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The new Australian tunnelling system
60A
an outburst as a means of restoring balanced conditions. Practical examples of safety measures include mechanical barriers, pre-drilling, relaxation and avoidance of personnel on the face. 565 CLEASBY, JV PEARSE, GE GRIEVES, M Shaft sinking at Boulby mine, Clevela~ Potash Ltd. 27F, 2T, 2R. IM~ BULL.TRANS.A, V84, N818, JAN. 1975, P.A7-A28. Permission to construct a mine and plant for the processing of potash ore in the North Yorkshire National Park, was given in 1968, arzl miming amd processimg of potash is now carried out. A twin-shaft system was sunk to aplm~OX~mqtely llSOm depth through weak grotmd, plastic-type strata, and t h r o ~ 300m of heavily water b e a r i ~ Bunter Sandstone. The two different methods used to overeeme the high water pressures encountered in the Bunter Samdstone are described in detail. In addition, a general description of the shaft-sinklng is given, together with the reasons for the various methods omployed.
566 BUDAVARI, S UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALES, AUS Rock mechanics aspects of the design of underground mine warklngs. 8F, 26R. AUSTRAL.MIN.V66, NI0, OCT. 1974, P15-27. This paper discusses the increasing role of rock mechanics in the design of underground workir~s, amd includes a review of the general process of design with established methods. The practical applications of various design techniques are outlined and an appraisal of their potential values is attempted. A brief discussion of such factors as geological conditions, rock properties and mining considerations is included.
567 CHIRONIS, NP In West Virginia hills its haulback mining all the way. Figs. COAL AGE,V79, Nll, NOV. 1974, B50-64. This article describes the technique of haulback mining used in the hills of West Virginia and includes diagrams to illustrate the sequence of mining, regradirg details and details of operation.
568 LIBBY, DJ SMITH, JD Development af a sub-level mining method with delayed pillar recovery at Sherritts Fox mine, Manitoba. 9F. IMM BULL. TRANS. A, V84, N818, JAN. 1975, P. A40-A46. Multi-anchor borehole extensometers are used to make irr sltu measurements of lateral pressures exerted as fill fences and bulkheads. A pillar mining method has been developed based on the structural stability of cemented railings backfill and monitoring of pillar stress buildup during recovery operations. This method is discussed amd the procedure for calculating the safe height of unsuplxrted backfill and the stress build-up on the pillars is presented.
Tunnels See also abstract: 577. 569
MOR.~M-~.T,RJ LARSON, DA Tunnel boring technology.Disc cutter experiments in metamorphic and igneous rocks.Relx~rt.25R. US BUR.MINES, RI 7961,1974, 50P. Bureau of Mines labaratc~y experiments with reduced scale
cutter and cutter forces were performed to define the fundamental relationships governing disc cutter perf~mance and to develop a method of predicting disc cutter performance in soft, medium, and hard r.ocks. The rock cutting experiments were performed in four igneous and metamorphic rocks that ranged in compressive stremghh from 38,000 to 67,000 psi. A special testing machine called a linear cutter apparatus was used to load and traverse a free rolling disc cutter across a smooth rock surface. The soft and medium rock data were obtained from previous Bureau exp~Iments with disc cutters. Crater depth, tangential cutter force, crater vol~ne, specific energy versus normal cutter force, and crater width versus depth are defined within this study. With the use of standared physical prOl~ erties, performance prediction equations were developed using stepwise linear regression analysis techniques. A method Of using these prediction equations to calculate the boring rate, the cutter spacing, and the torque and energy requirements of a full-scale baring machine was also developed. 57O REUTER, G KRAMER, J The new Austrian turmellirg system.-In German. 3F. GLUCKAUF, Vlll, N2, JAN. 1975, I>70-72.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 571 SAVICH, AI Investigations of natural stresses in rock masses by seismic-acoustic methods. In Rock f ~ i o n s of hydraulic str~_ctures. In Russian. 4F, IT,12R. PROC. HYDROPROJ. INST. MOSCOW, V33,1974, P123-133. The paper presents a new method and results of the natural stress state in a mass of limestone by seismic-acoustic methods based on the generalized relationship between the elastic waves propagation velocity and the pressure as obtained on rock samples and in field teats. Auth. 572 PAI//S,K An attempt to determine the stress increase in the neighbourhood of mine workings by the static method. In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK.AKAD. GORN. HUTN. IM STANISL. STASZ. N366,1973, P55-65. The authar has attempted to construct a mathematical model of the dimensionless stress index and to evaluate its application to natural conditions on the basis of the measurement of the following data: roof convergence, support pressure, frequency of seismo-acoustic signals. The method of using the model is described. Two states, norreal and critical, are defined and their meaning in practical terms is described. 573 KRAWIEC,A Continuous deformations of the rockmass and the danger of b~mplmg and caving.In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK.AKAD.GGRN. HUTN. IM STANISL. N366,1973, P67-76 • New ideas on the distribution of stresses in the folded rockmass are presented, and theory is compared with data obtained in mining practice. Agreement is shown particularly in relation to stress distribution in zones of maximmm danger of b~mps and caving in the folded roakmass. 574 WALASZCZYK, J The n~nerical determlr~tlon of the state of stress in the rockmass in the vicinity of working faces. In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK. AKAD. GORN. HUTN. IM STANISL. N366,1974, P85 -96 • The use of finite element analysis for the solution of mining-geologlcal problems has been shown to be a method capable of considerable accuracy. Its application is illustrated in this paper.
