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The Response of Turkey Poults to Virginiamycin in Diets Containing Various Levels of Supplemental Methionine1
The Response of Turkey Poults to Virginiamycin in Diets Containing Various Levels of Supplemental Methionine1 R. H. HARMS and R. D. MILES Poultry Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (Received for publication February 28, 1983)
1983 Poultry Science 62:1896-1898 INTRODUCTION
Virginiamycin is one of the newer antibiotics approved for use in animal feeds. Miles et al. (1981) reported that the addition of virginiamycin to the diet of broilers improved growth and feed efficiency, and in one of two experiments with laying hens egg production was significantly improved. Recently, Douglas et al. (1982) found that the addition of virginiamycin to the diet of replacement pullets decreased the amount of protein required per unit weight gain. Subsequently, Miles and Harms (unpublished) found that the addition of virginiamycin to the diet of broilers spared a portion of the requirement for sulfur amino acids. The turkey has a higher requirement for sulfur amino acids than the broiler or replacement pullet. Therefore, it seemed desirable to determine the response of the turkey poult to Virginiamycin in diets containing various levels of methionine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two experiments were conducted using day-old Nicholas Large White turkey poults. A corn-soybean meal basal was used (Table 1) that contained no supplemental choline and a sulfate-free trace mineral premix. At one day of age the poults were randomly assigned to pens in electrically heated Petersime batteries with
1 Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 4547.
raised wire floors. In each experiment, six replicate pens containing four males and four females were fed each experimental diet. The experimental diets and deionized water were offered ad libitum throughout the 21-day experimental period. In Experiment 1, a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. This involved 0, .06, and .12% supplemental DL-methionine. Each of these diets was fed with 0 or 22 ppm of virginiamycin. A 2 X 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in Experiment 2. This included supplemental DL-methionine levels of 0, .04, .08, and .12%. Each of these diets was fed with 0 or 22 ppm of virginiamycin. Individual body weights and pen feed consumption were obtained at 21 days. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance and significant differences between treatment means were determined by Duncan's multiple range test (1955). Because there was no sex x treatment interaction, the data were combined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the first experiment a significant (P<.05) increase in body weight was obtained when DL-methionine was supplemented to diets containing no virginiamycin (Table 2). This was expected since this diet had been shown to respond to supplemental methionine (Harms and Miles, 1983). The addition of .06% of methionine in the presence of virginiamycin resulted in a significant increase in body weight
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ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted with day-old Nicholas Large White turkey poults. A 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in Experiment 1 (0 and 22 ppm of virginiamycin and 0, .06, and .12% supplemental DL-methionine). A 2 X 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in Experiments (0 and 22 ppm of virginiamycin and 0, .04, .08, and .12% DL-methionine). A corn-soybean meal diet was used that contained no supplemental choline and a sulfate-free trace mineral mix. The experiments were conducted for 21 days. Body weight was increased by virginiamycin and by all levels of supplemental methionine. However, feed efficiency was not influenced. (Key words: virginiamycin, poult, sulfur amino acids)
RESEARCH NOTE TABLE 1. Composition of basal diet Ingredient
(%) Yellow corn Soybean meal (49%) Dicalcium phosphate Limestone Salt Animal fat Microingredients (choline and S 0 4 free)1 TM-50
48.76 43.17 2.09 1.42 .30 3.71 .50 .05
over the control. However, no improvement in growth resulted from the addition of .12% DL-methionine in the presence of virginiamycin. The addition of virginiamycin to diets containing 0 and .06% DL-methionine resulted in increased (P<.05) body weights. Feed efficiency did not differ for any dietary treatment. In Experiment 2, the addition of DLmethionine resulted in a linear increase in growth in the presence and absence of virginiamycin (Table 3). A numerical increase in body weight was obtained by increasing the supplemental methionine from level .08 to .12% in the presence and absence of virginiamycin. The requirement for methionine did not appear to be different for diets supplemented and unsupplemented with virginiamycin. Feed efficiency did not differ significantly for any treatments (Table 3). The addition of virginiamycin to the diets
TABLE 2. Body weight and feed efficiency of poults fed various levels of methionine with and without virginiamycin (Experiment 1) Body weight virginiamycin
Supplemental methionine (%) 0 .06 .12
Feed efficiency virginiamycin
(g) 383.6 b ± 9.3 483.5 d ± 13.0 4 8 1 . 5 d ± 13.8
345.3 ± 13.9a 428.1 ± 12.6C 488.5 ± 12.8 d
1.34a ± .05 1.32* ± .02 1.30* ± .01
1.34±.02 a 1.33 ± .03 a 1.28 ± .02 a
a ' ' c ' Means with different superscripts are significantly different according to the multiple range test of Duncan (1955).
