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Soldering and reliability
WORLD
ABSTRACTS
ON MICROELECTRONICS
(5) application of the solder and board dimensions; (6) thermal effects and board design.
Certain mathematical methods of investigating the reliability and stability of thermionic tube
AND
No. 3 (1971), p. 117. The redundancy optimization problem is formulated as an integer programming problem of zero-one type variables. T h e solution is obtained making use of an algorithm due to Lawler and Bell. Objective function and constraints can be any arbitrary functions. Three different variations of the optimization problem are considered. T h e formulation is easy and the solution is convenient on a digital computer. The size of the problem that can be solved is not restricted by the number of constraints. A fail-safe realization of alternating logic. H. YAMAMOTO,Y. URANO and T. WATANABE. Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Engrs ffapan 54-C, No. 12 (1971), p. 1079, (In Japanese). "Alternating Logic" is a timedomain redundant logic design, based on the successive execution of a required function and its dual function. This paper investigates a fail-safe realization of the alternating logic. First a fail-safe alternating logic system, which is a practical example of "easilydiagnosable" system, is formulated. Next a necessary and sufficient condition, and several practical sufficient conditions for its implementation are derived. Finally, an application of this logic to sequential circuits is described.
A theoretical analysis of system quality. D. C. DORROUGH. IEEE Trans Reliab. R-20, No. 3 (1971), p. 169. Specification of the rationale for developing a system quality measure entails considerable analysis and a careful evaluation of certain fundamental and often cherished reliability measures, e.g. mean time between failures or mean uptime. From such an analysis has come the following conclusions. In order to adequately assess the effects upon system performance of differing kinds and amounts of redundancy and to predict more accurately system availability, any nonclassical measure should quantify both length and quality of performance. A measure has been developed that meets such requirements, is distribution free, and can be evaluated in terms of system history. Two evaluational models with their peculiar difficulties are discussed.
*Cost analysis of debugging systems. B. P. LF~qTER. Mass. Inst. of Tech. Electrical Engng. Dept. U.S.A. (1101-7203) T72-00944 MAC-TR-90, N-0014-70-A0362-0001, September (1971), pp. 115. A general method is presented for performing cost analysis of interactive debugging systems. T h e method is based on an abstract
321
parameters. J. ]V[ACHOVEC. Slaboproudy obzor 32, No. 1 (1971), p. 1. (In Czechoslovakian.) Two methods are given which are based on approximation functions and may be used for determining the time behaviour of tube parameters.
3. C I R C U I T A N D S Y S T E M S R E L I A B I L I T Y , M A I N T E N A N C E
A method of solving redundancy optimization problems. K. B. MISRA. IEEE Trans. Reliab. R-20,
RELIABILITY
AND REDUNDANCY
model of program execution. This model is derived from the interpreter used in the Vienna method of semantic definition of PL/I. A brief discussion of the overall operation and significance of the Vienna interpreter is included. Four assumptions are made which allow execution times to be calculated for algorithms of the Vienna interpreter. A notion of absolute cost is developed which requires the use of these execution times for cost analysis of features of debugging systems. A set of eight interactive debugging operations is thoroughly analyzed using the method of cost analysis. Some overall conclusions are drawn about the relative costs of various types of debugging operations and some suggestions are made for minimal cost debugging system design.
Reliability of a self-repalrlng system with scheduled maintenance. H. YAMAMOTO. Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Engrs if@an 54-C, No. 12 (1971), p. 1087, (In Japanese). This paper studies the reliability of self-repairing system, whose spare units are maintained at scheduled intervals. System parameters are the length of maintenance interval, the number of spare units, and the failure rates of spare and working units. For them, expressions for the reliability and M T T F are derived and we have shown how the M T T F system can be improved compared with that of the corresponding nonmaintained system.
Computer reliability optimization system. A. Cici and V. MUGLXA. IEEE Trans. Reliab. R-20, No. 3 (1971), p. 110. The short electronic system development time, the acute competitiveness, the emphasis on lower costs, and the insistence upon high reliability has fostered practical computerization of the manager's and designer's reliability function. This computerization attempts to achieve feasible system optimization. The Computerized Reliability Optimization System (CROS) was developed by Hoffman Electronics Corporation's Computer-AidedDesign, Analysis, and Reliability Group to provide an optimum solution to the present system reliability methods. CROS is a comprehensive set of computer programs and a complementary design and management method for handling the total reliability function from proposal effort through the production and field-data analysis. T h e organization, application, feasibility, and results of CROS are discussed. *Simple data compression by redundancy replacement. E. E. WALLINGFORD and I. ALLESLEV. Royal Military Coll. of Canada, Electrical Engng. Dept.,
ABSTRACTS
ON MICROELECTRONICS
(5) application of the solder and board dimensions; (6) thermal effects and board design.
