Tourism monitor

Tourism mon~or pool LRTA- information The

situation

where

has now

the volume

tourism year.

that

from

one library

word

of

time.

policies

travel.

Activities

and facilities:

or by the traditional

l

Culture

*

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possible

contacts.

To

makers with

for

help

research may

unforeseen

and save

service

tion and Tourism

‘Leisure.

objective

together

into

literature

gather

one inf~~rmation

source

many countries

on the

from

related

topics

of tourism.

and leisure.

and make it easilv accessi-

ble through

a quarterly

nal, and an associated ble online

publicly

specific

the

original

accessi-

in

English. the title

details

are

Full

provided

a symbol

indi-

of the pubI~c~~tion

Detailed

and geographical

author.

indexes

subare in-

in each issue of the journal

an annual

is

accumulation

and

issued separ-

ately.

issue

about

Ml

books,

of

the

journal

articles,

working

ence

proceedings,

papers.

papers.

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cludes:

studies

affecting time.

journal

informative

ports,

of

research

re-

theses.

literature

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of changes

subject

in-

form

needs

such as the handicapped.

women,

searched).

ment

for

cluding tion.

tourism attitudes

the

social

resources;

to

recreation

amenity.

benefits

of

studies of transport, management,

modation. tion,

and

and the economic

in-

in the abstract

the

is available.’

natural

on searching

accom-

to help database best results

administra-

The

and sociologic-

abstracts.

LRTA

LRTA

database

file

CAB

methods

SO), and through

ing. cost benefit ing

techniques.

arranged subject

under

analysis: The the

and forecastabstracts

following

headings:

TOURISM

modell-

MANAGEMENT

are broad

3R of CAB is

searches

subfile.

