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Taxonomic revision of the family Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera) in Korea
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20 (2017) 1032–1042
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Taxonomic revision of the family Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera) in Korea Hyun-Kyung Yoon, Bong-Kyu Byun
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Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-Daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Cosmopterigidae Gelechioidea Lepidoptera New record Korea
This study was conducted to review the family Cosmopterigidae in Korea with taxonomic arrangement. In this study, a total of 27 species of 8 genera within 3 subfamilies were recognized from Korea. Among them, four species, Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick, 1932), Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, 1985, C. setariella Sinev, 1985 and Labdia citracma (Meyrick, 1915) are reported for the first time from Korea. All the known species were examined and briefly redescribed with illustrations of the adult and male and female genitalic structure. Also their available information, including the distributional ranges, host plants and biological data, is enumerated when available.
Introduction
so on (Koster, 2010a, 2010b). In Korea, Park (1983) listed nine species of five genera under two subfamilies for the first time. Later, Park (1994) added nine newly recorded species. Sinev and Park (1994) described two new species and reported two newly recorded species. Later, Ponomarenko and Park (1997) reported the genus Scaeosopha for the first time from Korea with description of a new species, S. sinevi Ponomarenko & Park. Consequently, 23 species of 7 genera under 3 subfamilies have been recorded from Korea to date (Byun et al., 2009). Most of them, however, have been recorded only by the previous literature or checklist without the adult and genitalic illustration, including the detail taxonomic and morphological information. In this paper, a total of 27 species of 8 genera under 3 subfamilies of the family Cosmopterigidae is recognized from Korea, including a newly recorded genus Pyroderces and four unrecorded species: Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick), Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, C. setariella Sinev and Labdia citracma (Meyrick). All the known species were classified and enumerated under three subfamilies system. All available material was critically examined and illustrated of their adults and genitalic structures for the first time in Korea. Also their available information of distributional range, collecting locality and host plant are provided.
The family Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea), is known to comprise 1792 species of 135 genera worldwide (Sinev, 2002). Bradley (1972) treated it as a subfamily rank for the first time. Several investigators recently elevated this taxon as a family rank (Nielson and Common, 1991; Sinev, 1993; Park, 1994). The family can be distinguished from the other families of the superfamily Gelechioidea by the following characters: in head part, proboscis are well developed, covered with smooth scales; labial palpus is thin and curved above the head; frons is covered with numerous smooth scales, usually same with that of forewing color; antenna is filiform, as long as 1/2–3/4 of forewing. In regards to the thorax, the color is same as with that of forewing, of which white streaks are absent or present in the number of one to three. Forewing is lanceolate and fairly narrowed in most of species, but rather widened exceptionally in others. In Korea, the members of the family Cosmopterigidae had been listed under the family Stathmopodidae until Park (1983), who placed them into Cosmopterigidae. In this family, three subfamilies, Antequerinae Hodges, 1978, Cosmopteriginae Heinemann and Wocke, 1876 and Scaeosophinae Meyrick, 1922a have been known from Korea to date (Park, 1983; Park, 1994; Ponomarenko and Park, 1997; Li et al., 2012). Members of the family are small to medium sized moths (5–20 mm), with the characteristic wing shape narrowing toward the apex. Among the three subfamilies of the family, two families, Antequerinae and Cosmopteriginae, have fancy, colorful and shiny wings, whereas the other subfamily, Scaeosophinae, has grayish or blackish wings. Some of them are mainly leaf-miners and other species are typical borers of various part of the plants, including stem, seed, root, and
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Materials and methods The materials examined in this study were collected at 8 localities from 2012 to 2015 in Korea. Most specimens examined in this study were collected by the light trap or bucket trap. In the light trap, a mercury vapor lamp (220 V/400 W) and a black light (20 W) were used
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (B.-K. Byun).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.06.005 Received 13 April 2017; Received in revised form 5 June 2017; Accepted 15 June 2017 Available online 16 June 2017 1226-8615/ © 2017 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20 (2017) 1032–1042
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Figs. 1–14. Adults of the family Cosmopterigidae: 1, Limnaecia phragmitella; 2, Pancalia hexachrysa; 3, P. isshikii; 4, P. schwarzella; 5, Anatrachyntis japonica; 6, Cosmopterix argentitegulella; 7, C. bichromella; 8, C. fulminella; 9, C. gracilis; 10, C. infundibulella; 11, C. lienigiella; 12, C. rhynchognathosella; 13, C. setariella; 14, C. victor.
tube with 100% glycerol to examine the lateral part of genitalia. The genitalia were dissected and examined with microscope (Nikon Model SMZ445, Nikon Co. Tokyo, Japan). The type locality (TL) for each species is provided.
for collecting the moths. A sweeping net was usually used during daytime collecting. The bucket trap was utilized for the overnight collections. The method of genitalia dissection was followed after Holloway et al. (1987). Some male genitalia were stored in small vial 1033
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Figs. 15–23. Adults of the family Cosmopterigidae: 15, Cosmopterix zieglerella. 16, Labdia antennella; 17, L. bicolorella; 18, L. citracma; 19, L. issikii; 20, L. niphosticta; 21, L. semicoccinea; 22, Pyroderces sarcogypsa; 23, Ressia quercidentella.
< Provinces & etc. > -S: Seoul -GG: Gyeonggi-do -GW: Gangwon-do -CB: Chungcheongbuk-do -CN: Chungcheongnam-do -JB: Jeollabuk-do -JN: Jeollanam-do -GB: Gyeongsangbuk-do -GN: Gyeongsangnam-do -JJ: Jeju-do -PN: Pyeongannam-do -PB: Pyeonganbuk-do -HN: Hamgyeongnam-do -HB: Hwanghaebuk-do
Additionally, material examined for this study is based on collections of the following institutions: Korea National Arboretum (KNA), National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS) and Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University (INU). Abbreviations of institutes/collections and provinces used herein are as follows: < Entomological collections > -SEL/HNU: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea -HNUHM: Hannam University Natural History Museum, Daejeon, Korea -KNIC/KNA: Korea National Insect Collection, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea -NAS: National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, Korea -CIS/KNU: Center for Insect Systematics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea -INU: Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea -HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
Taxonomic accounts Family Cosmopterigidae Heinemann and Wocke, 1876 Type genus: Cosmopterix Hübner, 1825: 424.
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Figs. 24–35. Male genitalia of Cosmopterigidae: 24, Limnaecia phragmitella; 25, Pancalia hexachrysa (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 26, P. isshikii; 27, P. schwarzella (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 28, Cosmopterix argentitegulella; 29, C. bichromella; 30, C. fulminella; 31, C. gracilis. 32, C. infundibulella; 33, C. lienigiella; 34, C. rhynchognathosella; 35, C. setariella. < scale bars: 0.5 mm > .
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Figs. 36–42. Male genitalia of Cosmopterigidae: 36, Cosmopterix victor; 37, C. zieglerella; 38, Labdia issikii; 39, L. niphosticta; 40, Pyroderces sarcogypsa; 41, Ressia quercidentella; 42, Scaeosopha sinevi (redrawn after Ponomarenko and Park, 1997). < scale bars: 0.5 mm > .
worldwide (Sinev, 2002). This subfamily is characterized by the forewing rather broadened, the forewing and hindwing tapering toward the apex, and the male genitalia showing three-dimensional with lack of uncus. The Antequerinae is distinguished from the other subfamilies of Cosmopterigidae by colorful and shiny scales on the forewing, with characterized patterns. In Korea, four species of two genera have been recorded (Park, 1983, 1994; Sinev and Park, 1994).
Key to the subfamily of the family Cosmopterigidae in Korea 1. Forewing and hindwing narrowing toward the apex, ground color of forewing fancy and colorful······································································ ··············································································· ····················································································2 - Forewing and hindwing rather rounded toward the apex, ground color of forewing dark brownish and grayish···················· ····································································································································Scaeosophinae 2. Forewing and hindwing slender, sharped apex······································· ·······························································································································Cosmopteriginae - Forewing and hindwing rather broadened, rounded apex·············· ·······································································································································Antequerinae
Genus Limnaecia Stainton, 1851 Limnaecia Stainton, 1851: 4. Type species: Limnaecia phragmitella Stainton, 1851: 4. TL: England. =Ptilochares Meyrick, 1887: 1046. =Limnoecia Meyrick, 1895: 674. =Lymnaecia Dyar, 1903: 537. =Callixestis Meyrick, 1917: 41. =Erechthiodes Meyrick, 1914a: 195. =Opszyga Lower, 1903: 230. =Thalerostoma Meyrick, 1917: 42.
