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The effect of the conditions of cosmic flight on seeds of Allium fistulosum and Nigella damascena
ABSTRACTS
437
characterized by a statistically verified increased frequency of sex-associated recessive fatal mutations. Further experiments are required to determine the effect of acceleration and vibration before the increased rate of mutation of spermatide compared with sperms can be explained. G. P. PARFENOV: The occurrence of dominant fatal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster during flight (pp. 69-71). Details are given of prelimkary tests on flasks of wild male fruit fly (Drosophil~~, D-32) in cosmic flight to determine the frequency of dominant fatal mutations. The date is tabulated and compared with the results of vibration tests on earth. It is considered that any conclusions would be premature, but cosmic radiation appears to have no harmful effect. YA. L. GLEMBOTSKII, A. A. PROKOF’EVA-BEL’GOVSKAYA, 2. B. SHAMINA,S. Yu. GOL’ DA?, V. V. KHVOSTOVA, S. A. VALEVA, N. S. EIGES and L. V. NEVZGODINA: The influence of the factors of cosmic flight on heredity and the growth of actinomyces and growing plants (pp. 72-8 I).
The spaceship No. 2 carried on board flies, Drosophila, spiderwort (Tra&scarzfia), seeds of wheat, peas, maize, onions (AUium j~ulosum), nigella, actinomyces (producers of antibiotics) and other forms of life. The authors investigate the genetic effect and interplay of various factors of cosmic flight on the growth and development of actinomyces and agricultural plants. Photographs and Tables are produced which indicate that all four strains of actinomyces are sensitive to the conditions of cosmic flight and that the viability of three strains was considerably reduced. The percentage of chromosome changes was slightly increased in the radicles of all five types of test seeds. An increased tempo of cell divisions was observed in three types of plant. For a high percentage of anaphase with chromosome changes (about 5 per cent), the tempo of cell division decreased. M. A. ARSEN’EVA,V. V. AIWTIPOV,V. G. PETRUKHIN, T. S. L’VOVA, N. N. ORLOVAand S. S. IL’IXA: Changes in the hematogenic organs of mice under the influence of cosmic flight (pp. 82-92). A study is made of the effect of cosmic flight on the blood-forming organs of 40 black line (C-57) and white stockless mice using cytological and histological methods of investigating the marrow and spleen(lien). The peripheral blood and morpholoy of the marrow was also studied. Extensive investigations indicate that the changes produced by cosmic flight are attributable primarily to mechanical factors and vibration in particular. The effect of sustained exposure to cosmic radiation still requires to be examined, B. N. SIDOROV and N. N. SOKOLOV: The effect of the conditions of cosmic flight on seeds of Allium Jistulosum and Nigella damascena (pp. 93-95). An analysis of test data indicates that cosmic radiation has no detectable effect on the death of, or mutation changes in, the seeds of radio-stable Nigelln damascarm or radio-sensitive Alliumjistulo.wn~ (onions). The stimulation experienced in cosmic flight must be due to other factors. *N. L. GKIGOROV, D. A. ZHURAVLEV, M. A, KONDRAT’EVA,I. D. RAPOP~RT and I. A. SAVEXKO: Searches for anti-matter in cosmic rays and in cosmic space (pp. 96-97). It is considered that the study of cosmic rays can provide information about anti-matter in our galaxy at least. An emulsion “pack” 10 x 10 cme and 400 ~1thick containing 489 layers of a special emulsion was placed on the second cosmic spaceship and exposed beyond the limits of the atmosphere at an altitude of 300 km for about one day. The analysis of the emulsion on return to earth is described. Within the limits of the sensitivity of the experiment, no anti-matter was identified in the heavy component of the primary radiation. From this it is concluded that the anti-matter constituent could not have exceeded 0.23 per cent of the total, *A. D. DANILOV: Concerning molecular nitrogen in the upper atmosphere (pp. 98-101). The author reviews the state of knowledge on the chemical composition of the atmosphere at altitudes greater than 120-130 km. From information obtained in recent rocket and satellite launchings it is deduced that from 150-170 km to about 400 km the atmosphere contains a considerable proportion of molecular nitrogen. *V. A. RUDAKOV: Certain results of rocket measurements of the electron concentration in the ionosphere up to altitudes of 200 km carried out in 1959-1960 (pp. 102-103). A radio-propagation method is used to measure the electron density profile in the ionosphere. Curves are produced showing the distribution of the concentration of the face electrons at altitudes up to 200 km as obtained from two rocket launchings in 1959 and one in 1960. It appears that in a strongly sun-illumined ionosphere up to 200 km there is an aimost regular increase in elect& concentration with-&all maxima at 105, 115 and 125 km. If the illuminations by the sun is weak, the electron concentration is slight (1-2 _: 10’ electron cmma) and relatively constant up to 180-190 km.
