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Sonar in the diagnosis of early pregnancy and its complications
E. G., and GERMANovIcH,I.N. The temperament effect of lifting height of liquid in capillaries in conditions of high frequency vibration. Znzhinerno-Fiziczeskii Zhurnal, 6, NO. 3, p. 103 (1963) The capillarity of most fluids is inversely proportional to temperature, but when the fluid is placed in an ultrasonic field it becomes directly proportional to temperature, This is likely to be of considerable significance, particularly where thorough wetting and impregnation are important. The paper presents experimental data on the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the lifting height of liquid in capillaries and in one experiment oil impregnation of anti-friction metal-toceramic surfaces has been accelerated many tens of times. (2 graphs) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 172)
KONOVALOV,
MACKINTOSH,
MUNDRY,E.
On the application of different reference blocks for the adjustment of ultrasonic echo equipment. Materialpriifung, 5, No. 8, p. 298 (1963) Five different types of reference block which are only minor variations of the standard block accepted by the International Institute of Welding were compared in order to find the most versatile design. Special emphasis was placed on the ease of calibration of angle probes but freedom from interference echoes, checking of resolution and linearity of amplifiers were also considered. On overall consideration, the International Institute of Welding Block does not give the best performance. (22 figures, 4 references). The article is followed by a specification of a new reference block by DNA (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 177)
A. R.
Ultrasonic attenuation in lead. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 271, No. 1344, p. 88 (1963) To obtain additional information about electronic structure and magneto-acoustic oscillation in metals the absorption of longitudinal ultrasonic waves has been studied as a function of transverse magnetic field in pure single crystals of lead at liquid helium temperatures. The experimental method is described and results are given. (8 figures, 3 tables, 17 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 173) P., and POLANSKII,YU Radio frequencies for industrial and medical applications. Radio (Moscow), 5, p. 56 (1963) Manufacturers and exporters of ultrasonic or other equipment to the U.S.S.R. will have to comply with a strict frequency allocation after 1st January, 1967. Standards prepared by the Ministry of Communication specify frequency bands and permissible levels of interference, and the important variables are summarized in two tables. MASIMENKO,
(Ultrasonics
1964, abstract
174)
MACVICAR,
J.,and DONALD,
I.
Sonar in the diagnosis of earIy pregnancy and its complications. J. Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 70, No. 3, p. 387 (1963) An ultrasonic equipment capable of giving an immediate two-dimensional picture of any cross-section of abdomen has been in routine hospital use for a number of years. It is valuable in diagnosis of pregnancy from 84 weeks onwards, and to confirm or rule out a number of abdominal complications such as hydatidiform moles, cysts and fibroids, and to recognize the type of tumour if one is found. This paper is a progress report where the authors present results of the examination of 135 cases of both normal and complicated pregnancy, as well as the practical experience gained in the course of their work. (13 figures, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract
175)
NEWELL,
J. A.
Ultrasonics in medicine (Review). Physics in Medicine and Biology, 8, No. 3, p. 241 (1963) The physical aspects of ultrasound are briefly discussed, and relevant formulae and constants used in the generation and propagation of sound energy in various human and animal tissues are given. Methods of measurement and some possible hazards are mentioned, but the main emphasis is on diagnostic and surgical application of ultrasound. Treatment of Men&e’s and Parkinson’s diseases by high-intensity ultrasound are discussed and low-intensity applications in brain, heart and eye are singled out for detailed description. Although controlled application of ultrasound is relatively new, all the evidence seems to prove its great value in medicine, and the author concludes with suggestions about its future development. (2 tables, 15 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract
REICHMAN,
178)
A. Z.
Methods of defect-size
measurement in welded joints. 29, No. 10, p. 1186 (1963) Among a number of possible methods of determining defect size which the author has investigated, comparison or measurement of the amplitude of the reflected signal is still the most reliable. A number of artificial defects from 1.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter were studied in a 30 mm steel plate, by means of a UZD-7N flaw detector with a built-in attenuator, working at 1.8 MC/S. Two identical probes were calibrated on a test block with the attenuator and the amplitude of the reflected signal was adjusted to correspond to that of a known artificial defect. Stabilized power supplies are essential and when thin objects are being tested, surface condition has to be taken into account. (1 figure, 5 graphs, 2 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 179) Zavodskaya
Laboratoriya,
MEYER, H.-J.
Ultrasonic wall thickness inspection in grey iron liners in transport diesels. Materialpriifung, 5, No. 8, p. 293 (1963) Cylinder blocks and, in particular, highly stressed integrally cast grey iron liners present considerable difficulty in production and even greater problems in non-destructive testing. Close tolerances and inaccessibility combined to restrict the use of mechanical, nuclear and magnetic methods, and high attenuation, due to grain size, porosity and composition, necessitated the development of a special ultrasonic technique. The author describes the instruments, probes, jigs and a degree of mechanization of ultrasonic testing that give results of acceptable standard and outlines a possible method of automation. (I 3 figures, 7 references) (C:ltrasonics 1964, abstract 176)
A., and DANILOV,YU. s. Ultrasonic detection of fatigue cracks in low-frequency static load experiments. Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 29, No. 10, p. 1188 (1963) The study of metal fatigue is facilitated if it is possible to determine not only the yield point but the appearance of the first microscopic cracks. Carefully prepared specimens were subjected to repeated loading at 8-10 c/s and the appearance of fatigue cracks was registered ultrasonically and by means of a x 40 microscope. With two 30” angle probes at 8.5 MC/S continuous wave, reliable detection of surface cracks under 100 pm is possible; it represents weakening of the specimen only a fraction of 1%. (5 figures, 12 references) (Ultrasonics RUBLEV,YA.