Subfamily Antequerinae Hodges, 1978 Antequerinae Hodges, 1978: 16. Type genus: Antequera Clarke, 1941: 90. Type species: Semioscopis acertella Busck, 1913: 100. The subfamily Antequerinae, comprises about 190 species of 10 genera
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Figs. 43–50. Female genitalia of Cosmopterigidae: 43, Limnaecia phragmitella (redrawn after Lewis, 2016); 44, Pancalia hexachrysa (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 45, P. schwarzella (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 46, Anatrachyntis japonica; 47, Labdia antennella; 48, L. bicolorella; 49, L. citracma; 50, L. semicoccinea. < scale bars: 0.5 mm > .
Phalaena Linnaeus, 1758: 495. Pancalia Stephens, 1829: 49. Type species: Phalaena leuwenhoekella Linnaeus, 1761. TL: Europe.
Limnaecia phragmitella Stainton, 1851 (Figs. 1, 24, 43) Limnaecia phragmitella Stainton, 1851: 4. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: England. Adult (Fig. 1). Wingspan 16–20 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 24). Gnathos asymmetry, rather slender, tapering toward the apex. Anellus lobe rather long, some hair on the edge, right anellus lobe absent. Valva broadened, haired. Female genitalia (Fig. 43). Papillae anales rounded with no hair, soft. Apophyses anteriores slender, rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores long, broadened, longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae pear shaped with one signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [CN] 1♀, Daecheon, 28 vi 1985 (S.S. Han)-coll. CIS/KNU. [S] 2♂, Gildong Ecological park, Gangdong-gu, 29 v 2009 (W.H. Heo), larvae collected from Typha orientalis on 7 x 2008-gen. slide. no. 4354.; 1♀, ditto, 1 vi 2009 (W.H. Heo), larva collected from Typha orientalis on 21 x 2008-coll. KNIC/ KNA. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Europe, North America, North Africa, Australia, England. Host plants. Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia and T. orientalis (Angiosperm: Typhaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Pancalia hexachrysa (Meyrick, 1935) (Figs. 2, 25, 44) Chrysoclista hexachrysa Meyrick, 1935: 607. TL: Japan. Pancalia hexachrysa: Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 2). Wingspan 12–14 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 25). Gnathos divided into left arm and right arm, tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobes rather short, rounded toward the apex. Valva broadened, rounded toward the apex. Aedeagus hookshaped, broadened basally. Female genitalia (Fig. 44). Papillae anales soft, rather rounded with some hair. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores. Ductus burase spiral. Corpus bursae oval with no signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Yangyang, 4 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [JN] 1♂, Is. Wando, 31 v 2015 (B.S. Park, S.M. Na & D.J. Lee)-coll. INU. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plant. Unknown. Pancalia isshikii Matsamura, 1931 (Figs. 3, 26) Pancalia isshikii Matsamura, 1931: 1094. Park, 1983: 478; Sinev and
Genus Pancalia Stephens, 1829 1037
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Park, 1994: 194. TL: Japan. Pancalia isshikii amurella: Park, 1994: 12. Adult (Fig. 3). Wingspan 13–14 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 26). Uncus divided into left arm and right arm, tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobes rather small and short. Valva broadened, rounded toward the apex. Aedeagus hooked shaped. 8th sternite well developed. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Mt. Kyebang, 26 v 1996 (Bae, Paek & Lee)-coll. INU. < North Korea > [GW] 1♂, Mt. Kumgang, 25 vii 1982 (L. Forro & L. Ronkay)-coll. HNHM; [PN] 1♂, Mt. Daesung, 7 v 1985 (A. Vojnits & L. Zombori)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plant. Unknown. Remark. This species has been recorded as Pancalia isshikii amurella Gaedike by Park (1994).
Anatrachyntis japonica Kuroko et al., 1982 (Figs. 5, 46) Anatrachyntis japonica Kuroko et al., 1982: 271. Park (1983): 478; Park (1994): 12; Sinev and Park (1994): 194. TL: Japan. Adult (Fig. 5). Wingspan 9–11.5 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 46). Papillae anales soft, rounded with some hair. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores long, longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae pear shaped, wrinkled with one signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Chuncheon, 10 vi 1986 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 10 ix 1974 (Y.I. Lee)coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂ Suwon, 16 ix 1976 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [JB] 1♂, Namwon, 5 vi 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU5275- coll. SEL/HNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Host plant. Unknown.
Pancalia schwarzella (Fabricius, 1798) (Figs. 4, 27, 45) Tinea schwarzella Fabricius, 1798: 493. TL: Germany. Pancalia latreilella Curtis, 1830: 304. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 4). Wingspan 11–16 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 27). Gnathos divided into left arm and right arm, tapered toward the apex, slender and long. Anellus lobes short, rounded apex. Valva rather short, rounded toward the apex. Saccus rather broadened and rounded. Aedeagus hook-shaped, tapered toward the edge. Female genitalia (Fig. 45). Papillae anales rather rounded with some hair, soft. Apophyses anteriores and apophyses posteriores nearly same in length. Corpus bursae oval shaped with two signa. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 30 vi 1983 (S.B. An)-coll. NAS. [CN] 1♂, Sejong, 14 v 2014 (B.K. Byun)-coll. SEL/ HNU. < North Korea > [HN] 1♀, Mt. Baekdu, 3 vi 1985 (A. Vojnits & L. Zombori)-coll. HNHM; 1♂, Mt. Baekdu, 9 vi 1985 (A. Vojnits & L. Zombori)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Russia. Host plants. Viola canina and V. hirta (Angiosperm: Violaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Genus Cosmopterix Hübner, 1825 Tinea Linnaeus, 1758: 534. Cosmopterix Hübner, 1825: 424. Type species: Tinea zieglerella Hübner, 1810. TL: Europe. =Cosmopteryx Zeller, 1839: 210. =Lienigia Spuler, 1910: 389. Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 6, 28) Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, 1985: 80. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 6). Wingspan 7–11 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 28). Gnathos rather slender, three- dimensional, rounded toward the apex. Anellus lobe rather long. Valva broadened, ventral margin rounded. Aedeagus rather large, guttiform. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [DG] 1♂, Mt. Palgong, 3 vii 2014 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5263-coll. SEL/HNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia. Host plant. Unknown. Cosmopterix attenuatella (Walker, 1864) Gelechia attenuatella Walker, 1864: 1019. TL: Jamaica. Cosmopteryx flavofasciata Wollaston, 1879: 438. Cosmopteryx minetis Meyrick, 1897: 339. Cosmopteryx venefica Meyrick, 1915a: 205. Cosmopteryx antichorda Meyrick, 1909: 357. Cosmopteryx apiculata Meyrick, 1922b:568. Cosmopteryx melanarches Meyrick, 1929: 497. Cosmopteryx antillia Forbes, 1931: 356. Cosmopterix attenuatella: Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < North Korea > [HB] 1♂, Kaesong, 29 vii 1982 (Forro & Ronkay)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (North), Japan, China, Russia, Taiwan, Europe, America, Africa, Oceania. Host plants. Cyperus spp. and Scirpus sp. (Angiosperm: Cyperaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997). Remark. This species has not been found to date, since it was reported with North Korean material by Sinev and Park (1994).
Subfamily Cosmopteriginae Heinemann and Wocke, 1876 Diplosaridae Meyrick, 1915c: 339. Type genus: Diplosara Meyrick, 1883: 35. Type species: Scardia lignivora Butler, 1879: 273. TL: Hawaii, USA. The Cosmopteriginae is one of the largest subfamilies in the family Cosmopterigidae, comprising about 88 genera of 1337 species in the world (Sinev, 2002). This subfamily is characterized by a slender lanceolate forewing, hindwing very slender, the forewing and hindwing tapered toward the apex, and the male genitalia three-dimensional without uncus. The subfamily Cosmopteriginae is distinguished from the other subfamilies of Cosmopterigidae by width of forewing and hindwing. They are very slender and sharped edge. In this study, twenty-four species belongs to five genera were investigated with one unrecorded genus, Pyroderces, including one unrecorded species, P. sarcogpysa (Meyrick). Three unrecorded species, Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, C. setariella Sinev, Labdia citracma (Meyrick), were also added. Genus Anatrachyntis Meyrick, 1915c Gracilaria Haworth, 1828: 527. Anatrachyntis Meyrick, 1915c: 325. Type species: Gracilaria falcatella Stainton, 1859. TL: India. = Sathrobrota Hodges, 1962: 10. = Amneris Riedl, 1993: 113. = Euamneris Riedl, 1996: 299.
