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Sustainable agricultural crop production by endophytic actinobacteria
S290
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the dye decolorizing potential of Bacillus Sp. to decolorize indigo dye. The decolorization potential of Bacillus Sp. isolated from an industriel wastewater treatment plant showed that it was the most efficient in decolorizing indigo dye. The culture exhibited good potential ability in decolorizing indigo dye when present as a mixture at 100 mg/L. The new isolated Bacillus Sp. exhibited excellent resistance and decolourisation ability to indigo. Biodecolorization ability of the newly isolated bacillus was checked for different concentrations of indigo. The culture was found to be effective on indigo resulted in 70–90% colour removal in 12 h of incubation (data not shown) and 90–98% decolourisation in 24 h. The decolorization of indigo was studied under static and agitation conditions with an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L. Under shaking condition the culture though showed faster growth and decolorization. The results clearly indicated that decolorization was dependent on biomass concentration and was significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen. The study of the mechanism of indigo removal showed that was attributed to biodegradation. The main absorbance peak approximately disappeared within few hours, followed by an insignificant change in peak for next 24 h. In addition, extra absorbance peaks appeared in decolorized solution, probably resulting from the absorbance of metabolites or degraded fragments of dye molecules. The feasibility of repetitive uses of suspended culture for decolorization was investigated with repeated-batch operations. For intact cultures, there has been a marked rise in the specific decolorization rate (SDR). The culture exhibited stable decolorization activity and significant acclimation due to this increased SDR for each cycle. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.232 [P-E.211] Application of tannery organic wastes in degraded soils remediation G. Zainescu 1,∗ , P. Voicu 1,2 , A. Gherghina 1,2 , L. Sandru 1,3 1
Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Romania Research Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Romania 3 Research Institute for Plant Protection, Romania Keywords: biopolymer; organic wastes; tannery; soil 2
Recent studies carried on in Central and Eastern Europe showed that in these countries, the main degradation processes induced by human activity consist in reduced soil fertility, crustformation, water and wind erosion, landslides and chemical pollution.Conservation of soils and their fertility in equilibrium to natural processes represent an essential requirement for ensuring food safety for a growing population. The use of untanned wastes presents a special interest, because it provides almost total fleshing waste discharge while obtaining qualitatively and economically valuable products. The main target of this scientific paper is investigating the development possibilities for various multicompound systems of biodegradable polymers and studying the effects of these complex products on the structure and chemical and physical characteristics of degraded or contaminated soils (having a poor level of organic matter or submitted to a strong erosion process). Organic biopolymers represent a source of raw material for agriculture, because the composition of protean wastes provides enough elements to improve composition and rehabilitation of degraded soils, and plants can capitalize some elements: nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium etc.
The work presents a new pilot technology for biochemical decay of the tannery protein wastes and use of the resulted products as fertilizers. The project will contribute both to agricultural rehabilitation of poor and degraded soil and to decreasing and capitalizing protein wastes that are actually discharged at waste dumps. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.233 [P-E.212] Sustainable agricultural crop production by endophytic actinobacteria Christopher Franco Flinders University, Australia We have successfully developed a new sustainable method using endophytic microorganisms to enhance agricultural productivity. In our work we have screened and developed endophytic actinobacteria as inoculants to increase grain yields of cereal crops in broadacre cultivation. These endophytic filamentous bacteria, which inhabit the internal tissues of most plants were isolated using selective media to obtain a diverse range of genera, and screened for strains with beneficial properties such as control of fungal root diseases and plant growth promotion. Actinobacteria are ideal partners as they are prolific producers of useful ‘interactive’ secondary metabolites. We hypothesized that endophytes will be more reliable and effective than other inoculants as they work inside the plant. We have identified endophytic actinobacteria that work within plants to enhance crop yields and improve crop establishment and plant growth – this has been proven to occur via number of modes of action such as nutrient acquisition, production of growth hormones, direct antagonism of fungal pathogens via antibiosis or the induction of systemic defense responses. Molecular methods were used to identify endophytic bacterial populations within a range of crop plants. We have provided microscopic evidence of colonisation to show their endophytic status. These studies reveal how these microorganisms enter and migrate through the plant host. Current studies are identifying the plant –microbe interactions that are mediated by genes on a 13kB plasmid, and bv proteomic approaches. Field trials were carried out to select elite strains of endophytic actinobacteria with the ability to control fungal root diseases affecting cereal crops such as wheat and barley over a 5 year period. These elite strains of endophyte actinobacteria increased grain yields by between 5-60% compared to the untreated controls, in the presence of Rhizoctonia, Gauemannomyces and Crown rot diseases. These actinobacterial inoculants can be cultivated in vitro on a large scale and applied as spores to seed at sowing. The application of the endophyte inoculant does not significantly change the microbial populations within the plant or in the rhizosphere. Endophytic actinobacteria are natural resources that are effective and reliable for use in agriculture and are a sustainable biotechnology resource to secure and improve grain yields. This technology is being commercialized and opens a new paradigm that can also be applied to inc pasture production, horticulture and floriculture. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.234
