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The morphology and distribution of CD1a positive Langerhans cells in normal and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
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Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65S (2016) S1–S97
Conclusion: Calcification of the costal cartilage has consequences for thoracic biomechanics and lead to restriction in chest expansion which may be a contributor of restrictive lung disease. Earlier detection may help in taking proper precautionary measures.
242 Angiographic analysis of left gastric artery variations Garima Sehgal ∗ , P.K. Sharma, K. Navneet, A.K. Srivastava
Conflicts of interest King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow, India The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.248 241 Transabdominal sonographic quantitative analysis of the fetal cardiac length in third trimester of gestation Sikandarbanu N. Yerolavi ∗ , M. Natarajan Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India Aims and objectives: Antenatal ultrasonography is noninvasive and done on routine basis in our institution. A four chamber view of the fetal heart is done as a part of regular sonographic examination of the fetus. Most cases of congenital heart disease are of structural rather than functional origin. Aim of the study was to determine cardiac length (major longitudinal diameter) of the fetal heart during the third trimester of pregnancy. To evaluate the relationship between fetal heart dimensions obtained from sonography (cardiac length) and gestational age (weeks), biparietal diameter (mm), femur length (mm) and abdominal circumference Material and methods: The fetal heart was studied with transabdominal sonography in 132 single normal pregnancies in third trimester. Measurement of cardiac length (longitudinal diameter) of the heart was taken. Gestational age was assessed by fetal parameters that are biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference as per the norms in one of the Mumbai’s medical teaching institute and tertiary care centre. Results: The linear increase of the fetal heart shows a strong and significant correlation with the increase of biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference. Relationships between the cardiac data and fetal age, biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference were explored by allometry and linear regression analysis in order to estimate cardiac growth rates during third trimester. Conclusion: This study verified that the heart grows very rapidly during the third trimester (positive allometry). This suggests that noninvasive analysis of cardiac data can be useful for the assessment of gestational age or for prenatal detection of congenital heart disease. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.249
Aims and objectives: Left gastric artery is the largest artery supplying the stomach. It arises in about 90% of cases from the celiac trunk. Authors have reported it as arising independently, from abdominal aorta or from left hepatic artery. Such variations in the artery can be of major surgical significance. The objective of our study was to analyse the variations of left gastric artery as the knowledge of anatomic vascular abnormalities of the left gastric artery surgery is of greater importance than ever in modern day laparoscopic surgery. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 80 subjects, males as well as females; in the age group 2–78 years, who visited the Department of Radiodiagnosis, KGMU, for CT angiography investigation due to various reasons. CT angiograms of these subjects were analysed retrospectively for presence of variations in the left gastric artery. All observed variations were grouped and tabulated. Results: Out of 80 subjects, left gastric artery originated as a branch of celiac artery in 88.75% (71 subjects), whereas, it was a branch of abdominal aorta in 11.25% (9 subjects). Single left gastric artery was seen in 97.5% subjects, while, 2.5% subjects displayed double left gastric artery. In both cases showing double LGAs; the accessory artery was a branch of left hepatic artery. Conclusion: Precise knowledge of such vascular variations enables the surgeons to successfully accomplish abdominal interventions and avoid catastrophic complications. It also facilitates a proper radiological presurgical evaluation of upper abdomen, endovascular procedure and effective chemoembolization. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.250 243 The morphology and distribution of CD1a positive Langerhans cells in normal and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix Mohana Priya 1,∗ , A.E. Dorairaj 2 , R. Kumar 3 , V. Jeyaseelan 4 , J. Suganthy 5 1
Department of Anatomy, Annapoorana Medical College, Salem, India 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India 3 Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India 4 Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India 5 Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India Aims and objectives: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. Langerhans cells (LCs), a type of antigen presenting cells play an important role in host anti-cancer immune response. Aim was to study the morphology and distribu-
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65S (2016) S1–S97
