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The IAEA coordinated research programme on the measurement and evaluation of transactinium-isotope nuclear decay data
Int.J.Appl.Radiat.lsot. 34:8 pp.1259-1264 Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in Great Britain
0020-708X/8353.00+O.OO Pergamon Press Lid
THE IAEA COORDINATED RESEARCH PROGRAMME ON THE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSACTINIUM-ISOTOPE
NUCLEAR DECAY DATA
R. Vaninbroukx Commission of the European Communities, JRC Geel Establishment Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements,
Steenweg op Retie, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
ABSTRACT In 1977 the Nuclear Data Section of the Atomic Energy Agency organized a Coordinated Research Programme on the Measurement and Evaluation of Transactinium-lsotope Data.
Nuclear Decay
The objectives of the Coordinated Research Programme, its organization,
the achie-
vements and the ongoing work are reported.
INTRODUCTION By the development of nuclear science-and technology the need for accurate neutron and nuclear-decay data of heavy elements has been increasingly recognized.
In the past it
became obvious that for a large number of data the achieved accuracies were not adequate to meet the requirements.
Consequently,
the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA),
convened in 1975 and 1979, at Karlsruhe and Cadarache respectively,
Advisory Group Meetings
on Transactinium-lsotope Nuclear Data (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1976, 1980). At these meetings users and producers were brought together to assess the requirements for these data, to review their status and to formulate recolmnendations and measures for the coordination of future work.
In response to one of the recommendations formulated at the
Karlsruhe meeting, the IAEA Nuclear Data Section organized in 1977 a Coordinated Research Progra=~e (CRP) on the measurement and evaluation of transactinium-isotope nuclear-decay data.
COMPOSITION AND OBJECTIVES Five laboratories experienced in decay-data measurements agreed to participate in the CRP: Laboratoire de M~trologie des Rayonnements lonisants, LMRI, France,
represented by
J. Legrand (temporary substitutes G. Malet and F. Lagoutine), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, JAERI, Japan, represented by H. Umezawa, Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, AERE, United Kingdom, represented by A.J. Fudge, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, INEL, United States of America, represented by C.W. Reich, CEC-JRC, Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements, CBNM, represented by R. Vaninbroukx. The progran~ne is coordinated by A. Lorenz of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section.
In addition
K. Debertin of PTB, Braunschweig, GFR; W.B. Ewbank of ORNL, Oak Ridge, US; V.M. Kulakov of the Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute, USSR; and A.L. Nichols of AEE, Winfrith, UK; participated as observers at some of the meetings. achieved work. 1259
They contributed appreciably to the
1260
At the first meeting of the participants in the CRY, held in April 1978 in Vienna (Lorenz, 1978), the objectives were discussed.
The main objective is to arrive at a consistent set
of decay data which satisfies the required accuracies.
To achieve that purpose it was
agreed to review regularly the status of existing data in order to agree on the priority of required measurements, to discuss the areas of possible cooperation between the participating laboratories, to coordinate the extension of ongoing and the initiation of new measurements, and to intercompare the results obtained at various laboratories.
In particu-
lar, the participants would perform measurements and evaluations of total and partial half lives and a-particle and 7-ray emission probabilities.
Originally, the CRY only considered
data of transactinium nuclides (Z > 90), but soon it became obvious that data of lower-Z nuclides, pertaining to the decay chains of the transactinium nuclides, had to be included. To monitor the progress, to discuss the obtained results and to adapt future work, subsequent annual meetings have been held (Lorenz, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982a).
ACHIEVEMENTS For several decay data the required accuracies were not satisfied at the time of the Karlsruhe- and Cadarache-Advisory Group Meetings.
The various laboratories participating
in the CRP contributed to the improvement of the status by carrying out decay-data measuremerits. The most important measurements which are completed or in advanced progress are summarized in Table I.
TABLE I
The results will be available before the end of the CRP in 1984.