September

1984

of

‘Notes designed

obtain

the

can

be sear-

DIALOG

as sub-

ABSTRACTS ESAlIRS

ABSTRACTS

recommended

results

used

is also available.’ through

staristical

online’,

searchers

ched online

of analysis,

can be

A booklet

al impacts of tourism: research techniques survey methods, including

R3 of

‘free

a list

that

(file

as subfile (file

for

be confined

16). It

the to

and also

bibliographirs

Two

annotated

have

been

pro-

~~~,j~o*~~~rt3

Tottrktt

and

Magnetic

Multi-

tapes are available

organization

wanting

the

to

whole

subfile. Technical

advances

have thus made

it easier to find one’s way through expanding To ensure

to be so it would users

of

the

producers

books,

tional

articles

in LRTrl.

tvould

thus

be

of an interna-

audience.

LTRA’s

aim

researchers,

is not

policy

to keep

whole

own field

anticipated tourism role,

if

sm~ld en-

journal

to the attention

to

service

are abstracted

public~~t~ons

brought

helpful

information

their

and reports

the

of pub-

that this continues be most

of information

sure that These

jungle

interested

abreast

making

help

in the sub-

area of interest.

an overvirw

of leisure. ‘leisure

to

prnctition-

of developments

specific

is forecast

policy

only

makers.

of the

so that in the

society’

in which

to play

3 major

and planning

be based on the best possible

can

informa-

tion.

time-saving

retrieval.

or by using the terms

indexing

which

pollu-

pro-

can be searched

(any word

aged; the use of land and the environfor

using

to the enquiry

It is an efficient

of information

text’

the

searchable

can quickly

specific

The database

of groups

also

and thus save hours of manual

searching.

in society

and use in leisure

particular

terminal

duce references

unptlblished abstracted

are

A search of the database

a computer

confer-

which

but also to provide

abstracts

informn-

in this way are: Tu(f~~s?~zrz,rtf rhe

in their

dambase

of

which

for SDI’s

of

topics.

ers and anyone

LRTA

contains

summaries

and

the amount

the

specific

ject

LRTA journal Each

on

lications.

of the

language.

possible a copy

by the

language

bibliographical

cluded

production

continually

is not English.

can be located.

database.

are

the

and wherever

ject

head-

refer.

abstracts

cates where

jour-

they

when

in

subdi-

subject

geographically

to which the

given

recreation

abstract

are then further

by more

publications

to

activi-

These headings

All

(LRTA).

is

neighbourhood

vided

However,

was established. LRT,4’s

the

pliers.’

country

the

Recrea-

Abstracts’

and

for

duced

and

upon

dissemination

bibliogr~~phies

and entertainment;

ings and finally

and which

problems.

accommodation;

system

is based allows

based on users’ profiles.

any

may make it clear what to work

forests

ties.

and plan-

which

are likely

information

(parks.

resources

etc): Tourism,

in touch

may create

(selected tion)

l

experience

or which

Natural

computer

psychology;

l

policy

ners keep practical

*

on

sociology.

all they need to know

mouth

researchers.

Theory,

l

at such a rate each

it is no longer

to obtain

reached

of information

is growing

people

been

The

the database

best the

Margaret Leighfield Editor, Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Abstracts Commonwealth Bureau of Agricultural Economics Dartington House Littfe Cfarendon Street Oxford

OX1 ZHH,

UK

Notes ‘LRTA, Wordlist. f4.95. *Notes on Searching LRTA online, free. 3Tbtlrism and the ERv;ronmenf. No RLl. 146 refs. f7.65 (US $16.10). 4Tourism Multipliers, No RL2. 90 refs, f6.80 (US $14.30). Further information and sample copies of LRTA can be obtained from the editor, address above.

245

liwr!~rrl

f,t<>,lf!*ir

Euro currency for travellers Euro

Trav?llers

Chequs

al. an association Europe:‘s

Iradin~

\,elop a Thomas

banks.

pean Currency

of

will

Euro

ments.

customer

Euro

Travellers

offer

relative

fir

Chrque

and not

in ECU on

a Lvill

exchange

“philosophically.

would be natural

for European

it

banks

to encourage the development

Tra\ellers

be issued

The Republic of Slnsaporc.

b>

the travel and fin,m-

suh.zidiary

of

Thomas

Cook Euro

ranss

is

now

.Ilidland

further Euro

19s:.

I i”tb in 19SI

Indications

Traveilers

developed

market

having increased its

increase to 3% hy European

complementary

show

a

for 1984.

Cheque

has been as a

card)

and

and

Eurocard

entertainment

(the

card)

accommodate the requirements vast majority

of travelling

to

of the

for

Europe.

As

with

other

in the Euro

currency

Travellrrs

Che-

of

(ASE.A.3’).

disappointing

1%

off

in

visitor

activity

and leisure

related

becoming

integral

are rapidly

parts of our day to day living patterns. In order

to help educational

tions,

government

vate

organizations

complexities industry

understand

the

of managing the tourism

Future

Canada.

institu-

agencies and pri-

has

Scenario