tion of CD1a positive Langerhans cells in normal and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervix using immunohistochemistry. Material and methods: After getting informed consent, 22 normal and 11 SCC ectocervical tissues were obtained from women who underwent hysterectomy. Tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry and stained with mouse monoclonal anti-human CD1a antibody. The morphology and distribution of the CD1a positive LCs were studied under light microscope. The number of LCs were counted per 25 mm length of ectocervical epithelium and compared between normal and squamous cell carcinoma groups using the Mann Whitney U test. The diameters of hundred LCs were measured per sample and their mean diameters were compared between the two groups using the Student independent “t” test. Results: Regional variation was present in the distribution of LCs. The mean number of LCs was significantly higher in the normal cervix (8 ± 2.76) compared to that of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (5.36 ± 2.88) (p = 0.006). The mean diameter of LCs was significantly higher in the normal cervix (8.57 ± 1.81 m) compared to SCC (8.28 ± 2.04 m) (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The decreased number of LCs in the ectocervical epithelium of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix could be due to suppressed host immune response. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.251 244 Morphometric and histological characterization of saphenous vein, radial artery and coronary arteries: Application in coronary artery bypass grafts Amandeep Kaur ∗ , R. Goyal, T. Gupta, A. Aggarwal, D. Sahni PGIMER, Chandigarh, India Aims and objectives: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a surgical procedure for myocardial revascularization in coronary artery diseases. saphenous vein (SV), radial artery (RA) and various other arteries are used for bypass grafting. SV is largest and is most commonly used for CABG. RA is second arterial conduit after internal thoracic artery. Aim of present study was to compare the histological condition of SV and RA in comparison to coronary arteries of the same person. Material and methods: Present study was performed on 15 cadavers (30 sides). Sections of SV, RA and left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA) were harvested from same cadaver. Tissue section were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for paraffin sections. 5 m thick sections were obtained, deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated in descending grades of ethanol and brought to water. Slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to observe the histological structure. Results and conclusion: Five cases showed mild intimal thickening of coronary arteries. In these cases, SV and RA also presented either intimal proliferation or internal elastic lamina splitting. In two cases coronary arteries, RA and SV showed uniformly thickened intima and splitting of internal elastic lamina. In one of these cases, LAD had plaque while SV have predominant smooth muscle cells in tunica media.
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Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.252 245 Histology and morphometry of ulnar artery, inferior epigastric artery and coronary arteries – Implication for coronary artery bypass grafting Jyoti Rajput ∗ , A. Randhawa, T. Gupta, A. Aggarwal, D. Sahni Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Aims and objectives: Internal thoracic artery and great saphenous vein are being commonly used these days for myocardial revascularization during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In the instances where these vessels are unsuitable for the procedure, other arteries viz. radial artery, inferior epigastric artery (IEA), ulnar artery (UA) and gastroepiploic artery can be used. Knowledge of histological structure of these vessels is important to predict the long term patency rates of the arterial grafts. Present study was planned to compare the histology of coronary arteries with that of IEA and UA in the same case. The knowledge might aid to determine the suitability of these arterial grafts during CABG. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 15 cadavers (30 sides). In each case, the sections of left circumflex coronary artery (LCx), left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery, IEA and UA were obtained from the same cadaver. Tissue sections were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h and processed for paraffin section. 5 m thick sections were obtained, deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated in descending grades of ethanol and run under water. Slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to observe the histological structure. Results and conclusion: In two cases, coronary arteries exhibited varying degrees of intimal proliferation with intimal plaques. In these cases UA’s also showed intimal proliferation and splitting of tunica media, whereas IEA’s were normal. One case had normal intima in all the coronary arteries as well as in the UA and IEA. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.253 246 Indian berry stain: An alternative staining method for nervous tissue Vasudha Kulkarni ∗ , B.R. Ramesh Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Aims and objectives: There is intermittent and repeated shortage of hematoxylin in the biomedical laboratories. Further, staining of nervous tissue with hematoxylin and eosin stain cannot demonstrate all the nervous components like myelin sheath, Nissl granules, etc. Nervous tissue components can be better appreciated using special staining technique such as Roman Y Cajal stain, Golgi staining, various neurohistochemistry techniques. All these techniques are expensive. Hence, there is a need for cost effective substitute stain to these techniques.
