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The Curability of Canker of the Horse's Foot
6..J.
EDITORIAL ARTICLES.
countries, we shall quote here some information from the interesting monograph on the subject by Lydtin and Schottelius, published in 1885. From a table there given it appears that the total number of pigs in the Grand Duchy of Baden in the year 1884 was 393,244, and of that number no fewer than 12,564 were attacked with swine erysipelas; 2923 of these succumbed to the disease, 8219 were slaughtered, and 1422 recovered. The authors quote many examples illustrating its highly contagious and infectious character; indeed, in this respect it seems to be in no way inferior to swine fever. It is spread not only by direct contact between diseased and healthy pigs, but also with great readiness by intermediate infection; and butchers, pig-dealers. and castrators very frequently act as agents for the dissemination of the disease. The flesh of diseased pigs is highly infectious, and the virus preserves its vitality in contaminated premises for half a year or more. H is understood that the Board of Agriculture contemplate the introduction of stamping-out measures against swine fever, but before any regulations with that object are framed it would be very desirable to have some information regarding the extent to which this second epizootic prevails in Great Britain. It might be said that if the stamping-out process were applied to swine fever it would matter little although, through errors in diagnosis, outbreaks of swine erysipelas were returned as swine fever, and in one sense that would no doubt be true; but legal enactments or Orders of the Board of Agriculture relating to the latter disease could not be held to refer to swine erysipelas, for the two diseases are just as distinct clinically and etiologically as glanders and strangles, or pleuro-pneumonia and tuberculosis. At the present time the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act takes no cognisance whatever of swine erysipelas, and to apply to outbreaks of that disease the regulations referring to swine fever is certainly illegal. That such mistakes are frequently being made at the present time appears highly probable.
THE CURABILITY: OF CANKER OF THE HORSE'S FOOT.
THAT canker of the horse's foot is sometimes curable, probably no practitioner doubts; but it is equally certain that for one case that is cured two go on from bad to worse until they necessitate the animal's destruction. Such, at any rate, has hitherto been the general experience, but one may indulge the hope that in the future the method of treatment recommended by Mr Malcolm of Birmingham wiII receive a fair trial, and that it will yield results as gratifying as those obtained in his hands. We had the opportunity some considerable time ago to observe the
REVIEWS.
success of Mr lVIalcolm's treatment in a number of cases, and it "'as at our solicitation that he contributed the article on the subject that appeared in last volume of the Journal. The note which he has contributed to the present number is a valuable supplement to his former paper, for the accompanying figure affords ocular demonstration of the fact that even very advanced cases of the disease are amenable to treatment. We saw this case at the time when the photograph was taken, and can therefore vouch for the accuracy of the illustration.
Ueber die gegenwartIgen Arten der Milchverwerthung mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Kranken und gesunden Milch. Von Professor Dr Kirchner. Leipzig: Arthur Felix, r892. monograph form'> the eighth instalment of the 2nd volume of the Thierllledizillische Vortrdge being published under the editorship of Dr Georg Schneidemiihl, Privatdozent in the University of Kiel. It deals from a public-health point of view with the various economic uses of cow's milk, and it maintains the high character of the preceding monographs of the same series. Dr Kirchner describes succinctly the principal micro-organisms that determine the lactic acid and butyric acid fermentations in milk, and also those that impart a colour to it, make it slimy or ropy, or give it a cheesy or bitter taste, etc. Regarding the advantages of a germ-free milk, the author points out that, while it may be of importance to supply wch milk to infants, it must not be overlooked that the sterilising of milk at high temperatures and the subsequent preservation of it in bottles for a considerable period before use are not without effect on its nutritive value, for, as Soxhlet has pointed out, the finely divided condition of the fat in milk, which is mainly accountable for its easy digestibility, may be largely destroyed in sterilised milk. The great advantages of the centrifugal separator are recognised; but on the ground of recent experiments, especially those of Scheurlen, it is concluded that few of the bacteria which may find their "'ay into milk are removed by the separator.