Measurements carried out by the par=icipatin$ laboratories
Decay parameters Total half lives
Nuclides
Laboratories
237pu
JAERI
241pu
AERE, CBNM
242Cm
JAERI
252Cf
LMRI
Spontaneous-fission half lives
240pu
CBNM
242Cm
JAERI
Alpha-particle-emission probabilities
224Ra
CBNM
238pu
CBNM
Ga~Ina-ray-emission
228Th daughters 231pa
CBNM, INEL
probabilities
~%ER.E
233pa
INEL
235U-231Th
AERE, CBNM, INEL AERE, CBNM
237Np-233pa 237 U 238pu
AERE
239pu
AERE, INEL, LMRI
240pu
AERE, INEL, LMRI
241pu 242pu 241Am
AERE, CBNM, LMRI
AERE, LMRI CBNM LMRI; 60 keV ? ray: CBNM, INEL
1261
To fulfil the main objective of the CRP, i.e. the establishment of a consistent set of decay data, the effort was directed to the preparation of lists of recommended data in addition to the measurements.
During the first two years, and at the first two meetings, the work
was mainly restricted to the preparation of a list of half lives for 40 nuclides ranging from 228Th to 253Es.
In =he following years the list was updated and expanded.
recent half-lives list issued (Lorenz,
The most
1982b) contains information on total and partial
half lives for 125 nuclides ranging from 206Hg to 253Es and pertaining to the important actinide decay chains.
The data compiled in this list are the resul~of a critical apprais-
al of the current status of heavy-nuclide half lives by the members of the CRP. (I)
An important input to it is obtained from the following existing decay-data files: ENSDF,
the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File evaluated by the international Nuclear
Structure and Decay Data network.
The printed versions of this file are the Nuclear
Data Sheets; (2)
The actinide data file of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory which serves as the source file for the decay-data part of the ENDF/B compilation;
(3)
The UK Chemical Nuclear Data Committee Heavy Element Decay Data File, evaluated at the AEE Winfrith laboratory.
Whenever warranted, evaluated values. requirements.
the data have been supplemented or superseded by recently measured or With a few exceptions the half-life values listed fulfil the present
These exceptions are listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Nuclides for which the half-life requirements have not yet been met
Nuclide
Accuracy %
Required half life
Comments Required
Achieved
229Th
Total
I
2
232 U
Total
0.5
1.4
236Np
Total
5
10
Spont. fission Spont. fission Total
!
3
2
3.5
0.5
1.4
238pu 240pu 241pu 241pu
Alpha
!
2
242Amm
Total
!
4.8
242Amm
2
38
3
10
246Cm
Spont. fission Spont. fission Total
!
2
252Cf
Total
0.2
0.4
242Cm
Required accuracy is questionable Work in progress: AERE
Work in progress: AERE, CBNM
ONGOING EVALUATION WORK During the last two years, part of the effort was directed to the preparation of lists of recommended data for a-particle and 7-ray energies and emission probabilities. This effort will be intensified till the end of the CRP next year. In a first attempt provisional lists of a-particle and ?-ray data are presented in the IAEA report prepared by Lorenz (19825).
1262
Generally, the data given in that report are based on the values published in the Nuclear Data Sheets (Ellis, Horen,
1976, 1977a-c,
1976; Schmorak,
1978 a-c; Ellis and Haese,
1977 a-f, I981; Toth,
from the Table of Isotopes, 7th Edition (Lederer and Shirley, current status of the published evaluated data. most prominent transitions of 24
1977; Ellis-Akovali,
1981 a-b;
1978), supplemented when warranted by values 1978).
They represent the
The provisional lists contain data for the
radionuclides ranging from 228Th to 252Cf for
Z-particle data, and 26 from 228Th to ZdbCm for ?-ray data.
Recommended data will replace
these provisional values after evaluations of new and ongoing measurements have been completed by the CRP participants.