from

Detciiis

land Bank

The

Ltd.

don ECI.

Press

rfestinations

for the island

-

developed

illustrative

a series

education

films

of and

we

Accordinp

Using

real-life

the world.

of

examples

vide illL]strations cesses

and

tourism

from around aids pro-

of many of the pro-

impacts

associated

development.

They

with

are in-

components standing. tourism senior

and profiling associated

planning. industry.

under-

and are aimed

level students

at

and other adults development.

and videotapes

date are, firstly.

246

with

and managing the

concerned with tourism Films

the key

Tile Forrlz

available

to

nnd Strrrc-

two deTourist

can be cited to account for the reduction in visitor protractrd

arri\.als.

First

international

of all the

recession

had the effect of slowing srrength

Lane,

Lon-

destination

by Peter

Film describes a variety which

understanding

useful

in

the ways in which

re-

sort com]~llnities cally grow.

are

originate

and physi-

In this process the overall

lap-out of tourist

destinations

and the

services and facilities

com-

mon to these urban developments

are

described. by Peter

trates

resort

how

almost

Will\ams

has

down global

of the Singapore

communities

predictable

of esit

and func-

attention

upon the role of understanding

taxes.

neighbouring

feature major

This

of a fall in traffic countries

and Thailand

these

among

of

. both of the island

tourist-generating

namar-

kets in Asia. The fall in tourist apore has naturally economic

effects

local hotel

arrivals

into Sing-

had some adverse especially

industry

on

and hotel

the

occu-

pancy rates are believed to be louver than 74% they

which. if correct.

are at their

that

means

lowest

level

since

mid-1975.

Raymond J. G. Wells Senior Lecturer in Economics, Nene College, Northampton, UK

go

is

Particular

the

tion’s

clinical

tions.

to

c’spensive tourkt

and the third reason is the

Indonesia

illus-

changes in their morphology

markets

from

Tlw D_vnonGcs of Rrsort

Cor~~rmu~ities

placed tourist

in the management of resort

towns.

tended to provide a basis for stimulating discussion

for it was the

in almost

three main reasons

become a relatively

7-l Martin

framexvorks

throuph

these education

mmt; other

was a surprise

to the Singapore Board

recent imposition

This

Secondly.

examples

tail

which

cades.

htid-

o_f Ressorr Comrmrnitit*.~

Williams.

videotapes.

Real-life

-

Republic

such decline

Office,

UK.

community

of Toronto,

a J”;,

arritais

although quite common in tourist

Eaht

had a rather

dollar which has caused the country

Film service on resort development travel

no\\ his-

South

as regards tourism.

has had the result

Tourism

the Inrsest

the

AGan Nations

continued

an iIistrl]I~~ent as one of the many steps

chrques

Asx~ciation

in

travel. The second major factor is the

Europeans.

of such

in creating a unified currency structure

nation

Promotion

to Eurochr-

que (the mass cheque guarantee and electronic

destination

first

banks

product

tourist

In that year it ~zperiencrd

Travellers the

share of the market from

travel

in Europe”.

continued

serkes

The

invest-

payments,

stability

rates for travellers

Cook -

to 27”& in

has been mainly

loans and settlements

will

leader in Europe

Tmvellers

stated that ‘-Although

personal

Thomas

be

Mr D. Cnrdon

used as a unit of account for for

ECU

in

Chsqur

international,

now the ECU

the new Euro

Cheque

Bank.”

(Euro-

which

que ran??.

cial

1955.

chairman

De Liphtbuer. until

plans to dr-

in ECU

Unit).

launched during The

of

Cook Euro Travcllrrs

Cheque denominated

Chrque

Internation-

of the majority

Singapore falling

Both

progrnmmes,

(Canadian)

which cost S350

each, are available on:

16 mm film

*

34” video tape cassette

l

Beta and VHS

For

information

Toronto.

553

UK.

cassette contact Future

Richmond

Ontario,

Research

of Leisure

Street

Canada >i5V

Sce-

for Leisure

from

U’ilf

Sport

and Recreation

pool

Polytechnic.

Liverpool

1YS.

including

and

Research

It is available in limited

iVest.

TOURISM

Scholars

has recentI> been published

by the Institute

l

nario.

A Directory

;Ilurphy.

W

3AF.

edition

Department Studies, Bvrom L%.

Cost:

of

LirerStreet. f-l.50

postage and packing.

MANAGEMENT

September

1984

business houses to be equipped Ester4

terminals.

of printers. The

adoption

of videote.u technolopy

is proceeding industry.

apace

in the

In the UK

tion of British Travel members

now

British

and a UK

\vere extended

reciprocal

treatment.

Prestet access to overseas.

on

Prestet’

a commission

forma&ion Technoiog Department (DTI)

of

Trade

for testing

project

and

Travel BTA

of the

Industry Authority

and evaluation

Prestel in a number of BTA’s offices.

of

overseas

some

of which

have

Centres

linked

to them.

office

in Amsterdam

British The

came on-

is

through worked

conducting

the

same

the

project

consultancy