Cosmopterix bichromella Sinev et Park, 1994 (Figs. 7, 29) Cosmopterix bichromella Sinev et Park, 1994: 194. TL: S. Korea. Adult (Fig. 7). Wingspan 10–11 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 29). Gnathos broadened half of apex, gradually tapered apically. Anellus lobe short as long as 1/2 of valva. Valva broadened, ventral margin curved up apically. Aedeagus guttiform. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JN] 1♂, Mt. Dondaebong, 20 1038
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Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Yangyang, 4 vi 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Chuncheon, 21 vi 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Russia. Host plant. Unknown. Remark. This species has not been found, since it was reported by Sinev and Park (1994).
vii 2011 (S.Y. Park & J.S. Lim), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5264-coll. KNIC/KNA; 1♂, Wando, 31 v 2015 (B.S. Park, S.M. Na & D.J. Lee)-coll. INU. [JJ] 1♂, Mt. Hanra, 24 v 1987 (K.T. Park)-genitalia slide no. Sinev-0127-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South). Host plant. Unknown. Cosmopterix fulminella Stringer, 1930 (Figs. 8, 30) Cosmotperyx fulminella Stringer, 1930: 415. TL: Japan. Cosmotperix fulminella: Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev, 1997: 194. Adult (Fig. 8). Wingspan 8.5 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 30). Gnathos straight, broadened at 2/3 of gnathos. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe as long as 4/5 of valva. Valva rounded, ventral margin rather curved up. Aedeagus rather slender, tapered apically. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Mt. Myeongweong, 20 vii 1999 (Baek, Lee & Oh), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5265-coll. INU; 1♂, Gwangleung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China. Host plants. Arundinella pygmaea, A. sp. and Sasa sp. (Angiosperm: Poaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997).
Cosmopterix lienigiella Zeller, 1846 (Figs. 11, 33) Cosmopterix lienigiella Zeller, 1846: 298. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12, Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Livonia. Adult (Fig. 11). Wingspan 8–9 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Gnathos straight, branched at 1/2 of gnathos, tapered toward the edge. Anellus lobe curved perpendicular at 1/ 2 of anellus lobe, rather long. Valva rounded, costal margin elongated. Aedeagus large, guttiform shaped. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Incheon, 12 viii 2014 (Bae et al.), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5240-coll. INU; 1♀, Suwon, 26 vii 1974 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Gwanglelung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia, England, Switzerland, Finland, Denmark, Spain, France, Austria, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Bulgaria. Host plants. Phragmites communis, P. longivalvis, and P. australis (Angiosperm: Gramineae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997).
Cosmopterix gracilis Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 9, 31) Cosmopterix gracilis Sinev, 1985: 73. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 9). Wingspan 9.5–10 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 31). Gnathos lanceolate, straight, curved at 2/3 of gnathos. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe rather long, broadened toward the apex. Valva rounded, ventral margin elongated. Aedeagus large, cylindricality, oval at the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♀, Mt. Chiak, 13 vii 1977 (H. Kuroko)-genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5274-coll. NAS; 1♂, Suwon, 15 v 1976 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GW] 1♂, Mt. Cheongkae, 25 vii 1996 (Bae, Paek, Lee & An)-genitalia slide no. SEL/ HNU-5266-coll. INU; 2♂1♀, Chuncheon, 12 v 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Russia. Host plants. Arundinella hirta and A. sp. (Angiosperm: Poaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997). Remarks. This species is very similar with Cosmopterix bichromella. It can distinguish by blackish dot on the upper and lower anterior spot and the forewings are more lighter than C. bichromella.
Cosmopterix rhynchognathosella Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 12, 34). Cosmotperix rhynchognathosella Sinev, 1985: 86. Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 12). Wingspan 6–9 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 34). Gnathos divided into two branch, rather slander, gradually tapered apically. Anellus lobe short as long as 1/2 of valva, curved down at middle, gradually tapered toward apex. Valva broadened, rather elongate, ventral margin of valva curved up. Aedeagus broadened like tube shape, opened moderate. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GB] 1♂, Mt. Munsu, 2 vii 2012 (B.K. Byun)-coll. SEL/HNU. [CN] 3♂, Sejong, 6 vi 2013 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5269-coll. SEL/NHU. < North Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Kumgang, 6v iii 1975 (Papp & Vojnits)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Vietnam, Russia. Host plant. Unknown.
Cosmopterix infundibulella Sinev, 1988 (Figs. 10, 32) Cosmopterix infundibulella Sinev, 1988: 705. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 10). Wingspan 10 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Gnathos hook shaped. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe slender, curved. Valva rounded, broadened, ventral margin rather curved up. Aedeagus cylinder shaped, rather large. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Gwangleung, 31 v 1986 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂2♀, Gwangleung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GB] 1♂, Mt. Cheonchuk, 28 vi 2014 (Y.D. Ju, S.M. Na, D.J. Lee, Y.G. Lee), genitaila slide no. SEL/HNU-5267-coll. INU. Distribution. Korea (South), Russia. Host plant. Unknown.
Cosmopterix schmidiella Frey, 1856 Cosmopterix schmidiella Frey, 1856: 257. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 23, Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Switzerland. Adult. Wingspan 9–10 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. Not available. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Russia, South Iran, Denmark, Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, India. Host plants. Vicia sepium, V. pisiformis, V. unijuga, V. amoena, Lathyrus vernus, L. niger, L. macrorrhisus, L. davidii, Orobus niger, O. vernus and O. tuberosus (Angiosperm: Fabaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997). Remark. This species has not been found, since it was reported by Sinev and Park (1994).
Cosmopterix kurokoi Sinev, 1985 Cosmopterix kurokoi Sinev, 1985: 90. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult. Not available.
Cosmopterix setariella Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 13, 35) Cosmopterix setariella Sinev, 1985: 88. TL: Russia. Adult. (Fig. 13) Wingspan 7 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 35). Gnathos straight, rather slim, broadened 1039
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CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Host plant. Unknown.
and slight curved at 2/3 of gnathos. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe broadened at the middle, tapered toward the edge. Valva rounded, broadened at the middle, curved up toward the apex. Aedeagus large, bottle shaped. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JN] 1♂, Sinan, 29 viii 2011 (S.Y. Park & J.S. Lim), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5270-coll. KNIC/ KNA. Distribution. Korea (South), Russia. Host plant. Setaria viridis (Angiosperm: Gramineae) (Sinev, 1997).
Labdia bicolorella (Snellen, 1901) (Figs. 17, 48) Pyroderces bicolorella Snellen, 1901: 94. TL: Java. Labdia bicolorella: Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 17). Wingspan 12–13 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 48). Papillae anales rounded with no hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical shaped, broadened at basal part. Apophyses anteriores rather short. Apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae oval with no signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Jeombong, 5 viii 1997 (Y.S. Bae & N.H. Ahn), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5258-coll. INU; 1♀, Sogumgang 9 viii 1988 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 29 vii 1981 (Y.Y. Ha)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Mt. Chonggyae, 19 vii 1976 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Gwangleung, 4 viii 1988 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Indonesia (Java). Host plant. Unknown.
Cosmopterix victor Stringer, 1930 (Figs. 14, 36) Cosmopterix victor Stringer, 1930: 416. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev, 1997: 194. TL: Japan. Adult (Fig. 14). Wingspan 13 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 35). Gnathos oval, large. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe slender, tapered toward the apex. Valva rather small, curved at the ventral margin, elongated at the costal margin. Aedeagus large, broadened like tube shape, opened moderate. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Mt. Soyo, 17 v 1997 (Y.S. Bae), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5271-coll. INU. < North Korea > [GW] 1?, Mt. Kumgang, 20 vii 1982 (L. Forro & G. Topal)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plants. Sasa purpurascens, S. japonica, Arundinaria pygmaea and Phyllostachys bambusoides (Angiosperm: Gramineae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Labdia citracma (Meyrick, 1915b) (Figs. 18, 49) Pyroderces citracma Meyrick, 1915: 310. TL: India. Adult (Fig. 18). Wingspan 11–12 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 49). Papillae anales rounded with no hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical tube shaped, broadened at basal part. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores as longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae elongated, oval, with no signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Samdong, 14 viii 2014 (Y.D. Ju & D.J. Lee), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5259-coll. INU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, India, Taiwan, Congo. Host plant. Theobroma cacao (Angiosperm: Sterculiaceae) (Ghesquière, 1940a).