The important requirements for a-particle and ?-ray emis-
sion probabilities which are not yet satisfied are summarized in Tables 3 and 4, respectively
TABLE 3
Nuclides for which the a-particle-emission probability requirements of users have not been satisfied
Nuclide
Accuracy % Required
Achieved
234 U 235 U 236 U 238 U
4
(*)
I0
5-
l0 (*)
5-
20
(*)
2O
AERE, CBNM
[ - 2
240pu
(*)
AERE, CBNM
5-
237Np 239pu
Work in progress or planned
(*)
AERE, LMRI Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
3
243Cm
2-
245Cm
0.5 - 5
(*)
246Cm
[ - 5
(*)
I0 (*)
Depending on the a-particle transitions considered.
In preparing the 7-ray-data list, it became clear that some of the inconsistencies between reported data are due to the use of different decay data for the radionuclides used for the efficiency calibration of the ?-ray detectors.
To solve that problem a list of recommended
data for the commonly used calibration radionuclides is also being prepared. The establishment of such a list is a time-consuming job and can hardly be performed by a small group like this ClIP alone, and would perhaps fit better into the activities of bodies like ICRM.
CONCLUSIONS The IAEA Coordinated Research Progra=me on the Measurement and Evaluation of TransactinimnIsotope Nuclear Data accomplished up to now a part of its original objective.
The partici-
pants have critically evaluated the experimental feasibility of reaching the accuracy requirements, and lists of recommended decay data were prepared or are in preparation. The experience in nuclear-decay-data measurements of the participants and their access to and familiarity with several existing decay-data files were essential for the work to be done.
When the a-particle and ?-ray data will be issued, probably at the end of the CRP
in [984, a consistent set of decay data of heavy elements will be available to the users. Regular updating, expansion and refinement will remain necessary.
1263
TABLE 4
Nuclides for which the 7-ray-emission probability requirements of users have not been satisfied
Accuracy % Work in progress or planned
Nuclide Required
233Th
2
I0-20 (*)
231Pa
2
5-10 (*)
233pa
0.5
232 u
2
233 u 234 u 235 u 236 u 238 u
237Np 238Np 239Np 236pu 238pu 239pu 240pu 241pu 242pu
AERE AERE, CBNM
I
5-10 (*)
I
10
2
10 2-5
5-10 (*)
(*)
I0 10
2
I0
AERE, INEL AERE AERE
15
2
AERE, INEL AERE, CBNM
I
0.5
AERE I
I
I
239 u
AERE, CBNM
I
2
2
30
I
2-5
(*)
LMRI
I
2-5
(*)
AERE, INEL, LMRI
I
2-5
(*)
INEL, LMRI
I
2-5
(*)
AERE
5
10
CBNM
241Am
I
2-3
243Cm
2
5-10 (*)
244Cm
I
245Cm
2
246Cm
(*)
Achieved
(*)
LMRI; 60 keV T ray: CBNM, IN-EL
I0 no experimental data available
Depending on the T-ray transitions considered.
REFERENCES Ellis, Y.A. (19761.
Data Sheets for A = 243.
Nuclear Data Sheets
19, 103;
Ellis, Y.A. (1977a).
Data Sheets for A - 230.
Nuclear Data Sheets
20, 139.
Ellis, Y.A. (1977b).
Data Sheets for A = 234.
Nuclear Data Sheets
21, 493.
Ellis, Y.A. (1977c).
Data Sheets for A - 238.
Nuclear Data Sheets
21, 549.
Ellis, Y.A. (1978a).
Data Sheets for A z 237.
Nuclear Data Sheets
23, 71.
Ellis, Y.A. (1978b).
Data Sheets for A - 241.
Nuclear Data Sheets
23, 123.
Ellis, Y.A. (1978c).
Data Sheets for A = 233.
Nuclear Data Sheets
24, 289.
Ellis, Y.A., and R.L. Haese (1977).
Data Sheets for A = 242.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 21, 615.
Ellis-Akovali, Y.A. (1981a).
Data Sheets for A = 243.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 33, 79.
Ellis-Akovali, Y.A. (1981b).
Data Sheets for A - 245.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 33, 119.
Horen, D.J. (19761.
Data Sheets for A - 228.
International Atomic Energy Agency (1976). IAEA, Vienna.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 17, 367.
Transactinium Isotope Nuclear Data.
