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The rockefeller foundation
PUBLIC HEALTH.
1925.
county and municipal health w o r k - - t h e State of Alabama being selected for this purpose, and sets out the various officers employed with their respective duties. Dr. Hoops gave special attention to the Malarial Research work which is being carried out in Lee County, South Georgia, and gives interesting details of the methods pursued. He also visited the Johns Hopkins and the H a r v a r d Medical Schools, and several hospitals. His notes and comments thereon are most interesting. In the teaching of Public Health great stress is laid on field work, and each student is required to make a sanitary survey of a town and submit a written report with his criticisms and recommendation. A schedule which Dr. Hoops quotes has been drawn up as a guide to the student.
THE
ROCKEFELLER
FOUNDATION.
The short review of the operations of this munificent foundation during 1924 gives a summary of its world-wide activities--the Annual Report in full will be published later. It records co-operation with 32 commonwealths of the United States and with 77 other states and countries, so that within its chosen field it is realizing the purpose of its charter in promoting " the well-being of mankind throughout the world." For the present, effort is concentrated on public health and medical education, and the following gives an indication of what has been accomplished last year. The International Health Board, the China Medical Board, the Division of Medical Education, and the Division of Studies (1) underwrote to the amount of $350,000 a plan for publishing an international abstract journal of the biological sciences; (2) began issuing bulletins which report progress in medical education in many countries; (3) helped to spread internationally knowledge about medical equipment and teaching methods through surveys by staff members, commissions of scientists, visiting professors, and travelling fellows; (4) hastened developments in the medical schools of the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Wales, Montreal, McGilI, San Paulo, H o n g g o n g , and Siam, and of the American University at Beirut ; (5) maintained a modern medical school and teaching hospital in P e k i n g ; (6) aided three other medical schools and 17 hospitals in China;
31
(7) helped in improve the teaching of physics, chemistry, and biology in two Chinese and nine foreign institutions in China and in the Government University in S i a m ; (8) had a part in the development of professional training for sanitarians and hygienists at Harvard University and in schools and institutes in London, Prague, Warsaw, and San Paulo; (9) gave funds for nursing education at Yale University and in schools and hospitals in Brazil, France, Yugoslavia, Poland, and the Philippines; (10) kept a mobile staff on guard against yellow fever in Mexico and Central America; (11) at the request of Brazil joined in an attack upon this disease from 11 centres along the northern coast; (12) helped to show the possibilities of malaria control in 13 American states and made malaria surveys or studies in Haiti, Porto Rico, Nicaragua, Brazil, Italy, Palestine, Queensland, and the Philippines; (13) either continued or began antihookworm work in conjunction with 32 states and countries in the W e s t Indies, Central America and Mexico, South America, E~rope, and the F a r E a s t ; (14) contributed to the budgets of rural health services in 207 counties in 24 American states, and in New Brunswick, Brazil, France, and Czechoslovakia; (15) continued to aid the epidemiological intelligence service of the Health Section of the League of Nations ; (16) contributed to the League of Nations' international study tours or interchanges for 99 health officers from 20 countries; (17) provided directly or indirectly fellowships for 864 individuals of 33 different nations; (18) lent staff members and made minor gifts to many governments and institutions for various kinds of counsel and aid; (19) assisted mental hygiene projects both in the United States and in Canada, demonstrations in dispensary development in New York City, the growth of antituberculosis work in France, and other undertakings in public health, medical education, and allied fields. The broad lines which govern the assistance which the foundation is willing to give are, that help is only given for demonstrations of innovation and improvement, there must be promise of a qualitative advance in a given piece of scientific, administrative or educational work, and the foundation expects governments and universities from the outset of a common undertaking to make a contribution in money or its equivalent in facilities or services. So soon as such undertakings become self-directing and self-supporting the foundation withdraws and has no further responsibility.
32
PUBLIC HEALTH.
