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The Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center Global Spectral Ocean Wave Model
992
A. Physical Oceanography
the ranges widened downstream such that in the eastern portion of the study area the Gulf Stream could be found with equal probability throughout its 145-km excursion range. Downstream propagation rates increase smoothly from about 14 km/d for meanders with periods and wavelengths (33 days, 460 km) to over 45 km/d for the (4 days, 180 km) meanders. Meander amplitudes show rapid growth rates in two separate bands, near (4-5 days, 180-230 km) and (10-33 days, 300-500 km). Grad. Sch. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. 86:6769 Verron, Jacques, 1986. Topographic eddies in temporally varying oceanic flows, Geophys. astrophys. Fluid Dynam., 35(3):257-276. In certain cases, vortex shedding is observed in the lee of obstacles. Such shedding can be explained as the consequence of both an enhanced process of vorticity dissipation over the topography which locally affects the balance of potential vorticity on the advective timescale, and a periodic dominance of advective effects which sweep the fluid particles trapped on the seamount. For refined resolution and smallest viscosity the model will predict flows in which the shed eddies are coherent structures with closed streamlines. The model suggests a mechanism by which topographically generated eddies may be swept away from a seamount in the ocean. Inst. de Mecan. de Grenoble, BP 68, 38402 St Martin D'Heres Cedex, France.
A l l 0 . Water masses and fronts 86:6770 Balopoulos, E.Th., 1985. An analysis of the coastal water masses in the northwestern Aegean Sea. Thalassographica, 8:7-17. Analysis of temperature and salinity distributions reveals three major factors influencing water mass characteristics, circulation and mixing: river flow, the intrusion of high salinity Aegean Sea water, and air-sea interaction processes (autumn cooling and wind). Natl. Centre for Mar. Res., GR-166 04 Hellinikon, Greece.
A120. Convergences, divergences, upwelling 86:6771 Voytov, V.I. and V.M. Zhurbas, 1986. On synoptic variability of surface temperature and salinity
OLR (1986) 33 (12)
fields in the Canary Upwelling. Okeanologiia, 26(2):186-190. (In Russian, English abstract.) Surface temperature and CTD data for the area (21°07"N-22°20"N) indicate (1) a high negative correlation exists between surface temperature and salinity during upwelling events, although the opposite occurs when conditions unfavorable for upwelling prevail; (2) at the boundary between upwelled and open ocean water, the horizontal temperature gradient across the thermohaline front was as much as 0.7C°; and (3) upwelled waters originated from 10(O200 m depths. (slr)
A150. Tides and sea level 86:6772 Fang, Guohong, 1985. A finite difference-least squares technique for solving tidal wave equations with specific application to the modeling of M 2 tide in the Huanghai Sea. Scientia sin., (B)28(10):1110-1120. Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. Sin., Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
A160. Waves, oscillations 86:6773 Brink, K.H., 1986. Scattering of long coastal-trapped waves due to bottom irregularities. Dynam. Atmos. Oceans, 10(2): 149-164. The topographic scattering of long coastal-trapped waves is considered to see whether or not stratification tends to weaken scattering. Numerical examples show that this is not the case in general. Rather, susceptibility to scattering depends upon the particular example; in some cases it weakens with stratification, and in others it strengthens. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. 86:6774 Clancy, R.M., J.E. Kaitala and L.F. Zambresky, 1986. The Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center Global Spectral Ocean Wave Model. Bull. Am. met. Soc., 67(5):498-512. The Spectral Ocean Wave Model (SOWM) has been operational since the mid 1970s; the Global Spectral Ocean Wave Model (GSOWM) was developed to replace it. An operational test of GSOWM (winter, 1984/85) using buoy, ocean-weather-station, and ship-reported wave-height data for verification, indicated that it was superior to SOWM and that both models exhibited root-mean-square significant-wave-height errors on the order of 1 m.