IAF_%-186,
1264
International Atomic Energy Agency (1980). IAEA-TECDOC-232,
Transactinium Isotope Nuclear Data - 1979,
IAEA, Vienna.
Lederer, C.M., and V.S. Shirley (Edts.)
(1978).
Table of Isotopes, 7th Edition.
John Wiley and Sons, New York. Lorenz
A. (1978).
First Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement of Transactinium-
Isotope Nuclear Data. Lorenz, A. (1979).
INDC(NDS)-96/N,
IAEA, Vienna.
Second Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
of Transactinium-lsotope Nuclear Data. Lorenz
A. (1980).
of Transactinium-lsotope Lorenz
A. (1981).
A. (1982a).
Nuclear Data.
A. (1982b).
INDC(NDS)-IIS/NE,
IAEA, Vienna.
INDC(NDS)-I26/NE,
IAEA, Vienna.
Fifth Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
of Transactinium-lsotope Lorenz
IAEA, Vienna.
Fourth Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
of Transactinium-lsotope Nuclear Data. Lorenz
INDC(NDS)-I05/N,
Third Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
Nuclear Data.
INDC(NDS)-I38/GE,
IAEA, Vienna.
Proposed Recommended List of Heavy Element Radionuclide Decay Data.
INDC(NDS)-I39/NE,
IAEA, Vienna.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977a)
Data Sheets for A = 232.
Nuclear Data Sheets
20, 165.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977b)
Data Sheets for A = 236.
Nuclear Data Sheets
2o, ~92 20, 218.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977c)
Data Sheets for A = 240.
Nuclear Data Sheets
Schmorak, M.R. (1977d)
Data Sheets for A - 231.
Nuclear Data Sheets
2_[I, 91.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977e)
Data Sheets for A - 235.
Nuclear Data Sheets
21, ll7.
Data Sheets for A - 239.
Nuclear Data Sheets
2_[I, 153.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977f) Schmorak, M.R. (1981). Toth, K.S. (1978).
Data Sheets for A - 246-262 (even A).
Data Sheets for A - 229.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 32, 87.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 24, 263.
0020-708X/8353.00+O.OO Pergamon Press Lid
THE IAEA COORDINATED RESEARCH PROGRAMME ON THE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSACTINIUM-ISOTOPE
NUCLEAR DECAY DATA
R. Vaninbroukx Commission of the European Communities, JRC Geel Establishment Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements,
Steenweg op Retie, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
ABSTRACT In 1977 the Nuclear Data Section of the Atomic Energy Agency organized a Coordinated Research Programme on the Measurement and Evaluation of Transactinium-lsotope Data.
Nuclear Decay
The objectives of the Coordinated Research Programme, its organization,
the achie-
vements and the ongoing work are reported.
INTRODUCTION By the development of nuclear science-and technology the need for accurate neutron and nuclear-decay data of heavy elements has been increasingly recognized.
In the past it
became obvious that for a large number of data the achieved accuracies were not adequate to meet the requirements.
Consequently,
the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA),
convened in 1975 and 1979, at Karlsruhe and Cadarache respectively,
Advisory Group Meetings
on Transactinium-lsotope Nuclear Data (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1976, 1980). At these meetings users and producers were brought together to assess the requirements for these data, to review their status and to formulate recolmnendations and measures for the coordination of future work.
In response to one of the recommendations formulated at the
Karlsruhe meeting, the IAEA Nuclear Data Section organized in 1977 a Coordinated Research Progra=~e (CRP) on the measurement and evaluation of transactinium-isotope nuclear-decay data.
COMPOSITION AND OBJECTIVES Five laboratories experienced in decay-data measurements agreed to participate in the CRP: Laboratoire de M~trologie des Rayonnements lonisants, LMRI, France,
represented by
J. Legrand (temporary substitutes G. Malet and F. Lagoutine), Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, JAERI, Japan, represented by H. Umezawa, Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, AERE, United Kingdom, represented by A.J. Fudge, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, INEL, United States of America, represented by C.W. Reich, CEC-JRC, Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements, CBNM, represented by R. Vaninbroukx. The progran~ne is coordinated by A. Lorenz of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section.