an outburst as a means of restoring balanced conditions. Practical examples of safety measures include mechanical barriers, pre-drilling, relaxation and avoidance of personnel on the face. 565 CLEASBY, JV PEARSE, GE GRIEVES, M Shaft sinking at Boulby mine, Clevela~ Potash Ltd. 27F, 2T, 2R. IM~ BULL.TRANS.A, V84, N818, JAN. 1975, P.A7-A28. Permission to construct a mine and plant for the processing of potash ore in the North Yorkshire National Park, was given in 1968, arzl miming amd processimg of potash is now carried out. A twin-shaft system was sunk to aplm~OX~mqtely llSOm depth through weak grotmd, plastic-type strata, and t h r o ~ 300m of heavily water b e a r i ~ Bunter Sandstone. The two different methods used to overeeme the high water pressures encountered in the Bunter Samdstone are described in detail. In addition, a general description of the shaft-sinklng is given, together with the reasons for the various methods omployed.
566 BUDAVARI, S UNIV.NEW SOUTH WALES, AUS Rock mechanics aspects of the design of underground mine warklngs. 8F, 26R. AUSTRAL.MIN.V66, NI0, OCT. 1974, P15-27. This paper discusses the increasing role of rock mechanics in the design of underground workir~s, amd includes a review of the general process of design with established methods. The practical applications of various design techniques are outlined and an appraisal of their potential values is attempted. A brief discussion of such factors as geological conditions, rock properties and mining considerations is included.
567 CHIRONIS, NP In West Virginia hills its haulback mining all the way. Figs. COAL AGE,V79, Nll, NOV. 1974, B50-64. This article describes the technique of haulback mining used in the hills of West Virginia and includes diagrams to illustrate the sequence of mining, regradirg details and details of operation.
568 LIBBY, DJ SMITH, JD Development af a sub-level mining method with delayed pillar recovery at Sherritts Fox mine, Manitoba. 9F. IMM BULL. TRANS. A, V84, N818, JAN. 1975, P. A40-A46. Multi-anchor borehole extensometers are used to make irr sltu measurements of lateral pressures exerted as fill fences and bulkheads. A pillar mining method has been developed based on the structural stability of cemented railings backfill and monitoring of pillar stress buildup during recovery operations. This method is discussed amd the procedure for calculating the safe height of unsuplxrted backfill and the stress build-up on the pillars is presented.
Tunnels See also abstract: 577. 569
MOR.~M-~.T,RJ LARSON, DA Tunnel boring technology.Disc cutter experiments in metamorphic and igneous rocks.Relx~rt.25R. US BUR.MINES, RI 7961,1974, 50P. Bureau of Mines labaratc~y experiments with reduced scale
cutter and cutter forces were performed to define the fundamental relationships governing disc cutter perf~mance and to develop a method of predicting disc cutter performance in soft, medium, and hard r.ocks. The rock cutting experiments were performed in four igneous and metamorphic rocks that ranged in compressive stremghh from 38,000 to 67,000 psi. A special testing machine called a linear cutter apparatus was used to load and traverse a free rolling disc cutter across a smooth rock surface. The soft and medium rock data were obtained from previous Bureau exp~Iments with disc cutters. Crater depth, tangential cutter force, crater vol~ne, specific energy versus normal cutter force, and crater width versus depth are defined within this study. With the use of standared physical prOl~ erties, performance prediction equations were developed using stepwise linear regression analysis techniques. A method Of using these prediction equations to calculate the boring rate, the cutter spacing, and the torque and energy requirements of a full-scale baring machine was also developed. 57O REUTER, G KRAMER, J The new Austrian turmellirg system.-In German. 3F. GLUCKAUF, Vlll, N2, JAN. 1975, I>70-72.
In-situ stresses in ground and stress around underground openings 571 SAVICH, AI Investigations of natural stresses in rock masses by seismic-acoustic methods. In Rock f ~ i o n s of hydraulic str~_ctures. In Russian. 4F, IT,12R. PROC. HYDROPROJ. INST. MOSCOW, V33,1974, P123-133. The paper presents a new method and results of the natural stress state in a mass of limestone by seismic-acoustic methods based on the generalized relationship between the elastic waves propagation velocity and the pressure as obtained on rock samples and in field teats. Auth. 572 PAI//S,K An attempt to determine the stress increase in the neighbourhood of mine workings by the static method. In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK.AKAD. GORN. HUTN. IM STANISL. STASZ. N366,1973, P55-65. The authar has attempted to construct a mathematical model of the dimensionless stress index and to evaluate its application to natural conditions on the basis of the measurement of the following data: roof convergence, support pressure, frequency of seismo-acoustic signals. The method of using the model is described. Two states, norreal and critical, are defined and their meaning in practical terms is described. 573 KRAWIEC,A Continuous deformations of the rockmass and the danger of b~mplmg and caving.In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK.AKAD.GGRN. HUTN. IM STANISL. N366,1973, P67-76 • New ideas on the distribution of stresses in the folded rockmass are presented, and theory is compared with data obtained in mining practice. Agreement is shown particularly in relation to stress distribution in zones of maximmm danger of b~mps and caving in the folded roakmass. 574 WALASZCZYK, J The n~nerical determlr~tlon of the state of stress in the rockmass in the vicinity of working faces. In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK. AKAD. GORN. HUTN. IM STANISL. N366,1974, P85 -96 • The use of finite element analysis for the solution of mining-geologlcal problems has been shown to be a method capable of considerable accuracy. Its application is illustrated in this paper.