Certain mathematical methods of investigating the reliability and stability of thermionic tube
AND
No. 3 (1971), p. 117. The redundancy optimization problem is formulated as an integer programming problem of zero-one type variables. T h e solution is obtained making use of an algorithm due to Lawler and Bell. Objective function and constraints can be any arbitrary functions. Three different variations of the optimization problem are considered. T h e formulation is easy and the solution is convenient on a digital computer. The size of the problem that can be solved is not restricted by the number of constraints. A fail-safe realization of alternating logic. H. YAMAMOTO,Y. URANO and T. WATANABE. Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Engrs ffapan 54-C, No. 12 (1971), p. 1079, (In Japanese). "Alternating Logic" is a timedomain redundant logic design, based on the successive execution of a required function and its dual function. This paper investigates a fail-safe realization of the alternating logic. First a fail-safe alternating logic system, which is a practical example of "easilydiagnosable" system, is formulated. Next a necessary and sufficient condition, and several practical sufficient conditions for its implementation are derived. Finally, an application of this logic to sequential circuits is described.
A theoretical analysis of system quality. D. C. DORROUGH. IEEE Trans Reliab. R-20, No. 3 (1971), p. 169. Specification of the rationale for developing a system quality measure entails considerable analysis and a careful evaluation of certain fundamental and often cherished reliability measures, e.g. mean time between failures or mean uptime. From such an analysis has come the following conclusions. In order to adequately assess the effects upon system performance of differing kinds and amounts of redundancy and to predict more accurately system availability, any nonclassical measure should quantify both length and quality of performance. A measure has been developed that meets such requirements, is distribution free, and can be evaluated in terms of system history. Two evaluational models with their peculiar difficulties are discussed.
*Cost analysis of debugging systems. B. P. LF~qTER. Mass. Inst. of Tech. Electrical Engng. Dept. U.S.A. (1101-7203) T72-00944 MAC-TR-90, N-0014-70-A0362-0001, September (1971), pp. 115. A general method is presented for performing cost analysis of interactive debugging systems. T h e method is based on an abstract
321
parameters. J. ]V[ACHOVEC. Slaboproudy obzor 32, No. 1 (1971), p. 1. (In Czechoslovakian.) Two methods are given which are based on approximation functions and may be used for determining the time behaviour of tube parameters.
3. C I R C U I T A N D S Y S T E M S R E L I A B I L I T Y , M A I N T E N A N C E
A method of solving redundancy optimization problems. K. B. MISRA. IEEE Trans. Reliab. R-20,
RELIABILITY
AND REDUNDANCY
model of program execution. This model is derived from the interpreter used in the Vienna method of semantic definition of PL/I. A brief discussion of the overall operation and significance of the Vienna interpreter is included. Four assumptions are made which allow execution times to be calculated for algorithms of the Vienna interpreter. A notion of absolute cost is developed which requires the use of these execution times for cost analysis of features of debugging systems. A set of eight interactive debugging operations is thoroughly analyzed using the method of cost analysis. Some overall conclusions are drawn about the relative costs of various types of debugging operations and some suggestions are made for minimal cost debugging system design.
Reliability of a self-repalrlng system with scheduled maintenance. H. YAMAMOTO. Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Engrs if@an 54-C, No. 12 (1971), p. 1087, (In Japanese). This paper studies the reliability of self-repairing system, whose spare units are maintained at scheduled intervals. System parameters are the length of maintenance interval, the number of spare units, and the failure rates of spare and working units. For them, expressions for the reliability and M T T F are derived and we have shown how the M T T F system can be improved compared with that of the corresponding nonmaintained system.
Computer reliability optimization system. A. Cici and V. MUGLXA. IEEE Trans. Reliab. R-20, No. 3 (1971), p. 110. The short electronic system development time, the acute competitiveness, the emphasis on lower costs, and the insistence upon high reliability has fostered practical computerization of the manager's and designer's reliability function. This computerization attempts to achieve feasible system optimization. The Computerized Reliability Optimization System (CROS) was developed by Hoffman Electronics Corporation's Computer-AidedDesign, Analysis, and Reliability Group to provide an optimum solution to the present system reliability methods. CROS is a comprehensive set of computer programs and a complementary design and management method for handling the total reliability function from proposal effort through the production and field-data analysis. T h e organization, application, feasibility, and results of CROS are discussed. *Simple data compression by redundancy replacement. E. E. WALLINGFORD and I. ALLESLEV. Royal Military Coll. of Canada, Electrical Engng. Dept.,