THIS
The Exterior of the Horse. Second Edition. By Armand Goubaux and Gustave Barrier. Translated and edited by Simon J. J. Harger, V.M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Zootechnics in the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1892. THE day that Goubaux and Barrier's magnificent work made its appearance one might have prophesied that English-speaking veterinary surgeons would sooner or later reap the benefit of its publication, either through its being mined by plagiarists, or honestly translated into the English language. Fortunately, it has at last been made available in an unmutilated condition, and great credit is due to Professor Harger for having by this translation filled up a great blank in English veterinary literature. E
EDITORIAL ARTICLES.
countries, we shall quote here some information from the interesting monograph on the subject by Lydtin and Schottelius, published in 1885. From a table there given it appears that the total number of pigs in the Grand Duchy of Baden in the year 1884 was 393,244, and of that number no fewer than 12,564 were attacked with swine erysipelas; 2923 of these succumbed to the disease, 8219 were slaughtered, and 1422 recovered. The authors quote many examples illustrating its highly contagious and infectious character; indeed, in this respect it seems to be in no way inferior to swine fever. It is spread not only by direct contact between diseased and healthy pigs, but also with great readiness by intermediate infection; and butchers, pig-dealers. and castrators very frequently act as agents for the dissemination of the disease. The flesh of diseased pigs is highly infectious, and the virus preserves its vitality in contaminated premises for half a year or more. H is understood that the Board of Agriculture contemplate the introduction of stamping-out measures against swine fever, but before any regulations with that object are framed it would be very desirable to have some information regarding the extent to which this second epizootic prevails in Great Britain. It might be said that if the stamping-out process were applied to swine fever it would matter little although, through errors in diagnosis, outbreaks of swine erysipelas were returned as swine fever, and in one sense that would no doubt be true; but legal enactments or Orders of the Board of Agriculture relating to the latter disease could not be held to refer to swine erysipelas, for the two diseases are just as distinct clinically and etiologically as glanders and strangles, or pleuro-pneumonia and tuberculosis. At the present time the Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act takes no cognisance whatever of swine erysipelas, and to apply to outbreaks of that disease the regulations referring to swine fever is certainly illegal. That such mistakes are frequently being made at the present time appears highly probable.
THE CURABILITY: OF CANKER OF THE HORSE'S FOOT.
THAT canker of the horse's foot is sometimes curable, probably no practitioner doubts; but it is equally certain that for one case that is cured two go on from bad to worse until they necessitate the animal's destruction. Such, at any rate, has hitherto been the general experience, but one may indulge the hope that in the future the method of treatment recommended by Mr Malcolm of Birmingham wiII receive a fair trial, and that it will yield results as gratifying as those obtained in his hands. We had the opportunity some considerable time ago to observe the
REVIEWS.
success of Mr lVIalcolm's treatment in a number of cases, and it "'as at our solicitation that he contributed the article on the subject that appeared in last volume of the Journal. The note which he has contributed to the present number is a valuable supplement to his former paper, for the accompanying figure affords ocular demonstration of the fact that even very advanced cases of the disease are amenable to treatment. We saw this case at the time when the photograph was taken, and can therefore vouch for the accuracy of the illustration.
Ueber die gegenwartIgen Arten der Milchverwerthung mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Kranken und gesunden Milch. Von Professor Dr Kirchner. Leipzig: Arthur Felix, r892. monograph form'> the eighth instalment of the 2nd volume of the Thierllledizillische Vortrdge being published under the editorship of Dr Georg Schneidemiihl, Privatdozent in the University of Kiel. It deals from a public-health point of view with the various economic uses of cow's milk, and it maintains the high character of the preceding monographs of the same series. Dr Kirchner describes succinctly the principal micro-organisms that determine the lactic acid and butyric acid fermentations in milk, and also those that impart a colour to it, make it slimy or ropy, or give it a cheesy or bitter taste, etc. Regarding the advantages of a germ-free milk, the author points out that, while it may be of importance to supply wch milk to infants, it must not be overlooked that the sterilising of milk at high temperatures and the subsequent preservation of it in bottles for a considerable period before use are not without effect on its nutritive value, for, as Soxhlet has pointed out, the finely divided condition of the fat in milk, which is mainly accountable for its easy digestibility, may be largely destroyed in sterilised milk. The great advantages of the centrifugal separator are recognised; but on the ground of recent experiments, especially those of Scheurlen, it is concluded that few of the bacteria which may find their "'ay into milk are removed by the separator.
THIS
The Exterior of the Horse. Second Edition. By Armand Goubaux and Gustave Barrier. Translated and edited by Simon J. J. Harger, V.M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Zootechnics in the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1892. THE day that Goubaux and Barrier's magnificent work made its appearance one might have prophesied that English-speaking veterinary surgeons would sooner or later reap the benefit of its publication, either through its being mined by plagiarists, or honestly translated into the English language. Fortunately, it has at last been made available in an unmutilated condition, and great credit is due to Professor Harger for having by this translation filled up a great blank in English veterinary literature. E