It has been the privilege of this Society to co-operate in the study tours for Health Officials, and we believe the efforts of o u r committee in arranging the details of the visits to this country have been much appreciated. The value of these interchanges of health personnel is very great, and is not confined to those actually taking part in the tours, for the knowledge gained becomes diffused among their colleagues in their respective countries. THE SANITARY LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF JAPAN. Many members of the Society of Medical Officers of Health will have pleasant memories of Dr. Goro Kashida who represented Japan in the first party of foreign health officers who visited England under the auspices of the League of Nations. That was in 1923 and a bulky volume that has reached us recently, suggests that Dr. Kashida and his medical colleagues in the Japanese Department of H o m e Affairs have been very successful in adapting the list features of European health administration to the special conditions of their own country. The book under notice, which is written in admirable English, consists of thirty-nine sections and four appendices, giving the complete Sanitary Laws and Regulations of Japan, with amendments passed within the last few months. The scope of the legislation will surprise those who have heard little of the progressive character of central and local administration in Japan, and we are glad this volume is now available for the information of other countries, and especially for health officials in those parts of the British Empire who can profit by the experience of Japan in adapting the latest development of sanitary science to local conditions and requirements. INSURANCE FOR THE
WORKER.
A Conference on Social Insurance in its national and international aspects is to be held upder the auspices of the League of Nations Union from November 23rd--26th, at the London School of Economics. Sessions of the Conference will deal with the following aspects of the problem :--the Government Pensions Scheme; the unification of Social Insurance, Health Insurance, W o r k m e n ' s Compensation and Accident prevention, Unemployment Insurance, Family Insurance, and the international aspects of Social Insurance. Among those who have already consented to speak are Sir William Beveridge, Mr. H. B. Butler (Deputy-Director of the International Labour
NOVEMBER,
Organisation), Sir Kingsley Wood, M.P., Sir Alfred Mond, M.P., Mr. Arthur Hayday, M.P., Sir Henry Slessor, Mr. J. L. Cohen, Dr. Marion Phillips, and Mr. Alban Gordon. Time for discussion will be allowed at each session, and it is hoped that there will be an interesting exchange of views between persons of differing political opinions, economists, employers, trade unionists, and representatives of Insurance Societies. Those interested in the problems of Social Insurance should apply for particulars of the Conference to the Secretary, League of Nations Union, 15, Grosvenor Crescent, S . W . I . , and it may be hoped that although no member of the Public Health Service appears to have been included in the official list of speakers, that the Conference may have the benefit of having something of the special health considerations bearing on the problems to be discussed. THE Public Health Service is losing two notable members by the retirement of Sir William H a m e r and Dr. A. K. Chalmers. In place of the former Dr. F. N. K a y Menzies will become Medical Officer of Health for the County of London on January 1st next. The Glasgow City Council have appointed Dr. A. S. M. MacGregor as successor to Dr. Chalmers. WE record with great regret the death of Dr. James Niven, for many years the distinguished medical officer of health of Manchester, and of Dr. Arthur Gordon Jenner, who followed the late Dr. H. E. Corbin as Medical Officer of Health at Stockport. DUMFRIES County Council have agreed to accept the resignation of Dr. J. Maxwell Ross, who has been medical officer of the county since 1891, and appointed him consulting medical officer at £600 per annum. Dr. John Ritehie was appointed county medical officer in succession to Dr. Ross. UNDER the auspices of the Model Abattoir Society, the Benjamin W a r d Richardson Memorial Lecture will be given by Dr. W. J. Howarth, C.B.E., medical officer of health, city of London, at the house of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1, Wimpole Street, Cavendish Square, W . , on Friday, 20th November, at 5.30 p.m. The subject of the lecture will be " T h e Slaughtering of Animals for H u m a n Consumption--Observations on Methods Practised and Desirability of Centralisation in Relation to Meat H y g i e n e . " Cards for admission are obtainable from the Rev. George Martin, St. John's Vicarage, Kilburn, N.W.6.