TABLE 3. Body weight and feed efficiency of poults fed various levels of methionine with and without virginiamycin (Experiment 2) Body weight virginiamycin
Supplemental methionine
-
(%) 0 .04 .08 .12
353.7 404.8 453.2 465.5
ii h c d ^
Feed efficiency virginiamycin
-
+
+
(g) + 13.0a ± 13.4 b + 11.6 c d ± 13.0 d
405.1 436.0 495.5 512.6
± ± ± +
12.8b 13.4C 10.3 d 11.2?
1.25 ± 1.30 + 1.26 ± 1.32 +
.04 a .02a .05 a .Oia
1.29 1.26 1.25 1.32
± ± ± ±
.02 a .02a .Oia .02a
' ' ' ' Means with different superscripts are significantly different according to the multiple range test of Duncan (1955).
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 9, 2015
1 Supplied per kilogram of diet: 6,600 IU vitamin A; 2,200 ICU vitamin D 3 ; 11 IU vitamin E; 2.2 mg menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB); 4.4 mg riboflavin; 13.2 mg pantothenic acid; 59.6 mg niacin; 22 fig vitamin B 1 2 ; 110 Mg biotin; 125 mg ethoxyquin; MnCO a , 126.1 mg; iron citrate, 300.1 mg; CuCl 2 -2H 2 0, 15.97 mg; KI, 1.65 mg; ZnO, 41.85 mg.
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significantly increased body weight at all levels of supplemental methionine (Table 3). This increase in body weight was accompanied by an increase in feed consumption. This resulted in approximately the same gain per gram of sulfur amino acid intake from diets with and without supplemental virginiamycin. However, equal body weights were obtained with the basal plus virginiamycin and the basal plus .04% methionine. The grams of gain were 93 and 98, respectively, for the poults receiving the basal plus .04% methionine and the basal plus virginiamycin.
REFERENCES Douglas, C. R., R. D. Miles and R. H. Harms, 1982. Effect of virginiamycin on Leghorn-type pullets fed optimal and suboptimal protein levels. Poultry Sci. 61:1453-1454. Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1—42. Harms, R. H., and R. D. Miles, 1983. A comparison of DL-methionine and Liquimeth® as a source of supplemental methionine for the turkey poult. Poultry Sci. 62:1025-1027. Miles, R. D., D. M. Janky, and R. H. Harms, 1981. Effect of virginiamycin on laying hen and broiler performance. Poultry Sci. 60:1698. (Abstr.)
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 9, 2015
1983 Poultry Science 62:1896-1898 INTRODUCTION
Virginiamycin is one of the newer antibiotics approved for use in animal feeds. Miles et al. (1981) reported that the addition of virginiamycin to the diet of broilers improved growth and feed efficiency, and in one of two experiments with laying hens egg production was significantly improved. Recently, Douglas et al. (1982) found that the addition of virginiamycin to the diet of replacement pullets decreased the amount of protein required per unit weight gain. Subsequently, Miles and Harms (unpublished) found that the addition of virginiamycin to the diet of broilers spared a portion of the requirement for sulfur amino acids. The turkey has a higher requirement for sulfur amino acids than the broiler or replacement pullet. Therefore, it seemed desirable to determine the response of the turkey poult to Virginiamycin in diets containing various levels of methionine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two experiments were conducted using day-old Nicholas Large White turkey poults. A corn-soybean meal basal was used (Table 1) that contained no supplemental choline and a sulfate-free trace mineral premix. At one day of age the poults were randomly assigned to pens in electrically heated Petersime batteries with
1 Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 4547.