437
characterized by a statistically verified increased frequency of sex-associated recessive fatal mutations. Further experiments are required to determine the effect of acceleration and vibration before the increased rate of mutation of spermatide compared with sperms can be explained. G. P. PARFENOV: The occurrence of dominant fatal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster during flight (pp. 69-71). Details are given of prelimkary tests on flasks of wild male fruit fly (Drosophil~~, D-32) in cosmic flight to determine the frequency of dominant fatal mutations. The date is tabulated and compared with the results of vibration tests on earth. It is considered that any conclusions would be premature, but cosmic radiation appears to have no harmful effect. YA. L. GLEMBOTSKII, A. A. PROKOF’EVA-BEL’GOVSKAYA, 2. B. SHAMINA,S. Yu. GOL’ DA?, V. V. KHVOSTOVA, S. A. VALEVA, N. S. EIGES and L. V. NEVZGODINA: The influence of the factors of cosmic flight on heredity and the growth of actinomyces and growing plants (pp. 72-8 I).
The spaceship No. 2 carried on board flies, Drosophila, spiderwort (Tra&scarzfia), seeds of wheat, peas, maize, onions (AUium j~ulosum), nigella, actinomyces (producers of antibiotics) and other forms of life. The authors investigate the genetic effect and interplay of various factors of cosmic flight on the growth and development of actinomyces and agricultural plants. Photographs and Tables are produced which indicate that all four strains of actinomyces are sensitive to the conditions of cosmic flight and that the viability of three strains was considerably reduced. The percentage of chromosome changes was slightly increased in the radicles of all five types of test seeds. An increased tempo of cell divisions was observed in three types of plant. For a high percentage of anaphase with chromosome changes (about 5 per cent), the tempo of cell division decreased. M. A. ARSEN’EVA,V. V. AIWTIPOV,V. G. PETRUKHIN, T. S. L’VOVA, N. N. ORLOVAand S. S. IL’IXA: Changes in the hematogenic organs of mice under the influence of cosmic flight (pp. 82-92). A study is made of the effect of cosmic flight on the blood-forming organs of 40 black line (C-57) and white stockless mice using cytological and histological methods of investigating the marrow and spleen(lien). The peripheral blood and morpholoy of the marrow was also studied. Extensive investigations indicate that the changes produced by cosmic flight are attributable primarily to mechanical factors and vibration in particular. The effect of sustained exposure to cosmic radiation still requires to be examined, B. N. SIDOROV and N. N. SOKOLOV: The effect of the conditions of cosmic flight on seeds of Allium Jistulosum and Nigella damascena (pp. 93-95). An analysis of test data indicates that cosmic radiation has no detectable effect on the death of, or mutation changes in, the seeds of radio-stable Nigelln damascarm or radio-sensitive Alliumjistulo.wn~ (onions). The stimulation experienced in cosmic flight must be due to other factors. *N. L. GKIGOROV, D. A. ZHURAVLEV, M. A, KONDRAT’EVA,I. D. RAPOP~RT and I. A. SAVEXKO: Searches for anti-matter in cosmic rays and in cosmic space (pp. 96-97). It is considered that the study of cosmic rays can provide information about anti-matter in our galaxy at least. An emulsion “pack” 10 x 10 cme and 400 ~1thick containing 489 layers of a special emulsion was placed on the second cosmic spaceship and exposed beyond the limits of the atmosphere at an altitude of 300 km for about one day. The analysis of the emulsion on return to earth is described. Within the limits of the sensitivity of the experiment, no anti-matter was identified in the heavy component of the primary radiation. From this it is concluded that the anti-matter constituent could not have exceeded 0.23 per cent of the total, *A. D. DANILOV: Concerning molecular nitrogen in the upper atmosphere (pp. 98-101). The author reviews the state of knowledge on the chemical composition of the atmosphere at altitudes greater than 120-130 km. From information obtained in recent rocket and satellite launchings it is deduced that from 150-170 km to about 400 km the atmosphere contains a considerable proportion of molecular nitrogen. *V. A. RUDAKOV: Certain results of rocket measurements of the electron concentration in the ionosphere up to altitudes of 200 km carried out in 1959-1960 (pp. 102-103). A radio-propagation method is used to measure the electron density profile in the ionosphere. Curves are produced showing the distribution of the concentration of the face electrons at altitudes up to 200 km as obtained from two rocket launchings in 1959 and one in 1960. It appears that in a strongly sun-illumined ionosphere up to 200 km there is an aimost regular increase in elect& concentration with-&all maxima at 105, 115 and 125 km. If the illuminations by the sun is weak, the electron concentration is slight (1-2 _: 10’ electron cmma) and relatively constant up to 180-190 km.