In addition
K. Debertin of PTB, Braunschweig, GFR; W.B. Ewbank of ORNL, Oak Ridge, US; V.M. Kulakov of the Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute, USSR; and A.L. Nichols of AEE, Winfrith, UK; participated as observers at some of the meetings. achieved work. 1259
They contributed appreciably to the
1260
At the first meeting of the participants in the CRY, held in April 1978 in Vienna (Lorenz, 1978), the objectives were discussed.
The main objective is to arrive at a consistent set
of decay data which satisfies the required accuracies.
To achieve that purpose it was
agreed to review regularly the status of existing data in order to agree on the priority of required measurements, to discuss the areas of possible cooperation between the participating laboratories, to coordinate the extension of ongoing and the initiation of new measurements, and to intercompare the results obtained at various laboratories.
In particu-
lar, the participants would perform measurements and evaluations of total and partial half lives and a-particle and 7-ray emission probabilities.
Originally, the CRY only considered
data of transactinium nuclides (Z > 90), but soon it became obvious that data of lower-Z nuclides, pertaining to the decay chains of the transactinium nuclides, had to be included. To monitor the progress, to discuss the obtained results and to adapt future work, subsequent annual meetings have been held (Lorenz, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982a).
ACHIEVEMENTS For several decay data the required accuracies were not satisfied at the time of the Karlsruhe- and Cadarache-Advisory Group Meetings.
The various laboratories participating
in the CRP contributed to the improvement of the status by carrying out decay-data measuremerits. The most important measurements which are completed or in advanced progress are summarized in Table I.
TABLE I
The results will be available before the end of the CRP in 1984.
Measurements carried out by the par=icipatin$ laboratories
Decay parameters Total half lives
Nuclides
Laboratories
237pu
JAERI
241pu
AERE, CBNM
242Cm
JAERI
252Cf
LMRI
Spontaneous-fission half lives
240pu
CBNM
242Cm
JAERI
Alpha-particle-emission probabilities
224Ra
CBNM
238pu
CBNM
Ga~Ina-ray-emission
228Th daughters 231pa
CBNM, INEL
probabilities
~%ER.E
233pa
INEL
235U-231Th
AERE, CBNM, INEL AERE, CBNM
237Np-233pa 237 U 238pu
AERE
239pu
AERE, INEL, LMRI
240pu
AERE, INEL, LMRI
241pu 242pu 241Am
AERE, CBNM, LMRI
AERE, LMRI CBNM LMRI; 60 keV ? ray: CBNM, INEL
1261
To fulfil the main objective of the CRP, i.e. the establishment of a consistent set of decay data, the effort was directed to the preparation of lists of recommended data in addition to the measurements.
During the first two years, and at the first two meetings, the work
was mainly restricted to the preparation of a list of half lives for 40 nuclides ranging from 228Th to 253Es.
In =he following years the list was updated and expanded.
recent half-lives list issued (Lorenz,
The most
1982b) contains information on total and partial
half lives for 125 nuclides ranging from 206Hg to 253Es and pertaining to the important actinide decay chains.
The data compiled in this list are the resul~of a critical apprais-
al of the current status of heavy-nuclide half lives by the members of the CRP. (I)
An important input to it is obtained from the following existing decay-data files: ENSDF,
the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File evaluated by the international Nuclear
Structure and Decay Data network.
The printed versions of this file are the Nuclear
Data Sheets; (2)
The actinide data file of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory which serves as the source file for the decay-data part of the ENDF/B compilation;
(3)
The UK Chemical Nuclear Data Committee Heavy Element Decay Data File, evaluated at the AEE Winfrith laboratory.
Whenever warranted, evaluated values. requirements.
the data have been supplemented or superseded by recently measured or With a few exceptions the half-life values listed fulfil the present
These exceptions are listed in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Nuclides for which the half-life requirements have not yet been met
Nuclide
Accuracy %
Required half life
Comments Required
Achieved
229Th
Total
I
2
232 U
Total
0.5
1.4
236Np
Total
5
10
Spont. fission Spont. fission Total
!
