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Sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on children's cardiac rhythm
cholesterol formation. reduces the number of incorrect tions and optimizes the cardiovascular performance.
LATERALIZED AUTONOMIC FOR STRESS. OGY
solu-
RHYTHMS OF THE CENTRAL AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOPATHOL-
D.S. Shannahoff-Khalsa The Khalsa Foundation
SYMPATHETIC AND ENCES ON CHILDREN’S for Medical
Science.
BRAIN TIMING BY THE SUAL RECOGNITION
Nervous
EEG ALPHA-WAVE
Activity
and
PARASYMPATHETIC’ CARDIAC RHYTHM
INFLU-
U.S.A
Ultradian rhythms of alternating cerebral hemispheric activity, exhibited by EEG. are coupled with the lateralized autonomic rhythms of the nasal cycle; a phenomenon where efficiency of breathing alternates predominantly through the right or left nostril with a periodicity ranging from 2.5 to greater than 200 minutes, and is regulated by a lateralized sympathetic dominance on one side with a simultaneous parasympathetic on the other. The nasal cycle is also coupled with the alternating lateralization of plasma levels of norepinephrine. epinephrine, and dopamine in the periphery. The hypothalamus is proposed as the regulator of these rhythms both in the central and autonomic nervous systems. These rhythms are proposed as a more general rhythm and will be discussed in relationship to stress and sleep stages, the Basic Rest Activity Cycle. pituitary hormone rhythms. and lateralized regulation of immunity. The evolutionary value of the proposed general rhythm, for purposes of adaptation and homeostasis. will be considered from the structural perspective of bilaterality of brain and other organ systems. The Iaterality of psychopathology for anxiety. depression. schizophrenia, and other states will he discussed.
Igor A. Shevelev Institute of Higher Moscow, U.S.S.R.
the phase was found that provides for the reliable change in the movement direction recognition. Thus, the checked idea was confirmed: the EEG alphawave represents the spatially spreading cortical process that carries out a readout of information for its rhythmical transmission to other cortical areas.
AND
VI-
Neurophysiology.
The idea on the EEG alpha-waves as a rhythmically spreading readout process in the primary visual cortex was checked in controlled experiments with 15 healthy persons. Switching on of the tachistoscope for exposition of recognized figures of different configuration. size or eccentricity in the visual field as well as the hcginning of the light source movement was synchronized with one of the 4 main phases of the occipital EEG alpha-wave. Reliable dependence of the recognition of figures and of the movement direction on alpha-wave phase was found. It manifests itself in the hetter recognition of the small or centrally localized figures at relatively later phases while of the big ones (up to 13 degrees) at earlier phases. Similarly
Tatiana Sirota Research Institute Moscow, U.S.S.R.
of
Children
and
Juvenile
Physiology,
Problems of investigation in cardiac rate vegetative regulation in children’s ontogenesis are presented. It is suggested to use spectral analyses of the R-R intervals in the evaluation of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the child’s cardiac rate. Functional diagnosis of the child’s heart was carried out with the use of ohsidan and isodrin. It has shown the correspondence between the level of sympathetic activity and the intensiveness of low frequency oscillations in the R-R intervals spectrum. The decrease in parasympathetic activity after the injection of atropine has revealed the correspondence between its level of activity and the intensiveness of high frequency. It has shown vegetative influence on the heart rhvthm.
INNERVATED AND DENERVATED SINO-ATRIAL ACTIVITY IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS DURING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS R.P. Sloan, PA. Shapiro, M.M. Myers College of Physicians and New York. NY. U.S.A.
E.
Horn.
Surgeons.
J.M. Columbia
Gorman
and
University.
Chronotropic responsiveness to psychological stress is due to the effects of the autonomic nervous system and circulating neurohormones. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation eliminates direct autonomic control mechanisms, hut transplant recipients retain a cuff of atrial tissue in which the native sinoatrial node is hometimes preserved. Depolarization of the still-innervated sinoatrial tissue is evident in surface electrocardiographic recordings, thus allowing measurement of innervated and denervated atrial activity in the same subject. Accordingly. we compared the responres of the graft heart to those of the native atrium during a stressful mental arithmetic task in eight transplant patients. studied seven to 15 days following surgery. HR responses were significantly greater in the native SA node than in the graft heart (P < 0.05). Recovery from the task also was greater (P < 0.001) and more rapid (P < 0.05) in the native SA node than in the denenrated heart. Thus. the response of the denervated heart to psychological stress is blunted and more gradual than that of the
LATERALIZED AUTONOMIC FOR STRESS. OGY
solu-
RHYTHMS OF THE CENTRAL AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOPATHOL-
D.S. Shannahoff-Khalsa The Khalsa Foundation
SYMPATHETIC AND ENCES ON CHILDREN’S for Medical
Science.