Cosmopterix zieglerella Hübner, 1810 (Figs. 15, 37) Cosmopterix zieglerella Hübner, 1810: 306. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Europe. Gracillaria eximia Haworth, 1828: 532. Adult (Fig. 15). Wingspan 7 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 37). Gnathos spiral, tapered toward the apex. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe rather short, broadened. Valva rounded, ventral margin rather curved up. Aedeagus large, shaped guttiform. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Mt. Jobong, 19 vi 2009 (S.Y. Park, J.S. Lim & K.M. Kim), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU5272-coll. KNIC/KNA. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia, South Iran, Georgia, Southern Sweden, Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, Austria, Italy, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine. Host plants. Humulus lupulus, H. sp., H. japonicus and Boehmeria nipononivea (Angiosperm: Cannabaceae, Urticaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997).
Labdia issikii Kuroko et al., 1982 (Figs. 19, 38) Labdia issikii Kuroko et al., 1982: 270. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Japan. Adult (Fig. 19). Wingspan 11–12 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Uncus rather short, tapered toward the apex, two branches. Tegumen broadened and rectangle shaped. Valva rather slender, narrow at basal part, some short hair, rounded toward the edge. Aedeagus short, tapered toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Hongcheon, 3 vi 2014 (Bae et al.), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5260-coll. INU; 1♀, Mt. Chiak, 23 vi 1977 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Yangyang, 27 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GG] 1♀, Chuncheon, 20 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 1 vii 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU-coll. CIS/KNU. < North Korea > [PB] 1?, Mt. Myohyang, 2 vii 1982 (L. Forro & G. Topal)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plant. Unknown.
Genus Labdia Hübner, 1825 Labdia Walker, 1864: 823. Type species: Labdia deliciosella Walker, 1864. TL: Australia. Labdia antennella Sinev et Park, 1994 (Figs. 16, 47) Labdia antennella Sinev et Park, 1994: 194. TL: South Korea. Adult (Fig. 16). Wingspan 9 mm. Male genitalia. Right arm of gnathos tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobe slender, rounded at the edge. Valva long, short and slim at basal part, rounded at the apex, rather curved, long hair distal part. Aedeagus cylindrical and slim. Female genitalia (Fig. 46). Papillae anales rounded with some hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical shaped. Corpus bursae rounded tube shape, very long and curved. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Myeongdang, 25 vii 2013 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5261-coll. SEL/ HNU. [GG] 1♂, Chuncheon, 20 vii 1987 (K.T. Park et U. Park)-coll.
Labdia niphosticta (Meyrick, 1936) (Figs. 20, 39) Stagmatophora niphosticta Meyrick, 1936: 30. Park, 1983. TL: Japan. Labdia niphosticta: Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 20). Wingspan 7–8 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Gnathos rather short, slender, hooker at the apex. Tegumen broadened, tapered toward the apical. Valva slender at the basal part, rather curved, rounded toward the apex, with short hair. Aedeagus slim, rather long, tapered toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. 1040
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the apex, short hair. Aedeagus lanceolate, length as long as valva, tapered toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂1♀, Chuncheon, 26 vi 1984 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 29 v 1984 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 13 vii 1984 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/ KNU. [CB] 1♂, Mt. Songni, 18 vi 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5273-coll. SEL/HNU. [JN] 2♂, Mt. Jinsan, 23 vii 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. < North Korea > [PB] 1♂, Mt. Myohyang, 17 vii 1982 (L. Forro & L. Ronkay)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Vietnam, Russia. Host plant. Quercus dentata (Angiosperm: Fagaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 23 vii 1974 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Suwon, 23 viii 1974 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 2♀, Gwangleung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 13 vii 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 3♂4♀, Yangyang, 10 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂2♀, Sogumgang, 7 vii 1988 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [CB] 1♂, Umseong, 16 vii 2013 (Lim, Lim, Oh & Go), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5257-coll. KNIC/KNA. [GN] 3♀, Namhae, 25 vii 1985 (K.T. Park). Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Host plant. Unknown. Labdia semicoccinea (Stainton, 1859) (Figs. 21, 50) Cosmopteryx semicoccinea Stainton, 1859: 123. TL: India. Labdia semicoccinea: Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 21). Wingspan 11–12 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 50). Papillae anales with some hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical tube shaped, rather slender. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 2/3 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores as longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae elongated, oval with one signum, wrinkled. Material examined. < South Korea > [CN] 1♀, Gongju, 11 vii 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5256-coll. SEL/HNU. [JN] 1♂, Mt. Jiri, 14 vii 1976 (Y.Y. Ha)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Taiwan, India, Java, Caucasus. Host plant. Unknown. Remark. Larva probably feeds on vegetable refuse (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Subfamily Scaeosophinae Meyrick, 1922a Scaeosophides Meyrick, 1922a: 48. Type genus: Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1922a: 48. Type species: Scaeosopha percnaula Meyrick, 1914b: 254. TL: India. The subfamily Scaeosophinae is small group in the family Cosmopterigidae, comprising about 12 genera of 39 species in the world (Sinev, 2002). This subfamily is characterized by a broadened lanceolate forewing and hindwing, and the male genitalia being threedimensional without uncus. The subfamily Scaeosophinae is distinguished from the other subfamilies of Cosmopterigidae by width of forewing and hindwing. They are broadened and rather rounded toward the apex. The other subfamilies have slender and narrowed toward the apex. In Korea, only one genus of one species has been recorded (Ponomarenko and Park, 1997). Genus Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1914a Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1914a: 48. Type species: Scaeosopha percnaula Meyrick, 1914. TL: India. =Scaeothyris Diakonoff, 1967: 163.
Genus Pyroderces Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 Pyroderces Herrich-Schäffer, 1853: 12. Type species: Pyroderces goldeggiella Herrich-Schäffer, 1853. TL: Italy. (= Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller, 1847)). = Syntomactis Meyrick, 1889: 165. = Lallia Chrétien, 1915: 351. = Tenuipenna Amsel, 1959: 68. = Lacciferophaga Zagulajev and Liao, 1959: 310.
Scaeosopha sinevi Ponomarenko and Park, 1997 (Fig. 42) Scaeosopha sinevi Ponomarenko and Park, 1997: 287. TL: S. Korea. Adult. Wingspan 17–19 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 42). Gnathos symmetry, slender, branched at the 2/3 of gnathos, tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobe rather long, slender, rounded toward the apex. Valva broadened with short hair. Aedeagus curved at the 1/2 of aedeagus, rounded toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JJ] 2♂, Mt. Halla, 5 vii 1986 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), China. Host plant. Unknown.
Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick, 1932) (Figs. 22, 40) Labdia sarcogypsa Meyrick, 1932: 213. TL: Japan. Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick): Kuroko et al., 1982: 271. Adult (Fig. 22). Wingspan 10 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 40). Left gnathos rather short, slender, rather curved. Right gnathos longer than left gnathos, slender, curved. Tegumen broadened, rectangular shaped. Valva slender with rather long hair. Aedeagus short, broadened at 1/2 part of aedeagus, rounded toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JJ] 1♂, Is. Chuja, 15 vii 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5262-coll. SEL/HNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia. Host plant. Unknown.
Acknowledgements We thank to Mrs. S.Y. Park, the Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea, Dr. G.S. Lee, the National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, Korea, and Prof. Y.S. Bae, the Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea, for their loan of material for this study. Our deep thanks also due to Mrs. U.H. Heo, Suncheon, Korea, for her providing us the valuable material for our study. We would like to express our heartful thanks to Dr. S.Y. Sinev, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, for his kind advice and valuable literatures on the family Cosmopterigidae. This work was supported by the “R&D Program for Forestry Technology (Project No. S111616L030110)” provided by the Korea Forest Service and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (grant number: 2016R1D1A2B03934633).
Genus Ressia Sinev, 1988 Ressia Sinev, 1988: 113. Type species: Ressia quercidentella Sinev, 1988. TL: Vietnam. Ressia quercidentella Sinev, 1988 (Figs. 23, 41) Ressia quercidentella Sinev, 1988: 98. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Vietnam. Adult (Fig. 23). Wingspan 9.5–10.5 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 41). Gnathos rather long, slender, curved at the apex. Tegumen tapered toward the apical. Valva shaped musical note, slender at the basal part, broadened at the apex, rather rounded toward 1041
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Taxonomic revision of the family Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera) in Korea Hyun-Kyung Yoon, Bong-Kyu Byun
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T
Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-Daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Cosmopterigidae Gelechioidea Lepidoptera New record Korea
This study was conducted to review the family Cosmopterigidae in Korea with taxonomic arrangement. In this study, a total of 27 species of 8 genera within 3 subfamilies were recognized from Korea. Among them, four species, Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick, 1932), Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, 1985, C. setariella Sinev, 1985 and Labdia citracma (Meyrick, 1915) are reported for the first time from Korea. All the known species were examined and briefly redescribed with illustrations of the adult and male and female genitalic structure. Also their available information, including the distributional ranges, host plants and biological data, is enumerated when available.