3
2
3.5
0.5
1.4
238pu 240pu 241pu 241pu
Alpha
!
2
242Amm
Total
!
4.8
242Amm
2
38
3
10
246Cm
Spont. fission Spont. fission Total
!
2
252Cf
Total
0.2
0.4
242Cm
Required accuracy is questionable Work in progress: AERE
Work in progress: AERE, CBNM
ONGOING EVALUATION WORK During the last two years, part of the effort was directed to the preparation of lists of recommended data for a-particle and 7-ray energies and emission probabilities. This effort will be intensified till the end of the CRP next year. In a first attempt provisional lists of a-particle and ?-ray data are presented in the IAEA report prepared by Lorenz (19825).
1262
Generally, the data given in that report are based on the values published in the Nuclear Data Sheets (Ellis, Horen,
1976, 1977a-c,
1976; Schmorak,
1978 a-c; Ellis and Haese,
1977 a-f, I981; Toth,
from the Table of Isotopes, 7th Edition (Lederer and Shirley, current status of the published evaluated data. most prominent transitions of 24
1977; Ellis-Akovali,
1981 a-b;
1978), supplemented when warranted by values 1978).
They represent the
The provisional lists contain data for the
radionuclides ranging from 228Th to 252Cf for
Z-particle data, and 26 from 228Th to ZdbCm for ?-ray data.
Recommended data will replace
these provisional values after evaluations of new and ongoing measurements have been completed by the CRP participants.
The important requirements for a-particle and ?-ray emis-
sion probabilities which are not yet satisfied are summarized in Tables 3 and 4, respectively
TABLE 3
Nuclides for which the a-particle-emission probability requirements of users have not been satisfied
Nuclide
Accuracy % Required
Achieved
234 U 235 U 236 U 238 U
4
(*)
I0
5-
l0 (*)
5-
20
(*)
2O
AERE, CBNM
[ - 2
240pu
(*)
AERE, CBNM
5-
237Np 239pu
Work in progress or planned
(*)
AERE, LMRI Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
3
243Cm
2-
245Cm
0.5 - 5
(*)
246Cm
[ - 5
(*)
I0 (*)
Depending on the a-particle transitions considered.
In preparing the 7-ray-data list, it became clear that some of the inconsistencies between reported data are due to the use of different decay data for the radionuclides used for the efficiency calibration of the ?-ray detectors.
To solve that problem a list of recommended
data for the commonly used calibration radionuclides is also being prepared. The establishment of such a list is a time-consuming job and can hardly be performed by a small group like this ClIP alone, and would perhaps fit better into the activities of bodies like ICRM.
CONCLUSIONS The IAEA Coordinated Research Progra=me on the Measurement and Evaluation of TransactinimnIsotope Nuclear Data accomplished up to now a part of its original objective.
The partici-
pants have critically evaluated the experimental feasibility of reaching the accuracy requirements, and lists of recommended decay data were prepared or are in preparation. The experience in nuclear-decay-data measurements of the participants and their access to and familiarity with several existing decay-data files were essential for the work to be done.
When the a-particle and ?-ray data will be issued, probably at the end of the CRP
in [984, a consistent set of decay data of heavy elements will be available to the users. Regular updating, expansion and refinement will remain necessary.
1263
TABLE 4
Nuclides for which the 7-ray-emission probability requirements of users have not been satisfied
Accuracy % Work in progress or planned
Nuclide Required
233Th
2
I0-20 (*)
231Pa
2
5-10 (*)
233pa
0.5
232 u
2
233 u 234 u 235 u 236 u 238 u
237Np 238Np 239Np 236pu 238pu 239pu 240pu 241pu 242pu
AERE AERE, CBNM
I
5-10 (*)
I
10
2
10 2-5
5-10 (*)
(*)
I0 10
2
I0
AERE, INEL AERE AERE
15
2
AERE, INEL AERE, CBNM
I
0.5
AERE I
I
I
239 u
AERE, CBNM
I
2
2
30
I
2-5
(*)
LMRI
I
2-5
(*)
AERE, INEL, LMRI
I
2-5
(*)
INEL, LMRI
I
2-5
(*)
AERE
5
10
CBNM
241Am
I
2-3
243Cm
2
5-10 (*)
244Cm
I
245Cm
2
246Cm
(*)
Achieved
(*)
LMRI; 60 keV T ray: CBNM, IN-EL
I0 no experimental data available
Depending on the T-ray transitions considered.
