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The role of physical education in physical activity promotion
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
448
Workshop
Augmented low dye taping changes plantar pressure and muscle activation patterns during treadmill running
449
L. Kelly ∗ , S. Racinais, C. Tanner, J. Grantham, H. Chalabi
Food provision for athletes
Aspetar- Qatar Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Hospital
F. Pelly 1,∗ , J. Mirstchin 2,∗ , E. Broad 3,∗ , M. Cort 2,∗
Introduction: Anti-pronation taping (APT) has been shown to change foot posture and function. As yet no studies have examined the effect of anti-pronation taping on upper leg muscle activation whilst running. Our hypothesis was that the activation of gluteus medius (GM), vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) can be significantly effected by the application of APT. Methods: Randomised cross over study. 13 Healthy recreational runners (Age 31.7 ± 5 yr, height 181.7 ± 5 cm, weight 81.6 ± 6 kg). Each participant completed 3 sets of 6 min running on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km h−1 with 3 different taping conditions (APT, Placebo, No tape) applied in counterbalanced order. Augmented Low Dye Taping was the method of APT used. The placebo taping method consisted of 4 base straps across the plantar aspect of the heel, secured with medial and lateral anchors. Average muscle electrical activity (RMS), time to peak activity and in-shoe plantar pressure were recorded over an average of 20 gait cycles, after 5 min of treadmill running. Participants ran in standardized running shoes (Adidas Response Cushion). Plantar pressure was recorded with PedarX in-shoe pressure analysis. Statistical analysis was ANOVAfor repeated measures. Results: Peak Plantar Pressure displayed significant increase in the lateral mid-foot in APT versus both no taping (P < 0.001) and placebo (P < 0.001). APT significantly decreased RMS activity of VM in comparison of both No taping and Placebo (P < 0.05). GM andVL displayed a significant increase in time to peak contraction with APT, compared to No taping (P < 0.05). The use of a placebo partially blunts this effect, but a trend is still present in the two muscles (P = 0.065 for placebo vs. APT, for both GM and VL). Discussion: This study is the first to examine the simultaneous effects of ALD taping on EMG activity of upper leg muscles and plantar foot pressures during running. Our results suggest that (1) APT significantly decreases RMS activity of VM, (2) causes a delay in onset of activity in GM and VL, and (3) causes an increase in lateral mid foot plantar pressure during shod treadmill running. Conclusion: Anti-pronation taping significantly changes foot posture, and as a result causes changes in muscle activation patterns of GM, VM and VL. Anti-pronation taping may be useful as a rehabilitative aid when activation deficits are present in GM, VM and VL.
1 School
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.449
e215
of Health and Sport Sciences, University of The Sunshine Coast 2 Australian Institute of Sport, Department of Sports Nutrition 3 Cricket Australia & Sydney Swans AFL Club This practical workshop will cover the various aspects of food provision for athletes and will be of particular relevance to sport dietitians. There will be an introduction to the factors that influence food selection in athletes, issues relevant to catering for athletic populations and the role of a sports dietitian in food service. Each presenter will provide a brief overview of their own experience working in food provision for athletes. This will include residential food provision for athletes, travelling with groups of athletes, catering for individuals and groups of athletes, and catering for elite level competition. Factors such as menu design, taste and visual appeal of food items, menu labelling systems, provision for special diets, creating standardized meals and training catering staff will also be discussed. This will be followed by a panel discussion with input from the audience. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.450 Invited 449 The role of physical education in physical activity promotion T. McKenzie San Diego State University, California, USA Despite the documented benefits of physical activity, reports from around the world suggest that children and adolescents neither engage in sufficient activity for health purposes nor do they develop the appropriate skills for a lifetime of active living. The World Health Organization suggests that schools are one of the most cost effective investments a state or nation can make to improve education and health simultaneously. Additionally, school physical education is the only setting where some children, particularly those from poor families, can accrue vigorous physical activity and learn important generalizable movement skills. Physical education is also one of only five interventions strongly recommended for increasing physical activity by the US Task Force on Community Preventive Service.