OLR (1986)33 (12)
A. PhysicalOceanography
Wave-height errors deduced from ship observations were comparable to those calculated from the buoy data. The GSOWM scatter index averaged 0.34. Data Integration Dept., Fleet Numerical Oceanogr. Center, Monterey, CA 93943, USA. 86:6775
Hu, Dingming, 1986. Analytical solution for the velocity potential of linear waves over sloping beaches. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 5(1):1-14. Shandong Coll. of Oceanol., Qingdao, People's Republic of China. 86:6776 Hukuda, Hisashi, 1986. On the damping of gravity oscillations in closed basins. Dynam. ,4tmos. Oceans, 10(2):97-109. A perturbation solution, pivoting on a small bottom friction parameter c, is derived for an arbitrary shaped basin with a sloping beach. It is shown that at 0(0 the gravity oscillations are attenuated at a decay rate equal to the kinetic energy of 0(1) wave field. A simple law of decay rates is proposed for estimating the e-folding time of lake seiches, on the basis of calculations in both circular and elliptical basins with parabolic depth. Res. Inst. for Appl. Mech., Kyushu Univ., Kasuga 816, Japan. 86:6777
Kagemoto, Hiroshi and D.K.P. Yue, 1986. Interactions among multiple three--dimensional bodies in water waves: an exact algebraic method. J.
Fluid Mech., 166:189-209. An interaction theory based algebraically on the diffraction characteristics of single members only is used to examine three-dimensional water-wave diffraction and radiation by a structure consisting of a number of separate (vertically) non-overlapping members in the context of linearized potential flow. The method predicts wave-exciting forces, hydrodynamic coefficients and second-order drift forces, and is, in principle, exact (within the context of linearized theory) for otherwise arbitrary configurations and spacings. Ship Res. Inst., Tokyo, Japan. 86:6778
OueUet, Y. and D. Maltais, 1986. [A numerical model of storm surges in the estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.] Naturaliste can., 113(1):91-101. (In French, English abstract.) The results obtained show how the winds and atmospheric pressure act independently on one another. These results were also used to study the influence of local topography on storm surges. The model is discussed in relation to other methods.
993
Dept. de genie civil., Univ. Laval Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. 86:6779
Reznik, G.M., 1986. Point vortices at the B-plane and Rnssby solitary waves. Okeanologiia, 26(2):165173. (In Russian, English abstract.) 86:6780
Ruvinsky, K.D., F.I. Fel'dstein and G.I. Freidman, 1986. The influence of nonlinear damping due to the generation of capillary-gravity ripples on the stability of short wind waves and their modulation by the internal wave train. Fiz, Atmoff. Okeana,
22(3):292-300. (In Russian, English abstract.) The stability of stationary wind waves and their modulation by an internal wavetrain are considered, assuming that the surface wave amplitude is limited by the generation of ripples. These processes depend strongly on the wind waves' nonlinear damping characteristics. The modulation of ripples that results even from weak modulation of wind waves can be significant. 86:6781
Sui, Shifeng, 1985. On the fitting of measured mixed-type single peak sea wave spectra. Tropic Oceanol., 4(1):10-18. (In Chinese, English abstract.) South China Sea Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. Sin., People's Republic of China. 86:6782
Tayfun, M.A., 1986. On narrow-band representation of ocean waves. 1. Theory. J. geophys. Res., 91(C6):7743-7752. The description of linear random waves in the form of an amplitude-modulated carrier wave is known as narrow-band representations. Herewith, the theoretical basis of such a representation is examined in terms of integral properties of surface spectra and criteria governing the statistical and kinematic characteristics of the carrier wave. These considerations are then extended systematically to derive two narrow-band type representations for nonlinear waves. The nature of these representations and their statistical properties are discussed and compared with other models. Civ. Engng. Dept., Kuwait Univ., P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Kuwait. 86:6783