BRAIN TIMING BY THE SUAL RECOGNITION
Nervous
EEG ALPHA-WAVE
Activity
and
PARASYMPATHETIC’ CARDIAC RHYTHM
INFLU-
U.S.A
Ultradian rhythms of alternating cerebral hemispheric activity, exhibited by EEG. are coupled with the lateralized autonomic rhythms of the nasal cycle; a phenomenon where efficiency of breathing alternates predominantly through the right or left nostril with a periodicity ranging from 2.5 to greater than 200 minutes, and is regulated by a lateralized sympathetic dominance on one side with a simultaneous parasympathetic on the other. The nasal cycle is also coupled with the alternating lateralization of plasma levels of norepinephrine. epinephrine, and dopamine in the periphery. The hypothalamus is proposed as the regulator of these rhythms both in the central and autonomic nervous systems. These rhythms are proposed as a more general rhythm and will be discussed in relationship to stress and sleep stages, the Basic Rest Activity Cycle. pituitary hormone rhythms. and lateralized regulation of immunity. The evolutionary value of the proposed general rhythm, for purposes of adaptation and homeostasis. will be considered from the structural perspective of bilaterality of brain and other organ systems. The Iaterality of psychopathology for anxiety. depression. schizophrenia, and other states will he discussed.
Igor A. Shevelev Institute of Higher Moscow, U.S.S.R.
the phase was found that provides for the reliable change in the movement direction recognition. Thus, the checked idea was confirmed: the EEG alphawave represents the spatially spreading cortical process that carries out a readout of information for its rhythmical transmission to other cortical areas.
AND
VI-
Neurophysiology.
The idea on the EEG alpha-waves as a rhythmically spreading readout process in the primary visual cortex was checked in controlled experiments with 15 healthy persons. Switching on of the tachistoscope for exposition of recognized figures of different configuration. size or eccentricity in the visual field as well as the hcginning of the light source movement was synchronized with one of the 4 main phases of the occipital EEG alpha-wave. Reliable dependence of the recognition of figures and of the movement direction on alpha-wave phase was found. It manifests itself in the hetter recognition of the small or centrally localized figures at relatively later phases while of the big ones (up to 13 degrees) at earlier phases. Similarly
Tatiana Sirota Research Institute Moscow, U.S.S.R.
of
Children
and
Juvenile
Physiology,
Problems of investigation in cardiac rate vegetative regulation in children’s ontogenesis are presented. It is suggested to use spectral analyses of the R-R intervals in the evaluation of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the child’s cardiac rate. Functional diagnosis of the child’s heart was carried out with the use of ohsidan and isodrin. It has shown the correspondence between the level of sympathetic activity and the intensiveness of low frequency oscillations in the R-R intervals spectrum. The decrease in parasympathetic activity after the injection of atropine has revealed the correspondence between its level of activity and the intensiveness of high frequency. It has shown vegetative influence on the heart rhvthm.
INNERVATED AND DENERVATED SINO-ATRIAL ACTIVITY IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS DURING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS R.P. Sloan, PA. Shapiro, M.M. Myers College of Physicians and New York. NY. U.S.A.
E.
Horn.
Surgeons.
J.M. Columbia
Gorman
and
University.
Chronotropic responsiveness to psychological stress is due to the effects of the autonomic nervous system and circulating neurohormones. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation eliminates direct autonomic control mechanisms, hut transplant recipients retain a cuff of atrial tissue in which the native sinoatrial node is hometimes preserved. Depolarization of the still-innervated sinoatrial tissue is evident in surface electrocardiographic recordings, thus allowing measurement of innervated and denervated atrial activity in the same subject. Accordingly. we compared the responres of the graft heart to those of the native atrium during a stressful mental arithmetic task in eight transplant patients. studied seven to 15 days following surgery. HR responses were significantly greater in the native SA node than in the graft heart (P < 0.05). Recovery from the task also was greater (P < 0.001) and more rapid (P < 0.05) in the native SA node than in the denenrated heart. Thus. the response of the denervated heart to psychological stress is blunted and more gradual than that of the