e216
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
Physical education programs in schools have the potential to promote of healthy, active lifestyles by providing children with some of their recommended physical activity, increasing their physical fitness levels, and teaching them generalizable movement and behavioral skills. If “exercise is medicine” as suggested by the American College of Sports Medicine, physical education is indeed the pill not taken! Numerous barriers, including limited allocated time in the curriculum, low subject status, and scarce resources (teachers, facilities, equipment, and active PE curricula), and inadequate teacher preparation hinder physical education from playing a major role in either providing or promoting physical activity. This presentation profiles physical education as it relates to physical activity promotion, describes its current status from a contextual standpoint (i.e., research on how PE is delivered), and concludes with recommendations for improving it.
drugs in sport issues. The fifth paper provides an insight into the rationales Australian athletes use to justify abstinence from or use of drugs. The sixth paper reports results emerging from Europe that suggests ways to identify athletes who may be using prohibited substances through their attitudes. The final paper outlines a method for working out risk factors that predispose athletes to using drugs via a self-report questionnaire. Paper Title 1: Paper Title 2:
Paper Title 3:
Paper Title 4: Paper Title 5:
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.451 Symposium
Paper Title 6: Paper Title 7:
Punishing the sportsnet: the dangers of the revised WADC for support personnel Baseline study of knowledge and awareness of anti-doping in the sporting community: pilot survey results Where youth get information about doping substances: implications for sports medicine practitioners The prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use among elite Australian athletes Reasons for and against illicit drug use among elite Australian athletes Initiator or consequence: the relationship between perceived use of doping by others and behaviour Understanding doping decisions in sport
451
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.452
Drugs in sport: Informing athlete support personnel. The expanding role of the athlete support person under the 2009 World Anti Doping Code
452
J. Mazanov
Punishing the Sportsnet: The dangers of the revised WADC for support personnel
School of Business, UNSW@ADFA
J. Connor
The aim of this symposium is to inform athlete support personnel about their role in managing drugs in sport issues. The role of the athlete support person (including coaches, trainers, managers, agents, team staff, officials, medical/paramedical personnel, parent or any other person) has been clearly prescribed in the World Anti-Doping Code (the Code), in terms of promoting anti-doping and the consequences for failing to promote the anti-doping policy. The Code places athlete support personnel at the forefront of educating and responding to athlete drug use, with a risk of being banned for life. In light of this new role, athlete support personnel need to be better informed about the anti-doping policy and the role of drugs in sport. The papers presented in this symposium aim to inform athlete support personnel and athletes about their responsibilities under the Code. The first paper looks at knowledge of anti-doping among Australian athlete support personnel and implications for the integrity of sport. The second paper provides pilot data that begins to define how knowledgeable Australian athletes are about doping and supplement use, providing an indication of how much more athlete support personnel need to know to keep ahead of athletes. The third paper examines where US adolescents athletes source information about drugs in sport and asks about the role of parents in athlete’s decisions to use drugs. The fourth paper explores prevalence rates of illicit drug use in Australian athletes as an indicator of how often support personnel are exposed to
UNSW@ADFA A new version of the World Anti-Doping Code (the Code) as administered by the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA) came into effect on January 1, 2009. The responsibilities of support personnel have been explicitly codified. However, what the new rules mean and how they will impact on the practices of support personnel is entirely unclear. Support personnel now must at all times act in accordance with the Code, this includes during their treatment of, interactions with and advice to athletes. Disturbingly, it also includes while being in the presence of athletes. The definition of support person now includes anyone involved with the athlete, including parents. The stringent restrictions are a response from WADA to the knowledge that support personnel have been involved in doping, as shown by the Madrid cycling and BALCO scandals. WADA is attempting to cast its net more widely to take a whole of athlete approach to deterrence. What is unclear, and has not been communicated by either WADA or ASADA is how the new code will be enforced in relation to support personnel. Our current study investigates the knowledge, beliefs and behaviours of Australian support personnel in relation to doping in sport. Using surveys and follow up interviews we find out what support personnel know about the rules regarding doping and how they interpret and enact those in practice. The results of our work will have fundamental implications for anti-doping policy. In terms of education