Introduction
so on (Koster, 2010a, 2010b). In Korea, Park (1983) listed nine species of five genera under two subfamilies for the first time. Later, Park (1994) added nine newly recorded species. Sinev and Park (1994) described two new species and reported two newly recorded species. Later, Ponomarenko and Park (1997) reported the genus Scaeosopha for the first time from Korea with description of a new species, S. sinevi Ponomarenko & Park. Consequently, 23 species of 7 genera under 3 subfamilies have been recorded from Korea to date (Byun et al., 2009). Most of them, however, have been recorded only by the previous literature or checklist without the adult and genitalic illustration, including the detail taxonomic and morphological information. In this paper, a total of 27 species of 8 genera under 3 subfamilies of the family Cosmopterigidae is recognized from Korea, including a newly recorded genus Pyroderces and four unrecorded species: Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick), Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, C. setariella Sinev and Labdia citracma (Meyrick). All the known species were classified and enumerated under three subfamilies system. All available material was critically examined and illustrated of their adults and genitalic structures for the first time in Korea. Also their available information of distributional range, collecting locality and host plant are provided.
The family Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea), is known to comprise 1792 species of 135 genera worldwide (Sinev, 2002). Bradley (1972) treated it as a subfamily rank for the first time. Several investigators recently elevated this taxon as a family rank (Nielson and Common, 1991; Sinev, 1993; Park, 1994). The family can be distinguished from the other families of the superfamily Gelechioidea by the following characters: in head part, proboscis are well developed, covered with smooth scales; labial palpus is thin and curved above the head; frons is covered with numerous smooth scales, usually same with that of forewing color; antenna is filiform, as long as 1/2–3/4 of forewing. In regards to the thorax, the color is same as with that of forewing, of which white streaks are absent or present in the number of one to three. Forewing is lanceolate and fairly narrowed in most of species, but rather widened exceptionally in others. In Korea, the members of the family Cosmopterigidae had been listed under the family Stathmopodidae until Park (1983), who placed them into Cosmopterigidae. In this family, three subfamilies, Antequerinae Hodges, 1978, Cosmopteriginae Heinemann and Wocke, 1876 and Scaeosophinae Meyrick, 1922a have been known from Korea to date (Park, 1983; Park, 1994; Ponomarenko and Park, 1997; Li et al., 2012). Members of the family are small to medium sized moths (5–20 mm), with the characteristic wing shape narrowing toward the apex. Among the three subfamilies of the family, two families, Antequerinae and Cosmopteriginae, have fancy, colorful and shiny wings, whereas the other subfamily, Scaeosophinae, has grayish or blackish wings. Some of them are mainly leaf-miners and other species are typical borers of various part of the plants, including stem, seed, root, and
⁎
Materials and methods The materials examined in this study were collected at 8 localities from 2012 to 2015 in Korea. Most specimens examined in this study were collected by the light trap or bucket trap. In the light trap, a mercury vapor lamp (220 V/400 W) and a black light (20 W) were used
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (B.-K. Byun).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.06.005 Received 13 April 2017; Received in revised form 5 June 2017; Accepted 15 June 2017 Available online 16 June 2017 1226-8615/ © 2017 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Figs. 1–14. Adults of the family Cosmopterigidae: 1, Limnaecia phragmitella; 2, Pancalia hexachrysa; 3, P. isshikii; 4, P. schwarzella; 5, Anatrachyntis japonica; 6, Cosmopterix argentitegulella; 7, C. bichromella; 8, C. fulminella; 9, C. gracilis; 10, C. infundibulella; 11, C. lienigiella; 12, C. rhynchognathosella; 13, C. setariella; 14, C. victor.
tube with 100% glycerol to examine the lateral part of genitalia. The genitalia were dissected and examined with microscope (Nikon Model SMZ445, Nikon Co. Tokyo, Japan). The type locality (TL) for each species is provided.
for collecting the moths. A sweeping net was usually used during daytime collecting. The bucket trap was utilized for the overnight collections. The method of genitalia dissection was followed after Holloway et al. (1987). Some male genitalia were stored in small vial 1033
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Figs. 15–23. Adults of the family Cosmopterigidae: 15, Cosmopterix zieglerella. 16, Labdia antennella; 17, L. bicolorella; 18, L. citracma; 19, L. issikii; 20, L. niphosticta; 21, L. semicoccinea; 22, Pyroderces sarcogypsa; 23, Ressia quercidentella.
< Provinces & etc. > -S: Seoul -GG: Gyeonggi-do -GW: Gangwon-do -CB: Chungcheongbuk-do -CN: Chungcheongnam-do -JB: Jeollabuk-do -JN: Jeollanam-do -GB: Gyeongsangbuk-do -GN: Gyeongsangnam-do -JJ: Jeju-do -PN: Pyeongannam-do -PB: Pyeonganbuk-do -HN: Hamgyeongnam-do -HB: Hwanghaebuk-do
Additionally, material examined for this study is based on collections of the following institutions: Korea National Arboretum (KNA), National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS) and Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University (INU). Abbreviations of institutes/collections and provinces used herein are as follows: < Entomological collections > -SEL/HNU: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea -HNUHM: Hannam University Natural History Museum, Daejeon, Korea -KNIC/KNA: Korea National Insect Collection, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea -NAS: National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, Korea -CIS/KNU: Center for Insect Systematics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea -INU: Department of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea -HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
Taxonomic accounts Family Cosmopterigidae Heinemann and Wocke, 1876 Type genus: Cosmopterix Hübner, 1825: 424.
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Figs. 24–35. Male genitalia of Cosmopterigidae: 24, Limnaecia phragmitella; 25, Pancalia hexachrysa (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 26, P. isshikii; 27, P. schwarzella (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 28, Cosmopterix argentitegulella; 29, C. bichromella; 30, C. fulminella; 31, C. gracilis. 32, C. infundibulella; 33, C. lienigiella; 34, C. rhynchognathosella; 35, C. setariella. < scale bars: 0.5 mm > .
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Figs. 36–42. Male genitalia of Cosmopterigidae: 36, Cosmopterix victor; 37, C. zieglerella; 38, Labdia issikii; 39, L. niphosticta; 40, Pyroderces sarcogypsa; 41, Ressia quercidentella; 42, Scaeosopha sinevi (redrawn after Ponomarenko and Park, 1997). < scale bars: 0.5 mm > .
worldwide (Sinev, 2002). This subfamily is characterized by the forewing rather broadened, the forewing and hindwing tapering toward the apex, and the male genitalia showing three-dimensional with lack of uncus. The Antequerinae is distinguished from the other subfamilies of Cosmopterigidae by colorful and shiny scales on the forewing, with characterized patterns. In Korea, four species of two genera have been recorded (Park, 1983, 1994; Sinev and Park, 1994).
Key to the subfamily of the family Cosmopterigidae in Korea 1. Forewing and hindwing narrowing toward the apex, ground color of forewing fancy and colorful······································································ ··············································································· ····················································································2 - Forewing and hindwing rather rounded toward the apex, ground color of forewing dark brownish and grayish···················· ····································································································································Scaeosophinae 2. Forewing and hindwing slender, sharped apex······································· ·······························································································································Cosmopteriginae - Forewing and hindwing rather broadened, rounded apex·············· ·······································································································································Antequerinae
Genus Limnaecia Stainton, 1851 Limnaecia Stainton, 1851: 4. Type species: Limnaecia phragmitella Stainton, 1851: 4. TL: England. =Ptilochares Meyrick, 1887: 1046. =Limnoecia Meyrick, 1895: 674. =Lymnaecia Dyar, 1903: 537. =Callixestis Meyrick, 1917: 41. =Erechthiodes Meyrick, 1914a: 195. =Opszyga Lower, 1903: 230. =Thalerostoma Meyrick, 1917: 42.
Subfamily Antequerinae Hodges, 1978 Antequerinae Hodges, 1978: 16. Type genus: Antequera Clarke, 1941: 90. Type species: Semioscopis acertella Busck, 1913: 100. The subfamily Antequerinae, comprises about 190 species of 10 genera
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Figs. 43–50. Female genitalia of Cosmopterigidae: 43, Limnaecia phragmitella (redrawn after Lewis, 2016); 44, Pancalia hexachrysa (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 45, P. schwarzella (redrawn after Sinev, 1986); 46, Anatrachyntis japonica; 47, Labdia antennella; 48, L. bicolorella; 49, L. citracma; 50, L. semicoccinea. < scale bars: 0.5 mm > .