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65S (2016) S1–S97
Conclusion: Calcification of the costal cartilage has consequences for thoracic biomechanics and lead to restriction in chest expansion which may be a contributor of restrictive lung disease. Earlier detection may help in taking proper precautionary measures.
242 Angiographic analysis of left gastric artery variations Garima Sehgal ∗ , P.K. Sharma, K. Navneet, A.K. Srivastava
Conflicts of interest King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow, India The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.248 241 Transabdominal sonographic quantitative analysis of the fetal cardiac length in third trimester of gestation Sikandarbanu N. Yerolavi ∗ , M. Natarajan Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India Aims and objectives: Antenatal ultrasonography is noninvasive and done on routine basis in our institution. A four chamber view of the fetal heart is done as a part of regular sonographic examination of the fetus. Most cases of congenital heart disease are of structural rather than functional origin. Aim of the study was to determine cardiac length (major longitudinal diameter) of the fetal heart during the third trimester of pregnancy. To evaluate the relationship between fetal heart dimensions obtained from sonography (cardiac length) and gestational age (weeks), biparietal diameter (mm), femur length (mm) and abdominal circumference Material and methods: The fetal heart was studied with transabdominal sonography in 132 single normal pregnancies in third trimester. Measurement of cardiac length (longitudinal diameter) of the heart was taken. Gestational age was assessed by fetal parameters that are biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference as per the norms in one of the Mumbai’s medical teaching institute and tertiary care centre. Results: The linear increase of the fetal heart shows a strong and significant correlation with the increase of biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference. Relationships between the cardiac data and fetal age, biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference were explored by allometry and linear regression analysis in order to estimate cardiac growth rates during third trimester. Conclusion: This study verified that the heart grows very rapidly during the third trimester (positive allometry). This suggests that noninvasive analysis of cardiac data can be useful for the assessment of gestational age or for prenatal detection of congenital heart disease. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.249
Aims and objectives: Left gastric artery is the largest artery supplying the stomach. It arises in about 90% of cases from the celiac trunk. Authors have reported it as arising independently, from abdominal aorta or from left hepatic artery. Such variations in the artery can be of major surgical significance. The objective of our study was to analyse the variations of left gastric artery as the knowledge of anatomic vascular abnormalities of the left gastric artery surgery is of greater importance than ever in modern day laparoscopic surgery. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 80 subjects, males as well as females; in the age group 2–78 years, who visited the Department of Radiodiagnosis, KGMU, for CT angiography investigation due to various reasons. CT angiograms of these subjects were analysed retrospectively for presence of variations in the left gastric artery. All observed variations were grouped and tabulated. Results: Out of 80 subjects, left gastric artery originated as a branch of celiac artery in 88.75% (71 subjects), whereas, it was a branch of abdominal aorta in 11.25% (9 subjects). Single left gastric artery was seen in 97.5% subjects, while, 2.5% subjects displayed double left gastric artery. In both cases showing double LGAs; the accessory artery was a branch of left hepatic artery. Conclusion: Precise knowledge of such vascular variations enables the surgeons to successfully accomplish abdominal interventions and avoid catastrophic complications. It also facilitates a proper radiological presurgical evaluation of upper abdomen, endovascular procedure and effective chemoembolization. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.250 243 The morphology and distribution of CD1a positive Langerhans cells in normal and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix Mohana Priya 1,∗ , A.E. Dorairaj 2 , R. Kumar 3 , V. Jeyaseelan 4 , J. Suganthy 5 1
Department of Anatomy, Annapoorana Medical College, Salem, India 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India 3 Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India 4 Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India 5 Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, India Aims and objectives: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. Langerhans cells (LCs), a type of antigen presenting cells play an important role in host anti-cancer immune response. Aim was to study the morphology and distribu-
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65S (2016) S1–S97