1964, abstract
180)
KONOVALOV,
MACKINTOSH,
MUNDRY,E.
On the application of different reference blocks for the adjustment of ultrasonic echo equipment. Materialpriifung, 5, No. 8, p. 298 (1963) Five different types of reference block which are only minor variations of the standard block accepted by the International Institute of Welding were compared in order to find the most versatile design. Special emphasis was placed on the ease of calibration of angle probes but freedom from interference echoes, checking of resolution and linearity of amplifiers were also considered. On overall consideration, the International Institute of Welding Block does not give the best performance. (22 figures, 4 references). The article is followed by a specification of a new reference block by DNA (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 177)
A. R.
Ultrasonic attenuation in lead. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 271, No. 1344, p. 88 (1963) To obtain additional information about electronic structure and magneto-acoustic oscillation in metals the absorption of longitudinal ultrasonic waves has been studied as a function of transverse magnetic field in pure single crystals of lead at liquid helium temperatures. The experimental method is described and results are given. (8 figures, 3 tables, 17 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 173) P., and POLANSKII,YU Radio frequencies for industrial and medical applications. Radio (Moscow), 5, p. 56 (1963) Manufacturers and exporters of ultrasonic or other equipment to the U.S.S.R. will have to comply with a strict frequency allocation after 1st January, 1967. Standards prepared by the Ministry of Communication specify frequency bands and permissible levels of interference, and the important variables are summarized in two tables. MASIMENKO,
(Ultrasonics
1964, abstract
174)
MACVICAR,
J.,and DONALD,
I.
Sonar in the diagnosis of earIy pregnancy and its complications. J. Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 70, No. 3, p. 387 (1963) An ultrasonic equipment capable of giving an immediate two-dimensional picture of any cross-section of abdomen has been in routine hospital use for a number of years. It is valuable in diagnosis of pregnancy from 84 weeks onwards, and to confirm or rule out a number of abdominal complications such as hydatidiform moles, cysts and fibroids, and to recognize the type of tumour if one is found. This paper is a progress report where the authors present results of the examination of 135 cases of both normal and complicated pregnancy, as well as the practical experience gained in the course of their work. (13 figures, 6 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract
175)
NEWELL,
J. A.
Ultrasonics in medicine (Review). Physics in Medicine and Biology, 8, No. 3, p. 241 (1963) The physical aspects of ultrasound are briefly discussed, and relevant formulae and constants used in the generation and propagation of sound energy in various human and animal tissues are given. Methods of measurement and some possible hazards are mentioned, but the main emphasis is on diagnostic and surgical application of ultrasound. Treatment of Men&e’s and Parkinson’s diseases by high-intensity ultrasound are discussed and low-intensity applications in brain, heart and eye are singled out for detailed description. Although controlled application of ultrasound is relatively new, all the evidence seems to prove its great value in medicine, and the author concludes with suggestions about its future development. (2 tables, 15 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract
REICHMAN,
178)
A. Z.
Methods of defect-size
measurement in welded joints. 29, No. 10, p. 1186 (1963) Among a number of possible methods of determining defect size which the author has investigated, comparison or measurement of the amplitude of the reflected signal is still the most reliable. A number of artificial defects from 1.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter were studied in a 30 mm steel plate, by means of a UZD-7N flaw detector with a built-in attenuator, working at 1.8 MC/S. Two identical probes were calibrated on a test block with the attenuator and the amplitude of the reflected signal was adjusted to correspond to that of a known artificial defect. Stabilized power supplies are essential and when thin objects are being tested, surface condition has to be taken into account. (1 figure, 5 graphs, 2 references) (Ultrasonics 1964, abstract 179) Zavodskaya
Laboratoriya,
MEYER, H.-J.
Ultrasonic wall thickness inspection in grey iron liners in transport diesels. Materialpriifung, 5, No. 8, p. 293 (1963) Cylinder blocks and, in particular, highly stressed integrally cast grey iron liners present considerable difficulty in production and even greater problems in non-destructive testing. Close tolerances and inaccessibility combined to restrict the use of mechanical, nuclear and magnetic methods, and high attenuation, due to grain size, porosity and composition, necessitated the development of a special ultrasonic technique. The author describes the instruments, probes, jigs and a degree of mechanization of ultrasonic testing that give results of acceptable standard and outlines a possible method of automation. (I 3 figures, 7 references) (C:ltrasonics 1964, abstract 176)
A., and DANILOV,YU. s. Ultrasonic detection of fatigue cracks in low-frequency static load experiments. Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 29, No. 10, p. 1188 (1963) The study of metal fatigue is facilitated if it is possible to determine not only the yield point but the appearance of the first microscopic cracks. Carefully prepared specimens were subjected to repeated loading at 8-10 c/s and the appearance of fatigue cracks was registered ultrasonically and by means of a x 40 microscope. With two 30” angle probes at 8.5 MC/S continuous wave, reliable detection of surface cracks under 100 pm is possible; it represents weakening of the specimen only a fraction of 1%. (5 figures, 12 references) (Ultrasonics RUBLEV,YA.
1964, abstract
180)