Phalaena Linnaeus, 1758: 495. Pancalia Stephens, 1829: 49. Type species: Phalaena leuwenhoekella Linnaeus, 1761. TL: Europe.
Limnaecia phragmitella Stainton, 1851 (Figs. 1, 24, 43) Limnaecia phragmitella Stainton, 1851: 4. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: England. Adult (Fig. 1). Wingspan 16–20 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 24). Gnathos asymmetry, rather slender, tapering toward the apex. Anellus lobe rather long, some hair on the edge, right anellus lobe absent. Valva broadened, haired. Female genitalia (Fig. 43). Papillae anales rounded with no hair, soft. Apophyses anteriores slender, rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores long, broadened, longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae pear shaped with one signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [CN] 1♀, Daecheon, 28 vi 1985 (S.S. Han)-coll. CIS/KNU. [S] 2♂, Gildong Ecological park, Gangdong-gu, 29 v 2009 (W.H. Heo), larvae collected from Typha orientalis on 7 x 2008-gen. slide. no. 4354.; 1♀, ditto, 1 vi 2009 (W.H. Heo), larva collected from Typha orientalis on 21 x 2008-coll. KNIC/ KNA. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Europe, North America, North Africa, Australia, England. Host plants. Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia and T. orientalis (Angiosperm: Typhaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Pancalia hexachrysa (Meyrick, 1935) (Figs. 2, 25, 44) Chrysoclista hexachrysa Meyrick, 1935: 607. TL: Japan. Pancalia hexachrysa: Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 2). Wingspan 12–14 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 25). Gnathos divided into left arm and right arm, tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobes rather short, rounded toward the apex. Valva broadened, rounded toward the apex. Aedeagus hookshaped, broadened basally. Female genitalia (Fig. 44). Papillae anales soft, rather rounded with some hair. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores. Ductus burase spiral. Corpus bursae oval with no signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Yangyang, 4 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [JN] 1♂, Is. Wando, 31 v 2015 (B.S. Park, S.M. Na & D.J. Lee)-coll. INU. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plant. Unknown. Pancalia isshikii Matsamura, 1931 (Figs. 3, 26) Pancalia isshikii Matsamura, 1931: 1094. Park, 1983: 478; Sinev and
Genus Pancalia Stephens, 1829 1037
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Park, 1994: 194. TL: Japan. Pancalia isshikii amurella: Park, 1994: 12. Adult (Fig. 3). Wingspan 13–14 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 26). Uncus divided into left arm and right arm, tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobes rather small and short. Valva broadened, rounded toward the apex. Aedeagus hooked shaped. 8th sternite well developed. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Mt. Kyebang, 26 v 1996 (Bae, Paek & Lee)-coll. INU. < North Korea > [GW] 1♂, Mt. Kumgang, 25 vii 1982 (L. Forro & L. Ronkay)-coll. HNHM; [PN] 1♂, Mt. Daesung, 7 v 1985 (A. Vojnits & L. Zombori)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plant. Unknown. Remark. This species has been recorded as Pancalia isshikii amurella Gaedike by Park (1994).
Anatrachyntis japonica Kuroko et al., 1982 (Figs. 5, 46) Anatrachyntis japonica Kuroko et al., 1982: 271. Park (1983): 478; Park (1994): 12; Sinev and Park (1994): 194. TL: Japan. Adult (Fig. 5). Wingspan 9–11.5 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 46). Papillae anales soft, rounded with some hair. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores long, longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae pear shaped, wrinkled with one signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Chuncheon, 10 vi 1986 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 10 ix 1974 (Y.I. Lee)coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂ Suwon, 16 ix 1976 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [JB] 1♂, Namwon, 5 vi 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU5275- coll. SEL/HNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Host plant. Unknown.
Pancalia schwarzella (Fabricius, 1798) (Figs. 4, 27, 45) Tinea schwarzella Fabricius, 1798: 493. TL: Germany. Pancalia latreilella Curtis, 1830: 304. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 4). Wingspan 11–16 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 27). Gnathos divided into left arm and right arm, tapered toward the apex, slender and long. Anellus lobes short, rounded apex. Valva rather short, rounded toward the apex. Saccus rather broadened and rounded. Aedeagus hook-shaped, tapered toward the edge. Female genitalia (Fig. 45). Papillae anales rather rounded with some hair, soft. Apophyses anteriores and apophyses posteriores nearly same in length. Corpus bursae oval shaped with two signa. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 30 vi 1983 (S.B. An)-coll. NAS. [CN] 1♂, Sejong, 14 v 2014 (B.K. Byun)-coll. SEL/ HNU. < North Korea > [HN] 1♀, Mt. Baekdu, 3 vi 1985 (A. Vojnits & L. Zombori)-coll. HNHM; 1♂, Mt. Baekdu, 9 vi 1985 (A. Vojnits & L. Zombori)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Russia. Host plants. Viola canina and V. hirta (Angiosperm: Violaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Genus Cosmopterix Hübner, 1825 Tinea Linnaeus, 1758: 534. Cosmopterix Hübner, 1825: 424. Type species: Tinea zieglerella Hübner, 1810. TL: Europe. =Cosmopteryx Zeller, 1839: 210. =Lienigia Spuler, 1910: 389. Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 6, 28) Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, 1985: 80. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 6). Wingspan 7–11 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 28). Gnathos rather slender, three- dimensional, rounded toward the apex. Anellus lobe rather long. Valva broadened, ventral margin rounded. Aedeagus rather large, guttiform. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [DG] 1♂, Mt. Palgong, 3 vii 2014 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5263-coll. SEL/HNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia. Host plant. Unknown. Cosmopterix attenuatella (Walker, 1864) Gelechia attenuatella Walker, 1864: 1019. TL: Jamaica. Cosmopteryx flavofasciata Wollaston, 1879: 438. Cosmopteryx minetis Meyrick, 1897: 339. Cosmopteryx venefica Meyrick, 1915a: 205. Cosmopteryx antichorda Meyrick, 1909: 357. Cosmopteryx apiculata Meyrick, 1922b:568. Cosmopteryx melanarches Meyrick, 1929: 497. Cosmopteryx antillia Forbes, 1931: 356. Cosmopterix attenuatella: Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult. Wingspan 8–10 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < North Korea > [HB] 1♂, Kaesong, 29 vii 1982 (Forro & Ronkay)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (North), Japan, China, Russia, Taiwan, Europe, America, Africa, Oceania. Host plants. Cyperus spp. and Scirpus sp. (Angiosperm: Cyperaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997). Remark. This species has not been found to date, since it was reported with North Korean material by Sinev and Park (1994).
Subfamily Cosmopteriginae Heinemann and Wocke, 1876 Diplosaridae Meyrick, 1915c: 339. Type genus: Diplosara Meyrick, 1883: 35. Type species: Scardia lignivora Butler, 1879: 273. TL: Hawaii, USA. The Cosmopteriginae is one of the largest subfamilies in the family Cosmopterigidae, comprising about 88 genera of 1337 species in the world (Sinev, 2002). This subfamily is characterized by a slender lanceolate forewing, hindwing very slender, the forewing and hindwing tapered toward the apex, and the male genitalia three-dimensional without uncus. The subfamily Cosmopteriginae is distinguished from the other subfamilies of Cosmopterigidae by width of forewing and hindwing. They are very slender and sharped edge. In this study, twenty-four species belongs to five genera were investigated with one unrecorded genus, Pyroderces, including one unrecorded species, P. sarcogpysa (Meyrick). Three unrecorded species, Cosmopterix argentitegulella Sinev, C. setariella Sinev, Labdia citracma (Meyrick), were also added. Genus Anatrachyntis Meyrick, 1915c Gracilaria Haworth, 1828: 527. Anatrachyntis Meyrick, 1915c: 325. Type species: Gracilaria falcatella Stainton, 1859. TL: India. = Sathrobrota Hodges, 1962: 10. = Amneris Riedl, 1993: 113. = Euamneris Riedl, 1996: 299.