1925.
county and municipal health w o r k - - t h e State of Alabama being selected for this purpose, and sets out the various officers employed with their respective duties. Dr. Hoops gave special attention to the Malarial Research work which is being carried out in Lee County, South Georgia, and gives interesting details of the methods pursued. He also visited the Johns Hopkins and the H a r v a r d Medical Schools, and several hospitals. His notes and comments thereon are most interesting. In the teaching of Public Health great stress is laid on field work, and each student is required to make a sanitary survey of a town and submit a written report with his criticisms and recommendation. A schedule which Dr. Hoops quotes has been drawn up as a guide to the student.
THE
ROCKEFELLER
FOUNDATION.
The short review of the operations of this munificent foundation during 1924 gives a summary of its world-wide activities--the Annual Report in full will be published later. It records co-operation with 32 commonwealths of the United States and with 77 other states and countries, so that within its chosen field it is realizing the purpose of its charter in promoting " the well-being of mankind throughout the world." For the present, effort is concentrated on public health and medical education, and the following gives an indication of what has been accomplished last year. The International Health Board, the China Medical Board, the Division of Medical Education, and the Division of Studies (1) underwrote to the amount of $350,000 a plan for publishing an international abstract journal of the biological sciences; (2) began issuing bulletins which report progress in medical education in many countries; (3) helped to spread internationally knowledge about medical equipment and teaching methods through surveys by staff members, commissions of scientists, visiting professors, and travelling fellows; (4) hastened developments in the medical schools of the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Wales, Montreal, McGilI, San Paulo, H o n g g o n g , and Siam, and of the American University at Beirut ; (5) maintained a modern medical school and teaching hospital in P e k i n g ; (6) aided three other medical schools and 17 hospitals in China;
31
(7) helped in improve the teaching of physics, chemistry, and biology in two Chinese and nine foreign institutions in China and in the Government University in S i a m ; (8) had a part in the development of professional training for sanitarians and hygienists at Harvard University and in schools and institutes in London, Prague, Warsaw, and San Paulo; (9) gave funds for nursing education at Yale University and in schools and hospitals in Brazil, France, Yugoslavia, Poland, and the Philippines; (10) kept a mobile staff on guard against yellow fever in Mexico and Central America; (11) at the request of Brazil joined in an attack upon this disease from 11 centres along the northern coast; (12) helped to show the possibilities of malaria control in 13 American states and made malaria surveys or studies in Haiti, Porto Rico, Nicaragua, Brazil, Italy, Palestine, Queensland, and the Philippines; (13) either continued or began antihookworm work in conjunction with 32 states and countries in the W e s t Indies, Central America and Mexico, South America, E~rope, and the F a r E a s t ; (14) contributed to the budgets of rural health services in 207 counties in 24 American states, and in New Brunswick, Brazil, France, and Czechoslovakia; (15) continued to aid the epidemiological intelligence service of the Health Section of the League of Nations ; (16) contributed to the League of Nations' international study tours or interchanges for 99 health officers from 20 countries; (17) provided directly or indirectly fellowships for 864 individuals of 33 different nations; (18) lent staff members and made minor gifts to many governments and institutions for various kinds of counsel and aid; (19) assisted mental hygiene projects both in the United States and in Canada, demonstrations in dispensary development in New York City, the growth of antituberculosis work in France, and other undertakings in public health, medical education, and allied fields. The broad lines which govern the assistance which the foundation is willing to give are, that help is only given for demonstrations of innovation and improvement, there must be promise of a qualitative advance in a given piece of scientific, administrative or educational work, and the foundation expects governments and universities from the outset of a common undertaking to make a contribution in money or its equivalent in facilities or services. So soon as such undertakings become self-directing and self-supporting the foundation withdraws and has no further responsibility.
32
PUBLIC HEALTH.