tion of CD1a positive Langerhans cells in normal and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervix using immunohistochemistry. Material and methods: After getting informed consent, 22 normal and 11 SCC ectocervical tissues were obtained from women who underwent hysterectomy. Tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry and stained with mouse monoclonal anti-human CD1a antibody. The morphology and distribution of the CD1a positive LCs were studied under light microscope. The number of LCs were counted per 25 mm length of ectocervical epithelium and compared between normal and squamous cell carcinoma groups using the Mann Whitney U test. The diameters of hundred LCs were measured per sample and their mean diameters were compared between the two groups using the Student independent “t” test. Results: Regional variation was present in the distribution of LCs. The mean number of LCs was significantly higher in the normal cervix (8 ± 2.76) compared to that of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (5.36 ± 2.88) (p = 0.006). The mean diameter of LCs was significantly higher in the normal cervix (8.57 ± 1.81 m) compared to SCC (8.28 ± 2.04 m) (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The decreased number of LCs in the ectocervical epithelium of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix could be due to suppressed host immune response. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.251 244 Morphometric and histological characterization of saphenous vein, radial artery and coronary arteries: Application in coronary artery bypass grafts Amandeep Kaur ∗ , R. Goyal, T. Gupta, A. Aggarwal, D. Sahni PGIMER, Chandigarh, India Aims and objectives: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a surgical procedure for myocardial revascularization in coronary artery diseases. saphenous vein (SV), radial artery (RA) and various other arteries are used for bypass grafting. SV is largest and is most commonly used for CABG. RA is second arterial conduit after internal thoracic artery. Aim of present study was to compare the histological condition of SV and RA in comparison to coronary arteries of the same person. Material and methods: Present study was performed on 15 cadavers (30 sides). Sections of SV, RA and left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA) were harvested from same cadaver. Tissue section were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for paraffin sections. 5 m thick sections were obtained, deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated in descending grades of ethanol and brought to water. Slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to observe the histological structure. Results and conclusion: Five cases showed mild intimal thickening of coronary arteries. In these cases, SV and RA also presented either intimal proliferation or internal elastic lamina splitting. In two cases coronary arteries, RA and SV showed uniformly thickened intima and splitting of internal elastic lamina. In one of these cases, LAD had plaque while SV have predominant smooth muscle cells in tunica media.
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Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.252 245 Histology and morphometry of ulnar artery, inferior epigastric artery and coronary arteries – Implication for coronary artery bypass grafting Jyoti Rajput ∗ , A. Randhawa, T. Gupta, A. Aggarwal, D. Sahni Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Aims and objectives: Internal thoracic artery and great saphenous vein are being commonly used these days for myocardial revascularization during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In the instances where these vessels are unsuitable for the procedure, other arteries viz. radial artery, inferior epigastric artery (IEA), ulnar artery (UA) and gastroepiploic artery can be used. Knowledge of histological structure of these vessels is important to predict the long term patency rates of the arterial grafts. Present study was planned to compare the histology of coronary arteries with that of IEA and UA in the same case. The knowledge might aid to determine the suitability of these arterial grafts during CABG. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 15 cadavers (30 sides). In each case, the sections of left circumflex coronary artery (LCx), left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery, IEA and UA were obtained from the same cadaver. Tissue sections were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 h and processed for paraffin section. 5 m thick sections were obtained, deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated in descending grades of ethanol and run under water. Slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to observe the histological structure. Results and conclusion: In two cases, coronary arteries exhibited varying degrees of intimal proliferation with intimal plaques. In these cases UA’s also showed intimal proliferation and splitting of tunica media, whereas IEA’s were normal. One case had normal intima in all the coronary arteries as well as in the UA and IEA. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.253 246 Indian berry stain: An alternative staining method for nervous tissue Vasudha Kulkarni ∗ , B.R. Ramesh Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Aims and objectives: There is intermittent and repeated shortage of hematoxylin in the biomedical laboratories. Further, staining of nervous tissue with hematoxylin and eosin stain cannot demonstrate all the nervous components like myelin sheath, Nissl granules, etc. Nervous tissue components can be better appreciated using special staining technique such as Roman Y Cajal stain, Golgi staining, various neurohistochemistry techniques. All these techniques are expensive. Hence, there is a need for cost effective substitute stain to these techniques.