Cosmopterix bichromella Sinev et Park, 1994 (Figs. 7, 29) Cosmopterix bichromella Sinev et Park, 1994: 194. TL: S. Korea. Adult (Fig. 7). Wingspan 10–11 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 29). Gnathos broadened half of apex, gradually tapered apically. Anellus lobe short as long as 1/2 of valva. Valva broadened, ventral margin curved up apically. Aedeagus guttiform. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JN] 1♂, Mt. Dondaebong, 20 1038
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Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Yangyang, 4 vi 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Chuncheon, 21 vi 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Russia. Host plant. Unknown. Remark. This species has not been found, since it was reported by Sinev and Park (1994).
vii 2011 (S.Y. Park & J.S. Lim), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5264-coll. KNIC/KNA; 1♂, Wando, 31 v 2015 (B.S. Park, S.M. Na & D.J. Lee)-coll. INU. [JJ] 1♂, Mt. Hanra, 24 v 1987 (K.T. Park)-genitalia slide no. Sinev-0127-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South). Host plant. Unknown. Cosmopterix fulminella Stringer, 1930 (Figs. 8, 30) Cosmotperyx fulminella Stringer, 1930: 415. TL: Japan. Cosmotperix fulminella: Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev, 1997: 194. Adult (Fig. 8). Wingspan 8.5 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 30). Gnathos straight, broadened at 2/3 of gnathos. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe as long as 4/5 of valva. Valva rounded, ventral margin rather curved up. Aedeagus rather slender, tapered apically. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Mt. Myeongweong, 20 vii 1999 (Baek, Lee & Oh), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5265-coll. INU; 1♂, Gwangleung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China. Host plants. Arundinella pygmaea, A. sp. and Sasa sp. (Angiosperm: Poaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997).
Cosmopterix lienigiella Zeller, 1846 (Figs. 11, 33) Cosmopterix lienigiella Zeller, 1846: 298. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12, Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Livonia. Adult (Fig. 11). Wingspan 8–9 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Gnathos straight, branched at 1/2 of gnathos, tapered toward the edge. Anellus lobe curved perpendicular at 1/ 2 of anellus lobe, rather long. Valva rounded, costal margin elongated. Aedeagus large, guttiform shaped. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Incheon, 12 viii 2014 (Bae et al.), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5240-coll. INU; 1♀, Suwon, 26 vii 1974 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Gwanglelung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia, England, Switzerland, Finland, Denmark, Spain, France, Austria, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Bulgaria. Host plants. Phragmites communis, P. longivalvis, and P. australis (Angiosperm: Gramineae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997).
Cosmopterix gracilis Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 9, 31) Cosmopterix gracilis Sinev, 1985: 73. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 9). Wingspan 9.5–10 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 31). Gnathos lanceolate, straight, curved at 2/3 of gnathos. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe rather long, broadened toward the apex. Valva rounded, ventral margin elongated. Aedeagus large, cylindricality, oval at the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♀, Mt. Chiak, 13 vii 1977 (H. Kuroko)-genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5274-coll. NAS; 1♂, Suwon, 15 v 1976 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GW] 1♂, Mt. Cheongkae, 25 vii 1996 (Bae, Paek, Lee & An)-genitalia slide no. SEL/ HNU-5266-coll. INU; 2♂1♀, Chuncheon, 12 v 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Russia. Host plants. Arundinella hirta and A. sp. (Angiosperm: Poaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997). Remarks. This species is very similar with Cosmopterix bichromella. It can distinguish by blackish dot on the upper and lower anterior spot and the forewings are more lighter than C. bichromella.
Cosmopterix rhynchognathosella Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 12, 34). Cosmotperix rhynchognathosella Sinev, 1985: 86. Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 12). Wingspan 6–9 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 34). Gnathos divided into two branch, rather slander, gradually tapered apically. Anellus lobe short as long as 1/2 of valva, curved down at middle, gradually tapered toward apex. Valva broadened, rather elongate, ventral margin of valva curved up. Aedeagus broadened like tube shape, opened moderate. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GB] 1♂, Mt. Munsu, 2 vii 2012 (B.K. Byun)-coll. SEL/HNU. [CN] 3♂, Sejong, 6 vi 2013 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5269-coll. SEL/NHU. < North Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Kumgang, 6v iii 1975 (Papp & Vojnits)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Vietnam, Russia. Host plant. Unknown.
Cosmopterix infundibulella Sinev, 1988 (Figs. 10, 32) Cosmopterix infundibulella Sinev, 1988: 705. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult (Fig. 10). Wingspan 10 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Gnathos hook shaped. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe slender, curved. Valva rounded, broadened, ventral margin rather curved up. Aedeagus cylinder shaped, rather large. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Gwangleung, 31 v 1986 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂2♀, Gwangleung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GB] 1♂, Mt. Cheonchuk, 28 vi 2014 (Y.D. Ju, S.M. Na, D.J. Lee, Y.G. Lee), genitaila slide no. SEL/HNU-5267-coll. INU. Distribution. Korea (South), Russia. Host plant. Unknown.
Cosmopterix schmidiella Frey, 1856 Cosmopterix schmidiella Frey, 1856: 257. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 23, Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Switzerland. Adult. Wingspan 9–10 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. Not available. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Russia, South Iran, Denmark, Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, India. Host plants. Vicia sepium, V. pisiformis, V. unijuga, V. amoena, Lathyrus vernus, L. niger, L. macrorrhisus, L. davidii, Orobus niger, O. vernus and O. tuberosus (Angiosperm: Fabaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997). Remark. This species has not been found, since it was reported by Sinev and Park (1994).
Cosmopterix kurokoi Sinev, 1985 Cosmopterix kurokoi Sinev, 1985: 90. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Russia. Adult. Not available.
Cosmopterix setariella Sinev, 1985 (Figs. 13, 35) Cosmopterix setariella Sinev, 1985: 88. TL: Russia. Adult. (Fig. 13) Wingspan 7 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 35). Gnathos straight, rather slim, broadened 1039
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CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Host plant. Unknown.
and slight curved at 2/3 of gnathos. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe broadened at the middle, tapered toward the edge. Valva rounded, broadened at the middle, curved up toward the apex. Aedeagus large, bottle shaped. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JN] 1♂, Sinan, 29 viii 2011 (S.Y. Park & J.S. Lim), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5270-coll. KNIC/ KNA. Distribution. Korea (South), Russia. Host plant. Setaria viridis (Angiosperm: Gramineae) (Sinev, 1997).
Labdia bicolorella (Snellen, 1901) (Figs. 17, 48) Pyroderces bicolorella Snellen, 1901: 94. TL: Java. Labdia bicolorella: Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 17). Wingspan 12–13 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 48). Papillae anales rounded with no hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical shaped, broadened at basal part. Apophyses anteriores rather short. Apophyses posteriores longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae oval with no signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Jeombong, 5 viii 1997 (Y.S. Bae & N.H. Ahn), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5258-coll. INU; 1♀, Sogumgang 9 viii 1988 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 29 vii 1981 (Y.Y. Ha)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Mt. Chonggyae, 19 vii 1976 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Gwangleung, 4 viii 1988 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, Indonesia (Java). Host plant. Unknown.
Cosmopterix victor Stringer, 1930 (Figs. 14, 36) Cosmopterix victor Stringer, 1930: 416. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev, 1997: 194. TL: Japan. Adult (Fig. 14). Wingspan 13 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 35). Gnathos oval, large. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe slender, tapered toward the apex. Valva rather small, curved at the ventral margin, elongated at the costal margin. Aedeagus large, broadened like tube shape, opened moderate. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Mt. Soyo, 17 v 1997 (Y.S. Bae), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5271-coll. INU. < North Korea > [GW] 1?, Mt. Kumgang, 20 vii 1982 (L. Forro & G. Topal)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plants. Sasa purpurascens, S. japonica, Arundinaria pygmaea and Phyllostachys bambusoides (Angiosperm: Gramineae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Labdia citracma (Meyrick, 1915b) (Figs. 18, 49) Pyroderces citracma Meyrick, 1915: 310. TL: India. Adult (Fig. 18). Wingspan 11–12 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 49). Papillae anales rounded with no hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical tube shaped, broadened at basal part. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 1/2 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores as longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae elongated, oval, with no signum. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Samdong, 14 viii 2014 (Y.D. Ju & D.J. Lee), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5259-coll. INU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, India, Taiwan, Congo. Host plant. Theobroma cacao (Angiosperm: Sterculiaceae) (Ghesquière, 1940a).
Cosmopterix zieglerella Hübner, 1810 (Figs. 15, 37) Cosmopterix zieglerella Hübner, 1810: 306. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Europe. Gracillaria eximia Haworth, 1828: 532. Adult (Fig. 15). Wingspan 7 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 37). Gnathos spiral, tapered toward the apex. Tegumen oval. Anellus lobe rather short, broadened. Valva rounded, ventral margin rather curved up. Aedeagus large, shaped guttiform. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Mt. Jobong, 19 vi 2009 (S.Y. Park, J.S. Lim & K.M. Kim), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU5272-coll. KNIC/KNA. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia, South Iran, Georgia, Southern Sweden, Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, Austria, Italy, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine. Host plants. Humulus lupulus, H. sp., H. japonicus and Boehmeria nipononivea (Angiosperm: Cannabaceae, Urticaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994; Sinev, 1997).