Tayfun, M.A., 1986. On nurrow-band representation of ocean waves. 2. Simulations. J. geophys. Res, 91(C6):7753-7759. The reliability of results obtained from two derived narrow-band type representations for nonlinear
A. Physical Oceanography
the ranges widened downstream such that in the eastern portion of the study area the Gulf Stream could be found with equal probability throughout its 145-km excursion range. Downstream propagation rates increase smoothly from about 14 km/d for meanders with periods and wavelengths (33 days, 460 km) to over 45 km/d for the (4 days, 180 km) meanders. Meander amplitudes show rapid growth rates in two separate bands, near (4-5 days, 180-230 km) and (10-33 days, 300-500 km). Grad. Sch. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. 86:6769 Verron, Jacques, 1986. Topographic eddies in temporally varying oceanic flows, Geophys. astrophys. Fluid Dynam., 35(3):257-276. In certain cases, vortex shedding is observed in the lee of obstacles. Such shedding can be explained as the consequence of both an enhanced process of vorticity dissipation over the topography which locally affects the balance of potential vorticity on the advective timescale, and a periodic dominance of advective effects which sweep the fluid particles trapped on the seamount. For refined resolution and smallest viscosity the model will predict flows in which the shed eddies are coherent structures with closed streamlines. The model suggests a mechanism by which topographically generated eddies may be swept away from a seamount in the ocean. Inst. de Mecan. de Grenoble, BP 68, 38402 St Martin D'Heres Cedex, France.
A l l 0 . Water masses and fronts 86:6770 Balopoulos, E.Th., 1985. An analysis of the coastal water masses in the northwestern Aegean Sea. Thalassographica, 8:7-17. Analysis of temperature and salinity distributions reveals three major factors influencing water mass characteristics, circulation and mixing: river flow, the intrusion of high salinity Aegean Sea water, and air-sea interaction processes (autumn cooling and wind). Natl. Centre for Mar. Res., GR-166 04 Hellinikon, Greece.
A120. Convergences, divergences, upwelling 86:6771 Voytov, V.I. and V.M. Zhurbas, 1986. On synoptic variability of surface temperature and salinity
OLR (1986) 33 (12)
fields in the Canary Upwelling. Okeanologiia, 26(2):186-190. (In Russian, English abstract.) Surface temperature and CTD data for the area (21°07"N-22°20"N) indicate (1) a high negative correlation exists between surface temperature and salinity during upwelling events, although the opposite occurs when conditions unfavorable for upwelling prevail; (2) at the boundary between upwelled and open ocean water, the horizontal temperature gradient across the thermohaline front was as much as 0.7C°; and (3) upwelled waters originated from 10(O200 m depths. (slr)
A150. Tides and sea level 86:6772 Fang, Guohong, 1985. A finite difference-least squares technique for solving tidal wave equations with specific application to the modeling of M 2 tide in the Huanghai Sea. Scientia sin., (B)28(10):1110-1120. Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. Sin., Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
A160. Waves, oscillations 86:6773 Brink, K.H., 1986. Scattering of long coastal-trapped waves due to bottom irregularities. Dynam. Atmos. Oceans, 10(2): 149-164. The topographic scattering of long coastal-trapped waves is considered to see whether or not stratification tends to weaken scattering. Numerical examples show that this is not the case in general. Rather, susceptibility to scattering depends upon the particular example; in some cases it weakens with stratification, and in others it strengthens. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. 86:6774 Clancy, R.M., J.E. Kaitala and L.F. Zambresky, 1986. The Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center Global Spectral Ocean Wave Model. Bull. Am. met. Soc., 67(5):498-512. The Spectral Ocean Wave Model (SOWM) has been operational since the mid 1970s; the Global Spectral Ocean Wave Model (GSOWM) was developed to replace it. An operational test of GSOWM (winter, 1984/85) using buoy, ocean-weather-station, and ship-reported wave-height data for verification, indicated that it was superior to SOWM and that both models exhibited root-mean-square significant-wave-height errors on the order of 1 m.