REFERENCES Ellis, Y.A. (19761.
Data Sheets for A = 243.
Nuclear Data Sheets
19, 103;
Ellis, Y.A. (1977a).
Data Sheets for A - 230.
Nuclear Data Sheets
20, 139.
Ellis, Y.A. (1977b).
Data Sheets for A = 234.
Nuclear Data Sheets
21, 493.
Ellis, Y.A. (1977c).
Data Sheets for A - 238.
Nuclear Data Sheets
21, 549.
Ellis, Y.A. (1978a).
Data Sheets for A z 237.
Nuclear Data Sheets
23, 71.
Ellis, Y.A. (1978b).
Data Sheets for A - 241.
Nuclear Data Sheets
23, 123.
Ellis, Y.A. (1978c).
Data Sheets for A = 233.
Nuclear Data Sheets
24, 289.
Ellis, Y.A., and R.L. Haese (1977).
Data Sheets for A = 242.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 21, 615.
Ellis-Akovali, Y.A. (1981a).
Data Sheets for A = 243.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 33, 79.
Ellis-Akovali, Y.A. (1981b).
Data Sheets for A - 245.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 33, 119.
Horen, D.J. (19761.
Data Sheets for A - 228.
International Atomic Energy Agency (1976). IAEA, Vienna.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 17, 367.
Transactinium Isotope Nuclear Data.
IAF_%-186,
1264
International Atomic Energy Agency (1980). IAEA-TECDOC-232,
Transactinium Isotope Nuclear Data - 1979,
IAEA, Vienna.
Lederer, C.M., and V.S. Shirley (Edts.)
(1978).
Table of Isotopes, 7th Edition.
John Wiley and Sons, New York. Lorenz
A. (1978).
First Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement of Transactinium-
Isotope Nuclear Data. Lorenz, A. (1979).
INDC(NDS)-96/N,
IAEA, Vienna.
Second Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
of Transactinium-lsotope Nuclear Data. Lorenz
A. (1980).
of Transactinium-lsotope Lorenz
A. (1981).
A. (1982a).
Nuclear Data.
A. (1982b).
INDC(NDS)-IIS/NE,
IAEA, Vienna.
INDC(NDS)-I26/NE,
IAEA, Vienna.
Fifth Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
of Transactinium-lsotope Lorenz
IAEA, Vienna.
Fourth Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
of Transactinium-lsotope Nuclear Data. Lorenz
INDC(NDS)-I05/N,
Third Coordinated Research Meeting on the Measurement and Evaluation
Nuclear Data.
INDC(NDS)-I38/GE,
IAEA, Vienna.
Proposed Recommended List of Heavy Element Radionuclide Decay Data.
INDC(NDS)-I39/NE,
IAEA, Vienna.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977a)
Data Sheets for A = 232.
Nuclear Data Sheets
20, 165.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977b)
Data Sheets for A = 236.
Nuclear Data Sheets
2o, ~92 20, 218.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977c)
Data Sheets for A = 240.
Nuclear Data Sheets
Schmorak, M.R. (1977d)
Data Sheets for A - 231.
Nuclear Data Sheets
2_[I, 91.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977e)
Data Sheets for A - 235.
Nuclear Data Sheets
21, ll7.
Data Sheets for A - 239.
Nuclear Data Sheets
2_[I, 153.
Schmorak, M.R. (1977f) Schmorak, M.R. (1981). Toth, K.S. (1978).
Data Sheets for A - 246-262 (even A).
Data Sheets for A - 229.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 32, 87.
Nuclear Data Sheets, 24, 263.