- Email: [email protected]
GC–MS
Abstract / Clinica Chimica Acta 411 (2010) 896–914
analysis were identified as controls: all 7 CSF neurotransmitter profiles were negative for AADC deficiency. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.045
909
W.T.Vong, F. Sa, T.M. Chan, C.W.K. Lam Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau Special Administrative Region, China Email: [email protected] Introduction
Poster
F.Sa, W.T. Vong, T.M. Chan, C.W.K. Lam Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau Special Administrative Region, China Email: [email protected]
Limitation of organochlorine pesticide residues in proprietary Chinese medicines is an important regulatory measure for their export in Hong Kong, but there is no such requirement in Macau and Mainland China. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market. Two hundred and thirty one proprietary Chinese medicines were analyzed for twenty organochlorine pesticide residues using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC– ECD).
Introduction
Methods
Legislation on limits of heavy metals in proprietary Chinese medicines is an important regulatory measure for protecting the health and safety of the consuming public. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market. Two hundred and sixty two samples were analysed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS).
Following the method of the Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Standard 2005, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate ultrasonically, cleaned up with gel permeation chromatography, followed by solid phase extraction using a Florisil column, and analyzed by GC– ECD. Presence of pesticides was confirmed by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
Determination of heavy metals in proprietary Chinese medicines by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry
Results Methods Following the method of the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005, samples were microwave digested with concentrated nitric acid before analysis by ICP–MS (Model 7500a, Agilent). Results Three samples were contaminated with Pb at 283–795 μg/day, while 1 sample was contaminated with As at 2219 μg/day, both exceeding the allowable limits of 179 μg/day and 1500 μg/day respectively (Macau Health Bureau). Another 4 samples were found to be contaminated both with As and Hg but the contaminants were claimed to be arsenic sulfide and mercury sulfide that had been used as mineral drugs in traditional Chinese culture for centuries. Cu was detected in 1 sample at 210 mg/kg but the safety limit of this metal remained undetermined in Macau. Conclusions Our findings were by no means alarming with regard to the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market. However, they should alert consumers of the potential health hazards of contamination by toxic heavy metals. It is suggested that pharmaceutical manufacturers should state in the labeling and product inserts the potential hazard of taking mineral drugs like mercury and arsenic sulfides. The Macau Health Bureau should establish and enforce an allowable limit for Cu in proprietary Chinese medicines.
doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.046
Poster
Systematic evaluation of organochlorine pesticide residues in proprietary Chinese medicines by GC–ECD/GC–MS
Twenty one samples (9.1%) were found to contain one or more of the target organochlorine pesticide residues. Three groups of pesticides were identified, including pentachloronitrobenzene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and hexachlorobenzene. They were detected at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.2 mg/kg. Conclusions Our results show that some proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market were contaminated with organochlorine pesticides. Therefore, more supervision and regular inspections should be implemented promptly in order to promote stricter surveillance and quality control of proprietary Chinese medicines in Macau. It is suggested that the People's Republic of China and Macau Health Bureau should establish an allowable limit of organochlorine pesticide residues for regulating proprietary Chinese medicines.
doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.047
Poster Biochemical and molecular characterization of dopa-responsive dystonias in Hong Kong Chinese C.M.Mak 1,2, T.S. Siu 1, S. Tam 1, C.W. Lam 3, Y.W. Chan 2, K.Y. Chan 4, B. Chan 4, E. Yau 4, J. Hui 5, W.L. Yeung 5, L.C. Low 6, V.C. Wong 6, Y.Y. Lam 7, C.H. Ko 8, W.W. Cheng 8, Y.P. Yuen 2, H.C. Lee 2, W.K. Siu 2, S.F. Tong 3 1 Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China 2 Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
analysis were identified as controls: all 7 CSF neurotransmitter profiles were negative for AADC deficiency. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.045
909
W.T.Vong, F. Sa, T.M. Chan, C.W.K. Lam Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau Special Administrative Region, China Email: [email protected] Introduction
Poster
F.Sa, W.T. Vong, T.M. Chan, C.W.K. Lam Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau Special Administrative Region, China Email: [email protected]
Limitation of organochlorine pesticide residues in proprietary Chinese medicines is an important regulatory measure for their export in Hong Kong, but there is no such requirement in Macau and Mainland China. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market. Two hundred and thirty one proprietary Chinese medicines were analyzed for twenty organochlorine pesticide residues using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC– ECD).
Introduction
Methods
Legislation on limits of heavy metals in proprietary Chinese medicines is an important regulatory measure for protecting the health and safety of the consuming public. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market. Two hundred and sixty two samples were analysed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS).
Following the method of the Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Standard 2005, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate ultrasonically, cleaned up with gel permeation chromatography, followed by solid phase extraction using a Florisil column, and analyzed by GC– ECD. Presence of pesticides was confirmed by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
Determination of heavy metals in proprietary Chinese medicines by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry
Results Methods Following the method of the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China 2005, samples were microwave digested with concentrated nitric acid before analysis by ICP–MS (Model 7500a, Agilent). Results Three samples were contaminated with Pb at 283–795 μg/day, while 1 sample was contaminated with As at 2219 μg/day, both exceeding the allowable limits of 179 μg/day and 1500 μg/day respectively (Macau Health Bureau). Another 4 samples were found to be contaminated both with As and Hg but the contaminants were claimed to be arsenic sulfide and mercury sulfide that had been used as mineral drugs in traditional Chinese culture for centuries. Cu was detected in 1 sample at 210 mg/kg but the safety limit of this metal remained undetermined in Macau. Conclusions Our findings were by no means alarming with regard to the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market. However, they should alert consumers of the potential health hazards of contamination by toxic heavy metals. It is suggested that pharmaceutical manufacturers should state in the labeling and product inserts the potential hazard of taking mineral drugs like mercury and arsenic sulfides. The Macau Health Bureau should establish and enforce an allowable limit for Cu in proprietary Chinese medicines.
doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.046
Poster
Systematic evaluation of organochlorine pesticide residues in proprietary Chinese medicines by GC–ECD/GC–MS
Twenty one samples (9.1%) were found to contain one or more of the target organochlorine pesticide residues. Three groups of pesticides were identified, including pentachloronitrobenzene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and hexachlorobenzene. They were detected at concentrations between 0.01 and 0.2 mg/kg. Conclusions Our results show that some proprietary Chinese medicines in the Macau market were contaminated with organochlorine pesticides. Therefore, more supervision and regular inspections should be implemented promptly in order to promote stricter surveillance and quality control of proprietary Chinese medicines in Macau. It is suggested that the People's Republic of China and Macau Health Bureau should establish an allowable limit of organochlorine pesticide residues for regulating proprietary Chinese medicines.
doi:10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.047
Poster Biochemical and molecular characterization of dopa-responsive dystonias in Hong Kong Chinese C.M.Mak 1,2, T.S. Siu 1, S. Tam 1, C.W. Lam 3, Y.W. Chan 2, K.Y. Chan 4, B. Chan 4, E. Yau 4, J. Hui 5, W.L. Yeung 5, L.C. Low 6, V.C. Wong 6, Y.Y. Lam 7, C.H. Ko 8, W.W. Cheng 8, Y.P. Yuen 2, H.C. Lee 2, W.K. Siu 2, S.F. Tong 3 1 Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China 2 Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China