OLR (1986)33 (12)
A. PhysicalOceanography
Wave-height errors deduced from ship observations were comparable to those calculated from the buoy data. The GSOWM scatter index averaged 0.34. Data Integration Dept., Fleet Numerical Oceanogr. Center, Monterey, CA 93943, USA. 86:6775
Hu, Dingming, 1986. Analytical solution for the velocity potential of linear waves over sloping beaches. Acta oceanol, sin. (English version), 5(1):1-14. Shandong Coll. of Oceanol., Qingdao, People's Republic of China. 86:6776 Hukuda, Hisashi, 1986. On the damping of gravity oscillations in closed basins. Dynam. ,4tmos. Oceans, 10(2):97-109. A perturbation solution, pivoting on a small bottom friction parameter c, is derived for an arbitrary shaped basin with a sloping beach. It is shown that at 0(0 the gravity oscillations are attenuated at a decay rate equal to the kinetic energy of 0(1) wave field. A simple law of decay rates is proposed for estimating the e-folding time of lake seiches, on the basis of calculations in both circular and elliptical basins with parabolic depth. Res. Inst. for Appl. Mech., Kyushu Univ., Kasuga 816, Japan. 86:6777
Kagemoto, Hiroshi and D.K.P. Yue, 1986. Interactions among multiple three--dimensional bodies in water waves: an exact algebraic method. J.
Fluid Mech., 166:189-209. An interaction theory based algebraically on the diffraction characteristics of single members only is used to examine three-dimensional water-wave diffraction and radiation by a structure consisting of a number of separate (vertically) non-overlapping members in the context of linearized potential flow. The method predicts wave-exciting forces, hydrodynamic coefficients and second-order drift forces, and is, in principle, exact (within the context of linearized theory) for otherwise arbitrary configurations and spacings. Ship Res. Inst., Tokyo, Japan. 86:6778
OueUet, Y. and D. Maltais, 1986. [A numerical model of storm surges in the estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.] Naturaliste can., 113(1):91-101. (In French, English abstract.) The results obtained show how the winds and atmospheric pressure act independently on one another. These results were also used to study the influence of local topography on storm surges. The model is discussed in relation to other methods.
993
Dept. de genie civil., Univ. Laval Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. 86:6779
Reznik, G.M., 1986. Point vortices at the B-plane and Rnssby solitary waves. Okeanologiia, 26(2):165173. (In Russian, English abstract.) 86:6780
Ruvinsky, K.D., F.I. Fel'dstein and G.I. Freidman, 1986. The influence of nonlinear damping due to the generation of capillary-gravity ripples on the stability of short wind waves and their modulation by the internal wave train. Fiz, Atmoff. Okeana,
22(3):292-300. (In Russian, English abstract.) The stability of stationary wind waves and their modulation by an internal wavetrain are considered, assuming that the surface wave amplitude is limited by the generation of ripples. These processes depend strongly on the wind waves' nonlinear damping characteristics. The modulation of ripples that results even from weak modulation of wind waves can be significant. 86:6781
Sui, Shifeng, 1985. On the fitting of measured mixed-type single peak sea wave spectra. Tropic Oceanol., 4(1):10-18. (In Chinese, English abstract.) South China Sea Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. Sin., People's Republic of China. 86:6782
Tayfun, M.A., 1986. On narrow-band representation of ocean waves. 1. Theory. J. geophys. Res., 91(C6):7743-7752. The description of linear random waves in the form of an amplitude-modulated carrier wave is known as narrow-band representations. Herewith, the theoretical basis of such a representation is examined in terms of integral properties of surface spectra and criteria governing the statistical and kinematic characteristics of the carrier wave. These considerations are then extended systematically to derive two narrow-band type representations for nonlinear waves. The nature of these representations and their statistical properties are discussed and compared with other models. Civ. Engng. Dept., Kuwait Univ., P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Kuwait. 86:6783
Tayfun, M.A., 1986. On nurrow-band representation of ocean waves. 2. Simulations. J. geophys. Res, 91(C6):7753-7759. The reliability of results obtained from two derived narrow-band type representations for nonlinear