448
Workshop
Augmented low dye taping changes plantar pressure and muscle activation patterns during treadmill running
449
L. Kelly ∗ , S. Racinais, C. Tanner, J. Grantham, H. Chalabi
Food provision for athletes
Aspetar- Qatar Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Hospital
F. Pelly 1,∗ , J. Mirstchin 2,∗ , E. Broad 3,∗ , M. Cort 2,∗
Introduction: Anti-pronation taping (APT) has been shown to change foot posture and function. As yet no studies have examined the effect of anti-pronation taping on upper leg muscle activation whilst running. Our hypothesis was that the activation of gluteus medius (GM), vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) can be significantly effected by the application of APT. Methods: Randomised cross over study. 13 Healthy recreational runners (Age 31.7 ± 5 yr, height 181.7 ± 5 cm, weight 81.6 ± 6 kg). Each participant completed 3 sets of 6 min running on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km h−1 with 3 different taping conditions (APT, Placebo, No tape) applied in counterbalanced order. Augmented Low Dye Taping was the method of APT used. The placebo taping method consisted of 4 base straps across the plantar aspect of the heel, secured with medial and lateral anchors. Average muscle electrical activity (RMS), time to peak activity and in-shoe plantar pressure were recorded over an average of 20 gait cycles, after 5 min of treadmill running. Participants ran in standardized running shoes (Adidas Response Cushion). Plantar pressure was recorded with PedarX in-shoe pressure analysis. Statistical analysis was ANOVAfor repeated measures. Results: Peak Plantar Pressure displayed significant increase in the lateral mid-foot in APT versus both no taping (P < 0.001) and placebo (P < 0.001). APT significantly decreased RMS activity of VM in comparison of both No taping and Placebo (P < 0.05). GM andVL displayed a significant increase in time to peak contraction with APT, compared to No taping (P < 0.05). The use of a placebo partially blunts this effect, but a trend is still present in the two muscles (P = 0.065 for placebo vs. APT, for both GM and VL). Discussion: This study is the first to examine the simultaneous effects of ALD taping on EMG activity of upper leg muscles and plantar foot pressures during running. Our results suggest that (1) APT significantly decreases RMS activity of VM, (2) causes a delay in onset of activity in GM and VL, and (3) causes an increase in lateral mid foot plantar pressure during shod treadmill running. Conclusion: Anti-pronation taping significantly changes foot posture, and as a result causes changes in muscle activation patterns of GM, VM and VL. Anti-pronation taping may be useful as a rehabilitative aid when activation deficits are present in GM, VM and VL.
1 School
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.449
e215
of Health and Sport Sciences, University of The Sunshine Coast 2 Australian Institute of Sport, Department of Sports Nutrition 3 Cricket Australia & Sydney Swans AFL Club This practical workshop will cover the various aspects of food provision for athletes and will be of particular relevance to sport dietitians. There will be an introduction to the factors that influence food selection in athletes, issues relevant to catering for athletic populations and the role of a sports dietitian in food service. Each presenter will provide a brief overview of their own experience working in food provision for athletes. This will include residential food provision for athletes, travelling with groups of athletes, catering for individuals and groups of athletes, and catering for elite level competition. Factors such as menu design, taste and visual appeal of food items, menu labelling systems, provision for special diets, creating standardized meals and training catering staff will also be discussed. This will be followed by a panel discussion with input from the audience. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.450 Invited 449 The role of physical education in physical activity promotion T. McKenzie San Diego State University, California, USA Despite the documented benefits of physical activity, reports from around the world suggest that children and adolescents neither engage in sufficient activity for health purposes nor do they develop the appropriate skills for a lifetime of active living. The World Health Organization suggests that schools are one of the most cost effective investments a state or nation can make to improve education and health simultaneously. Additionally, school physical education is the only setting where some children, particularly those from poor families, can accrue vigorous physical activity and learn important generalizable movement skills. Physical education is also one of only five interventions strongly recommended for increasing physical activity by the US Task Force on Community Preventive Service.