It has been the privilege of this Society to co-operate in the study tours for Health Officials, and we believe the efforts of o u r committee in arranging the details of the visits to this country have been much appreciated. The value of these interchanges of health personnel is very great, and is not confined to those actually taking part in the tours, for the knowledge gained becomes diffused among their colleagues in their respective countries. THE SANITARY LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF JAPAN. Many members of the Society of Medical Officers of Health will have pleasant memories of Dr. Goro Kashida who represented Japan in the first party of foreign health officers who visited England under the auspices of the League of Nations. That was in 1923 and a bulky volume that has reached us recently, suggests that Dr. Kashida and his medical colleagues in the Japanese Department of H o m e Affairs have been very successful in adapting the list features of European health administration to the special conditions of their own country. The book under notice, which is written in admirable English, consists of thirty-nine sections and four appendices, giving the complete Sanitary Laws and Regulations of Japan, with amendments passed within the last few months. The scope of the legislation will surprise those who have heard little of the progressive character of central and local administration in Japan, and we are glad this volume is now available for the information of other countries, and especially for health officials in those parts of the British Empire who can profit by the experience of Japan in adapting the latest development of sanitary science to local conditions and requirements. INSURANCE FOR THE
WORKER.
A Conference on Social Insurance in its national and international aspects is to be held upder the auspices of the League of Nations Union from November 23rd--26th, at the London School of Economics. Sessions of the Conference will deal with the following aspects of the problem :--the Government Pensions Scheme; the unification of Social Insurance, Health Insurance, W o r k m e n ' s Compensation and Accident prevention, Unemployment Insurance, Family Insurance, and the international aspects of Social Insurance. Among those who have already consented to speak are Sir William Beveridge, Mr. H. B. Butler (Deputy-Director of the International Labour
NOVEMBER,
Organisation), Sir Kingsley Wood, M.P., Sir Alfred Mond, M.P., Mr. Arthur Hayday, M.P., Sir Henry Slessor, Mr. J. L. Cohen, Dr. Marion Phillips, and Mr. Alban Gordon. Time for discussion will be allowed at each session, and it is hoped that there will be an interesting exchange of views between persons of differing political opinions, economists, employers, trade unionists, and representatives of Insurance Societies. Those interested in the problems of Social Insurance should apply for particulars of the Conference to the Secretary, League of Nations Union, 15, Grosvenor Crescent, S . W . I . , and it may be hoped that although no member of the Public Health Service appears to have been included in the official list of speakers, that the Conference may have the benefit of having something of the special health considerations bearing on the problems to be discussed. THE Public Health Service is losing two notable members by the retirement of Sir William H a m e r and Dr. A. K. Chalmers. In place of the former Dr. F. N. K a y Menzies will become Medical Officer of Health for the County of London on January 1st next. The Glasgow City Council have appointed Dr. A. S. M. MacGregor as successor to Dr. Chalmers. WE record with great regret the death of Dr. James Niven, for many years the distinguished medical officer of health of Manchester, and of Dr. Arthur Gordon Jenner, who followed the late Dr. H. E. Corbin as Medical Officer of Health at Stockport. DUMFRIES County Council have agreed to accept the resignation of Dr. J. Maxwell Ross, who has been medical officer of the county since 1891, and appointed him consulting medical officer at £600 per annum. Dr. John Ritehie was appointed county medical officer in succession to Dr. Ross. UNDER the auspices of the Model Abattoir Society, the Benjamin W a r d Richardson Memorial Lecture will be given by Dr. W. J. Howarth, C.B.E., medical officer of health, city of London, at the house of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1, Wimpole Street, Cavendish Square, W . , on Friday, 20th November, at 5.30 p.m. The subject of the lecture will be " T h e Slaughtering of Animals for H u m a n Consumption--Observations on Methods Practised and Desirability of Centralisation in Relation to Meat H y g i e n e . " Cards for admission are obtainable from the Rev. George Martin, St. John's Vicarage, Kilburn, N.W.6.