raised wire floors. In each experiment, six replicate pens containing four males and four females were fed each experimental diet. The experimental diets and deionized water were offered ad libitum throughout the 21-day experimental period. In Experiment 1, a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. This involved 0, .06, and .12% supplemental DL-methionine. Each of these diets was fed with 0 or 22 ppm of virginiamycin. A 2 X 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in Experiment 2. This included supplemental DL-methionine levels of 0, .04, .08, and .12%. Each of these diets was fed with 0 or 22 ppm of virginiamycin. Individual body weights and pen feed consumption were obtained at 21 days. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance and significant differences between treatment means were determined by Duncan's multiple range test (1955). Because there was no sex x treatment interaction, the data were combined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the first experiment a significant (P<.05) increase in body weight was obtained when DL-methionine was supplemented to diets containing no virginiamycin (Table 2). This was expected since this diet had been shown to respond to supplemental methionine (Harms and Miles, 1983). The addition of .06% of methionine in the presence of virginiamycin resulted in a significant increase in body weight
1896
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 9, 2015
ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted with day-old Nicholas Large White turkey poults. A 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in Experiment 1 (0 and 22 ppm of virginiamycin and 0, .06, and .12% supplemental DL-methionine). A 2 X 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in Experiments (0 and 22 ppm of virginiamycin and 0, .04, .08, and .12% DL-methionine). A corn-soybean meal diet was used that contained no supplemental choline and a sulfate-free trace mineral mix. The experiments were conducted for 21 days. Body weight was increased by virginiamycin and by all levels of supplemental methionine. However, feed efficiency was not influenced. (Key words: virginiamycin, poult, sulfur amino acids)
RESEARCH NOTE TABLE 1. Composition of basal diet Ingredient
(%) Yellow corn Soybean meal (49%) Dicalcium phosphate Limestone Salt Animal fat Microingredients (choline and S 0 4 free)1 TM-50
48.76 43.17 2.09 1.42 .30 3.71 .50 .05
over the control. However, no improvement in growth resulted from the addition of .12% DL-methionine in the presence of virginiamycin. The addition of virginiamycin to diets containing 0 and .06% DL-methionine resulted in increased (P<.05) body weights. Feed efficiency did not differ for any dietary treatment. In Experiment 2, the addition of DLmethionine resulted in a linear increase in growth in the presence and absence of virginiamycin (Table 3). A numerical increase in body weight was obtained by increasing the supplemental methionine from level .08 to .12% in the presence and absence of virginiamycin. The requirement for methionine did not appear to be different for diets supplemented and unsupplemented with virginiamycin. Feed efficiency did not differ significantly for any treatments (Table 3). The addition of virginiamycin to the diets
TABLE 2. Body weight and feed efficiency of poults fed various levels of methionine with and without virginiamycin (Experiment 1) Body weight virginiamycin
Supplemental methionine (%) 0 .06 .12
Feed efficiency virginiamycin
(g) 383.6 b ± 9.3 483.5 d ± 13.0 4 8 1 . 5 d ± 13.8
345.3 ± 13.9a 428.1 ± 12.6C 488.5 ± 12.8 d
1.34a ± .05 1.32* ± .02 1.30* ± .01
1.34±.02 a 1.33 ± .03 a 1.28 ± .02 a
a ' ' c ' Means with different superscripts are significantly different according to the multiple range test of Duncan (1955).
TABLE 3. Body weight and feed efficiency of poults fed various levels of methionine with and without virginiamycin (Experiment 2) Body weight virginiamycin
Supplemental methionine
-
(%) 0 .04 .08 .12
353.7 404.8 453.2 465.5
ii h c d ^
Feed efficiency virginiamycin
-
+
+
(g) + 13.0a ± 13.4 b + 11.6 c d ± 13.0 d
405.1 436.0 495.5 512.6
± ± ± +
12.8b 13.4C 10.3 d 11.2?
1.25 ± 1.30 + 1.26 ± 1.32 +
.04 a .02a .05 a .Oia
1.29 1.26 1.25 1.32
± ± ± ±
.02 a .02a .Oia .02a
' ' ' ' Means with different superscripts are significantly different according to the multiple range test of Duncan (1955).
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 9, 2015
1 Supplied per kilogram of diet: 6,600 IU vitamin A; 2,200 ICU vitamin D 3 ; 11 IU vitamin E; 2.2 mg menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB); 4.4 mg riboflavin; 13.2 mg pantothenic acid; 59.6 mg niacin; 22 fig vitamin B 1 2 ; 110 Mg biotin; 125 mg ethoxyquin; MnCO a , 126.1 mg; iron citrate, 300.1 mg; CuCl 2 -2H 2 0, 15.97 mg; KI, 1.65 mg; ZnO, 41.85 mg.
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significantly increased body weight at all levels of supplemental methionine (Table 3). This increase in body weight was accompanied by an increase in feed consumption. This resulted in approximately the same gain per gram of sulfur amino acid intake from diets with and without supplemental virginiamycin. However, equal body weights were obtained with the basal plus virginiamycin and the basal plus .04% methionine. The grams of gain were 93 and 98, respectively, for the poults receiving the basal plus .04% methionine and the basal plus virginiamycin.
REFERENCES Douglas, C. R., R. D. Miles and R. H. Harms, 1982. Effect of virginiamycin on Leghorn-type pullets fed optimal and suboptimal protein levels. Poultry Sci. 61:1453-1454. Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1—42. Harms, R. H., and R. D. Miles, 1983. A comparison of DL-methionine and Liquimeth® as a source of supplemental methionine for the turkey poult. Poultry Sci. 62:1025-1027. Miles, R. D., D. M. Janky, and R. H. Harms, 1981. Effect of virginiamycin on laying hen and broiler performance. Poultry Sci. 60:1698. (Abstr.)
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 9, 2015