findings of lymphocytic interface dermatitis with apoptotic keratinocytes in all epidermal layers are diagnostic of erythema multiforme. This corresponds well with the clinical picture and the history. EM is an uncommon cutaneous reaction reported in the dog, cat, horse, and cow. EM is usually triggered by drug therapy or infection (viral, fungal, or bacteria), but may also occur in conjunction with underlying neoplasia. Some cases are idiopathic, particularly in older dogs. Although the pathogenesis is not completely understood, it is hypothesized that this disease represents a T lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction directed towards various antigens.
Literature
Ginn PE, Mansell JEKL and Rakich PM. Skin and appendages, Erythema multiforme. In: Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5th ed., M. Grant Maxie (ed.), Saunders Elsevier 2007, Vol. 1, pp 656–658 Gross TL, Ihrke PJ, Walder EJ and Affolter VK. Erythema multiforme. In: Skin diseases of the dog and the cat, clinical and histopathologic diagnosis, 2nd ed., Blackwell Science Ltd 2005, pp 65–68 Scott DW, Miller JRWH. Erythema multiforme in dogs and cats: literature review and case material from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine (1988–96). Veterinary Dermatology 1999, 10, 297–309
doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.02.035
Slide Seminar Case 8 Submitter
Julie Boisclair, Armelle Grevot and Marija Popovic Novartis Pharma AG, Safety and Assessment, Toxicologic Pathology, WKL-126-305, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Species, breed
Brown Norway rat
Sex
Female
Age
10 weeks (at start of dosing)
Study type
0, 7, 10, 14 and 21-day oral (gavage)
Abstracts / Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 61 (2009) 257–295
Sex
Male
Age
10 years
Clinical findings
Pruritus, licking of paws, glucosuria, apathy diarrhoe, anemia
Organ(s)
Skin
Gross finding(s)
Paws: erythema, alopecia, crusts
Staining Contributor’s morphologic diagnoses
HE severe, diffuse epidermal hyperplasia with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and hydropic degeneration of the stratum spinosum (epidermal pallor) dermatitis, interstitial, severe, mixed infiltrate A 10-year-old male Kerry Blue Terrier called ‘‘Bismarck’’ was presented to the small animal clinic in Bern because of intense apathy, diarrhoe, anemia and intense licking of the paws. All four distal extremities, including the footpads showed erythema, alopecia and crusts. Similar lesions were present on the lips and periocular.
Contributor’s description and comments
Histologic sections show parakeratosis, inter- and intracellular edema of the stratum spinosum and hyperplasia of the basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, representing the picture known in the literature as ‘‘french flag’’. In the superficial and deep dermis a severe interstitial infiltration with a large amount of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages and less mast cells and eosinophils is present. Multifocally there are serocellular crusts. Within the crusts bacterial colonies and malassezia. The diagnosis of superficial necrolytic dermatitis ( ¼ hepatocutaneous syndrome) was made. This is an uncommon skin disorder in older dogs of which 75% are male. An underlying metabolic hepatic dysfunction, driving cutaneous malnutrition, is most often the cause for this syndrome. The dog was getting worse and was euthanized. Necropsy revealed a neuroendocrine tumor in the liver. Literature
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis, necrotizing diseases of the epidermis, chapter 3, Gross T.L., Ihrke P.J., Walder E.J., Affolter V.K., Skin diseases of the dog and cat, second edition, pages 86 Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (hepatocutaneous syndrome), skin and appendages, Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer’s Pathology of domestic animals, 2007, Volume 1, 5.Edition, M.Grand Maxie (editor), Saunders elseviers, pp. 632 Gross, T.L., O’Brian, T.D., Davies, A.P. et al. (1990), glucagons Gross, T.L., Song, M.D., Havel, P.J. et al. (1993), superficial necrolytic dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythema) in dogs. Vet Pathol 30, 75
doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.02.034
Slide Seminar Case 7 Submitter
Dimitra Psalla Institut fu¨r Tierpathologie, Vetsuisse Fakulta¨t, La¨nggassstr. 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
Species, breed
Dog, Golden Retriever
Sex
Female
ARTICLE IN PRESS Abstracts / Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 61 (2009) 257–295
279
Age
1 year
Clinical findings
Lethargy and anorexia
Organ(s)
Skin
Gross finding(s)
Ulceration on upper lip and nasal planum, depigmentation in oral cavity
Staining
HE
Contributor’s morphologic diagnoses
Moderate diffuse cell-poor interface dermatitis with scattered apoptosis
Contributor’s description and comments
Lip: Multifocal vacuolar degeneration of basal cells. Multifocal mild exocytosis of lymphocytes. Rare foci with scattered apoptotic keratinocytes in all epidermal layers. Mild band-like subepidermal lymphocytic infiltration and obscuration of basement membrane zone. A diagnosis of Erythema multiforme (EM) possibly due to drug eruption was made. Histological findings of lymphocytic interface dermatitis with apoptotic keratinocytes in all epidermal layers are diagnostic of erythema multiforme. This corresponds well with the clinical picture and the history. EM is an uncommon cutaneous reaction reported in the dog, cat, horse, and cow. EM is usually triggered by drug therapy or infection (viral, fungal, or bacteria), but may also occur in conjunction with underlying neoplasia. Some cases are idiopathic, particularly in older dogs. Although the pathogenesis is not completely understood, it is hypothesized that this disease represents a T lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivity reaction directed towards various antigens.
Literature
Ginn PE, Mansell JEKL and Rakich PM. Skin and appendages, Erythema multiforme. In: Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5th ed., M. Grant Maxie (ed.), Saunders Elsevier 2007, Vol. 1, pp 656–658 Gross TL, Ihrke PJ, Walder EJ and Affolter VK. Erythema multiforme. In: Skin diseases of the dog and the cat, clinical and histopathologic diagnosis, 2nd ed., Blackwell Science Ltd 2005, pp 65–68 Scott DW, Miller JRWH. Erythema multiforme in dogs and cats: literature review and case material from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine (1988–96). Veterinary Dermatology 1999, 10, 297–309
doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.02.035
Slide Seminar Case 8 Submitter
Julie Boisclair, Armelle Grevot and Marija Popovic Novartis Pharma AG, Safety and Assessment, Toxicologic Pathology, WKL-126-305, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Species, breed
Brown Norway rat
Sex
Female
Age
10 weeks (at start of dosing)
Study type
0, 7, 10, 14 and 21-day oral (gavage)