e216
Abstracts / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232
Physical education programs in schools have the potential to promote of healthy, active lifestyles by providing children with some of their recommended physical activity, increasing their physical fitness levels, and teaching them generalizable movement and behavioral skills. If “exercise is medicine” as suggested by the American College of Sports Medicine, physical education is indeed the pill not taken! Numerous barriers, including limited allocated time in the curriculum, low subject status, and scarce resources (teachers, facilities, equipment, and active PE curricula), and inadequate teacher preparation hinder physical education from playing a major role in either providing or promoting physical activity. This presentation profiles physical education as it relates to physical activity promotion, describes its current status from a contextual standpoint (i.e., research on how PE is delivered), and concludes with recommendations for improving it.
drugs in sport issues. The fifth paper provides an insight into the rationales Australian athletes use to justify abstinence from or use of drugs. The sixth paper reports results emerging from Europe that suggests ways to identify athletes who may be using prohibited substances through their attitudes. The final paper outlines a method for working out risk factors that predispose athletes to using drugs via a self-report questionnaire. Paper Title 1: Paper Title 2:
Paper Title 3:
Paper Title 4: Paper Title 5:
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.451 Symposium
Paper Title 6: Paper Title 7:
Punishing the sportsnet: the dangers of the revised WADC for support personnel Baseline study of knowledge and awareness of anti-doping in the sporting community: pilot survey results Where youth get information about doping substances: implications for sports medicine practitioners The prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use among elite Australian athletes Reasons for and against illicit drug use among elite Australian athletes Initiator or consequence: the relationship between perceived use of doping by others and behaviour Understanding doping decisions in sport
451
doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.452
Drugs in sport: Informing athlete support personnel. The expanding role of the athlete support person under the 2009 World Anti Doping Code
452
J. Mazanov
Punishing the Sportsnet: The dangers of the revised WADC for support personnel
School of Business, UNSW@ADFA
J. Connor
The aim of this symposium is to inform athlete support personnel about their role in managing drugs in sport issues. The role of the athlete support person (including coaches, trainers, managers, agents, team staff, officials, medical/paramedical personnel, parent or any other person) has been clearly prescribed in the World Anti-Doping Code (the Code), in terms of promoting anti-doping and the consequences for failing to promote the anti-doping policy. The Code places athlete support personnel at the forefront of educating and responding to athlete drug use, with a risk of being banned for life. In light of this new role, athlete support personnel need to be better informed about the anti-doping policy and the role of drugs in sport. The papers presented in this symposium aim to inform athlete support personnel and athletes about their responsibilities under the Code. The first paper looks at knowledge of anti-doping among Australian athlete support personnel and implications for the integrity of sport. The second paper provides pilot data that begins to define how knowledgeable Australian athletes are about doping and supplement use, providing an indication of how much more athlete support personnel need to know to keep ahead of athletes. The third paper examines where US adolescents athletes source information about drugs in sport and asks about the role of parents in athlete’s decisions to use drugs. The fourth paper explores prevalence rates of illicit drug use in Australian athletes as an indicator of how often support personnel are exposed to
UNSW@ADFA A new version of the World Anti-Doping Code (the Code) as administered by the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA) came into effect on January 1, 2009. The responsibilities of support personnel have been explicitly codified. However, what the new rules mean and how they will impact on the practices of support personnel is entirely unclear. Support personnel now must at all times act in accordance with the Code, this includes during their treatment of, interactions with and advice to athletes. Disturbingly, it also includes while being in the presence of athletes. The definition of support person now includes anyone involved with the athlete, including parents. The stringent restrictions are a response from WADA to the knowledge that support personnel have been involved in doping, as shown by the Madrid cycling and BALCO scandals. WADA is attempting to cast its net more widely to take a whole of athlete approach to deterrence. What is unclear, and has not been communicated by either WADA or ASADA is how the new code will be enforced in relation to support personnel. Our current study investigates the knowledge, beliefs and behaviours of Australian support personnel in relation to doping in sport. Using surveys and follow up interviews we find out what support personnel know about the rules regarding doping and how they interpret and enact those in practice. The results of our work will have fundamental implications for anti-doping policy. In terms of education