Labdia issikii Kuroko et al., 1982 (Figs. 19, 38) Labdia issikii Kuroko et al., 1982: 270. Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Japan. Adult (Fig. 19). Wingspan 11–12 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Uncus rather short, tapered toward the apex, two branches. Tegumen broadened and rectangle shaped. Valva rather slender, narrow at basal part, some short hair, rounded toward the edge. Aedeagus short, tapered toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂, Hongcheon, 3 vi 2014 (Bae et al.), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5260-coll. INU; 1♀, Mt. Chiak, 23 vi 1977 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂, Yangyang, 27 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [GG] 1♀, Chuncheon, 20 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 1 vii 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU-coll. CIS/KNU. < North Korea > [PB] 1?, Mt. Myohyang, 2 vii 1982 (L. Forro & G. Topal)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Host plant. Unknown.
Genus Labdia Hübner, 1825 Labdia Walker, 1864: 823. Type species: Labdia deliciosella Walker, 1864. TL: Australia. Labdia antennella Sinev et Park, 1994 (Figs. 16, 47) Labdia antennella Sinev et Park, 1994: 194. TL: South Korea. Adult (Fig. 16). Wingspan 9 mm. Male genitalia. Right arm of gnathos tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobe slender, rounded at the edge. Valva long, short and slim at basal part, rounded at the apex, rather curved, long hair distal part. Aedeagus cylindrical and slim. Female genitalia (Fig. 46). Papillae anales rounded with some hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical shaped. Corpus bursae rounded tube shape, very long and curved. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♀, Mt. Myeongdang, 25 vii 2013 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5261-coll. SEL/ HNU. [GG] 1♂, Chuncheon, 20 vii 1987 (K.T. Park et U. Park)-coll.
Labdia niphosticta (Meyrick, 1936) (Figs. 20, 39) Stagmatophora niphosticta Meyrick, 1936: 30. Park, 1983. TL: Japan. Labdia niphosticta: Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 20). Wingspan 7–8 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Gnathos rather short, slender, hooker at the apex. Tegumen broadened, tapered toward the apical. Valva slender at the basal part, rather curved, rounded toward the apex, with short hair. Aedeagus slim, rather long, tapered toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. 1040
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the apex, short hair. Aedeagus lanceolate, length as long as valva, tapered toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [GW] 1♂1♀, Chuncheon, 26 vi 1984 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 29 v 1984 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 13 vii 1984 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/ KNU. [CB] 1♂, Mt. Songni, 18 vi 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5273-coll. SEL/HNU. [JN] 2♂, Mt. Jinsan, 23 vii 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. < North Korea > [PB] 1♂, Mt. Myohyang, 17 vii 1982 (L. Forro & L. Ronkay)-coll. HNHM. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Vietnam, Russia. Host plant. Quercus dentata (Angiosperm: Fagaceae) (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Material examined. < South Korea > [GG] 1♂, Suwon, 23 vii 1974 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Suwon, 23 viii 1974 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 2♀, Gwangleung, 10 vii 1982 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♀, Chuncheon, 13 vii 1985 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 3♂4♀, Yangyang, 10 vii 1987 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU; 1♂2♀, Sogumgang, 7 vii 1988 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. [CB] 1♂, Umseong, 16 vii 2013 (Lim, Lim, Oh & Go), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5257-coll. KNIC/KNA. [GN] 3♀, Namhae, 25 vii 1985 (K.T. Park). Distribution. Korea (South), Japan. Host plant. Unknown. Labdia semicoccinea (Stainton, 1859) (Figs. 21, 50) Cosmopteryx semicoccinea Stainton, 1859: 123. TL: India. Labdia semicoccinea: Park, 1983: 478; Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. Adult (Fig. 21). Wingspan 11–12 mm. Male genitalia. Not available. Female genitalia (Fig. 50). Papillae anales with some hair, soft. Ostium cylindrical tube shaped, rather slender. Apophyses anteriores rather short as long as 2/3 of apophyses posteriores. Apophyses posteriores as longer than apophyses anteriores. Corpus bursae elongated, oval with one signum, wrinkled. Material examined. < South Korea > [CN] 1♀, Gongju, 11 vii 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5256-coll. SEL/HNU. [JN] 1♂, Mt. Jiri, 14 vii 1976 (Y.Y. Ha)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Taiwan, India, Java, Caucasus. Host plant. Unknown. Remark. Larva probably feeds on vegetable refuse (Sinev and Park, 1994).
Subfamily Scaeosophinae Meyrick, 1922a Scaeosophides Meyrick, 1922a: 48. Type genus: Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1922a: 48. Type species: Scaeosopha percnaula Meyrick, 1914b: 254. TL: India. The subfamily Scaeosophinae is small group in the family Cosmopterigidae, comprising about 12 genera of 39 species in the world (Sinev, 2002). This subfamily is characterized by a broadened lanceolate forewing and hindwing, and the male genitalia being threedimensional without uncus. The subfamily Scaeosophinae is distinguished from the other subfamilies of Cosmopterigidae by width of forewing and hindwing. They are broadened and rather rounded toward the apex. The other subfamilies have slender and narrowed toward the apex. In Korea, only one genus of one species has been recorded (Ponomarenko and Park, 1997). Genus Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1914a Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1914a: 48. Type species: Scaeosopha percnaula Meyrick, 1914. TL: India. =Scaeothyris Diakonoff, 1967: 163.
Genus Pyroderces Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 Pyroderces Herrich-Schäffer, 1853: 12. Type species: Pyroderces goldeggiella Herrich-Schäffer, 1853. TL: Italy. (= Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller, 1847)). = Syntomactis Meyrick, 1889: 165. = Lallia Chrétien, 1915: 351. = Tenuipenna Amsel, 1959: 68. = Lacciferophaga Zagulajev and Liao, 1959: 310.
Scaeosopha sinevi Ponomarenko and Park, 1997 (Fig. 42) Scaeosopha sinevi Ponomarenko and Park, 1997: 287. TL: S. Korea. Adult. Wingspan 17–19 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 42). Gnathos symmetry, slender, branched at the 2/3 of gnathos, tapered toward the apex. Anellus lobe rather long, slender, rounded toward the apex. Valva broadened with short hair. Aedeagus curved at the 1/2 of aedeagus, rounded toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JJ] 2♂, Mt. Halla, 5 vii 1986 (K.T. Park)-coll. CIS/KNU. Distribution. Korea (South), China. Host plant. Unknown.
Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick, 1932) (Figs. 22, 40) Labdia sarcogypsa Meyrick, 1932: 213. TL: Japan. Pyroderces sarcogypsa (Meyrick): Kuroko et al., 1982: 271. Adult (Fig. 22). Wingspan 10 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 40). Left gnathos rather short, slender, rather curved. Right gnathos longer than left gnathos, slender, curved. Tegumen broadened, rectangular shaped. Valva slender with rather long hair. Aedeagus short, broadened at 1/2 part of aedeagus, rounded toward the apex. Female genitalia. Not available. Material examined. < South Korea > [JJ] 1♂, Is. Chuja, 15 vii 2015 (B.K. Byun), genitalia slide no. SEL/HNU-5262-coll. SEL/HNU. Distribution. Korea (South), Japan, China, Russia. Host plant. Unknown.
Acknowledgements We thank to Mrs. S.Y. Park, the Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea, Dr. G.S. Lee, the National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, Korea, and Prof. Y.S. Bae, the Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea, for their loan of material for this study. Our deep thanks also due to Mrs. U.H. Heo, Suncheon, Korea, for her providing us the valuable material for our study. We would like to express our heartful thanks to Dr. S.Y. Sinev, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, for his kind advice and valuable literatures on the family Cosmopterigidae. This work was supported by the “R&D Program for Forestry Technology (Project No. S111616L030110)” provided by the Korea Forest Service and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (grant number: 2016R1D1A2B03934633).
Genus Ressia Sinev, 1988 Ressia Sinev, 1988: 113. Type species: Ressia quercidentella Sinev, 1988. TL: Vietnam. Ressia quercidentella Sinev, 1988 (Figs. 23, 41) Ressia quercidentella Sinev, 1988: 98. Park, 1994: 12; Sinev and Park, 1994: 194. TL: Vietnam. Adult (Fig. 23). Wingspan 9.5–10.5 mm. Male genitalia (Fig. 41). Gnathos rather long, slender, curved at the apex. Tegumen tapered toward the apical. Valva shaped musical note, slender at the basal part, broadened at the apex, rather rounded toward 1041
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20 (2017) 1032–1042
H.-K. Yoon, B.-K. Byun
References
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