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the dye decolorizing potential of Bacillus Sp. to decolorize indigo dye. The decolorization potential of Bacillus Sp. isolated from an industriel wastewater treatment plant showed that it was the most efficient in decolorizing indigo dye. The culture exhibited good potential ability in decolorizing indigo dye when present as a mixture at 100 mg/L. The new isolated Bacillus Sp. exhibited excellent resistance and decolourisation ability to indigo. Biodecolorization ability of the newly isolated bacillus was checked for different concentrations of indigo. The culture was found to be effective on indigo resulted in 70–90% colour removal in 12 h of incubation (data not shown) and 90–98% decolourisation in 24 h. The decolorization of indigo was studied under static and agitation conditions with an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L. Under shaking condition the culture though showed faster growth and decolorization. The results clearly indicated that decolorization was dependent on biomass concentration and was significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen. The study of the mechanism of indigo removal showed that was attributed to biodegradation. The main absorbance peak approximately disappeared within few hours, followed by an insignificant change in peak for next 24 h. In addition, extra absorbance peaks appeared in decolorized solution, probably resulting from the absorbance of metabolites or degraded fragments of dye molecules. The feasibility of repetitive uses of suspended culture for decolorization was investigated with repeated-batch operations. For intact cultures, there has been a marked rise in the specific decolorization rate (SDR). The culture exhibited stable decolorization activity and significant acclimation due to this increased SDR for each cycle. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.232 [P-E.211] Application of tannery organic wastes in degraded soils remediation G. Zainescu 1,∗ , P. Voicu 1,2 , A. Gherghina 1,2 , L. Sandru 1,3 1
Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Romania Research Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Romania 3 Research Institute for Plant Protection, Romania Keywords: biopolymer; organic wastes; tannery; soil 2
Recent studies carried on in Central and Eastern Europe showed that in these countries, the main degradation processes induced by human activity consist in reduced soil fertility, crustformation, water and wind erosion, landslides and chemical pollution.Conservation of soils and their fertility in equilibrium to natural processes represent an essential requirement for ensuring food safety for a growing population. The use of untanned wastes presents a special interest, because it provides almost total fleshing waste discharge while obtaining qualitatively and economically valuable products. The main target of this scientific paper is investigating the development possibilities for various multicompound systems of biodegradable polymers and studying the effects of these complex products on the structure and chemical and physical characteristics of degraded or contaminated soils (having a poor level of organic matter or submitted to a strong erosion process). Organic biopolymers represent a source of raw material for agriculture, because the composition of protean wastes provides enough elements to improve composition and rehabilitation of degraded soils, and plants can capitalize some elements: nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium etc.
The work presents a new pilot technology for biochemical decay of the tannery protein wastes and use of the resulted products as fertilizers. The project will contribute both to agricultural rehabilitation of poor and degraded soil and to decreasing and capitalizing protein wastes that are actually discharged at waste dumps. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.233 [P-E.212] Sustainable agricultural crop production by endophytic actinobacteria Christopher Franco Flinders University, Australia We have successfully developed a new sustainable method using endophytic microorganisms to enhance agricultural productivity. In our work we have screened and developed endophytic actinobacteria as inoculants to increase grain yields of cereal crops in broadacre cultivation. These endophytic filamentous bacteria, which inhabit the internal tissues of most plants were isolated using selective media to obtain a diverse range of genera, and screened for strains with beneficial properties such as control of fungal root diseases and plant growth promotion. Actinobacteria are ideal partners as they are prolific producers of useful ‘interactive’ secondary metabolites. We hypothesized that endophytes will be more reliable and effective than other inoculants as they work inside the plant. We have identified endophytic actinobacteria that work within plants to enhance crop yields and improve crop establishment and plant growth – this has been proven to occur via number of modes of action such as nutrient acquisition, production of growth hormones, direct antagonism of fungal pathogens via antibiosis or the induction of systemic defense responses. Molecular methods were used to identify endophytic bacterial populations within a range of crop plants. We have provided microscopic evidence of colonisation to show their endophytic status. These studies reveal how these microorganisms enter and migrate through the plant host. Current studies are identifying the plant –microbe interactions that are mediated by genes on a 13kB plasmid, and bv proteomic approaches. Field trials were carried out to select elite strains of endophytic actinobacteria with the ability to control fungal root diseases affecting cereal crops such as wheat and barley over a 5 year period. These elite strains of endophyte actinobacteria increased grain yields by between 5-60% compared to the untreated controls, in the presence of Rhizoctonia, Gauemannomyces and Crown rot diseases. These actinobacterial inoculants can be cultivated in vitro on a large scale and applied as spores to seed at sowing. The application of the endophyte inoculant does not significantly change the microbial populations within the plant or in the rhizosphere. Endophytic actinobacteria are natural resources that are effective and reliable for use in agriculture and are a sustainable biotechnology resource to secure and improve grain yields. This technology is being commercialized and opens a new paradigm that can also be applied to inc pasture production, horticulture and floriculture. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.234