that

tial

market

in

(seeTu~+i~r

the

West

at present effected. to t&-pay

tions, With -

It \vill

these reserxi-

regard

to

Air

a combination

Teletel.

mrnt

France.

the

of

Alpha

People having Trletel

from

a Ggnificant

hi&C

Costs

The

announced

of

government

in July 19SJ that telephone to rise by lh”;,

1YS-I. makinp

tion of flights incorporated

of 25%

in 198-l.

.?.

10 the

use derives

~~itW~~flltt~~iCil-

August

in Alpha

to

I March

barrier

French

als will be able to cffcct direct reser\ aThis service is provided

On

of Tetrrci

charges were

termin.

Esterrl. agree

To date. Esterel

St10 orders.

spread

tions.

3 and

via

installed.

further

system has been announced

tickets

companies

19S-4. 3-4 agencies had had their erluiprtgain,

by bank card.

Alphurei

their

h:rs received

rescrva-

ie 25% of the

be possible

of

I

from

a total increase

free of charge.

and costs only the price of a telephonP

Sortrce: Britisir Trm~f ,Vrrc~s. No 84,

call.

a~

Spring

19%.

since,

Street,

London

versal

Federation

Nothing

wili

agencies

change

as far

are concerned.

they wit1 still he responsible firmation Air

for con-

‘associations,

and issuing of tic&s.

France

appravai

has recently

for

travel

_riven it<

agency units

in

Rue

BTA.

h-4 St

SWIA

IXF.

of Tmv-ct

(UFTAAI.

Drfacqz.

James’s UK;

Uni-

Agent’s

Yewsletter.

BIO50

Brussels.

Bel-

winter

feed-

gium.

Midlands

ilfnrqe~?7mr.

Vol 4, No

7. June 1980). The trials will run to the end of ilI;rrch

of 4 500 OOO annual

reservations

on the UK’s Ctub 403 project,

a plot vrdeotes system for the residen-

to the whole of Franc<,

tions would be obtained.

travel

line at the end of July f9S-l. BTA

a total

by the fn-

Division

to the British Tourist

(BTA)

with certain ftrrr-

system.

issuing

by

Ncgotia-

with a vie\v to automatic those

bility trials to extend

stems from

igxr airlines provided

re-

test.

tions are procerdinp

an based on 2 500 hontrs making average of six reservations per da!.

feasi-

*Britain

It has been calcu-

rqulations.

Prestel.

(XBTA)

to

governmrnt-sponsored

The

system.

which are not permitted

international

Agents videotex

industry

reservation

;I scat

lated that if the Versailles-Velizy

search project is now conducting the tourism

and has also created

93°K of Xssocinm

subscribe

Telecom’s

tourism

formation.

with

with the esecption

1985 and contain

two

National Park conflict study

main elements: l

installation various

of Prestel

overseas

terminals

BTA

in

cooperation principals travel

BTA

and

in the US

in the travel and tourism the provision

and tourism-related

of

Prestel

used

issue relates

from

call.

overseas

rates. The these

of a local

SO-mile-long

by around

seeking

call

crust,

two-thirds

to1 Reef

on

to

well

help

be

resolve

of Utah,

Colora-

and New Mexico, as ‘Four Corners’. crease

in

by

the

towering

National

JO0 000 admire

attraction

people

come

the grandeur

Tel&d

When

Congress

Reef from a natianaf

the

status of national

French

General

Communications, tel terminals in private

three

Directorate million

of Tele-

will have been installed

houses, free of charge. The

SNCF (French railways) already transmits 150 screen-pages of general in-

TOURISM

~A~A~EME~T

prosided grazing

for

livestock.

for a gradual permits

terminate

with

phase-out

every

monument

Permit extension permits,

the Utah

earth’s

legation

responded

is

some

year

to

of its rock formaCapitol to the

was about to run out on some

yuests for more

congressional to

time

to extend

December

1997. The la\v. adopted

October

all permits

the impacts ecosystem

of graziq

economic

grazing within

Council

Park Service a progress

Service

September

land from

Management

the Bureau

and

to do so. Some

I984

the

of

Forest

of that land

January

has been (MS)

and

report

each

and a final report

ary 1992. Its first report research

ending

to conduct the study for

\vill

submit

of

the park.

The US Research commissioned

use, as well

impact

the National

transferring

13

on the park’s

and on visitor

more

Land

to 31

1982 also calls for a study of

the park’s size from 37 000 acres.

re-

by introducing

acres

210 000

de-

ranchers’

legislation

as the

park in 1971 it also than

of

1992.

increased to

Congress

all such use to

by 31 May

As tine

sand-

where

upgraded

By the end af 1985. on the initiative of

grounds

in the

tions and to hike, picnic. or camp. Frer~ch

in:

lies an

of Utah’s Capi-

Park,

had been the traditional

National

stone cliffs. This reef, or ‘hogback’. the featured

networks.

could

in other

buttressed

to reduce

to lease capacity

others’ international

model

the junction

area known

access

US

Parks. do, Arizona,

but at present is aiming

a

conflicts

in most

is at international

BTA

charges

through

the price

the

ranchers and tourists

south-west

to costs.

access to Prestel

areas costs only telephone

as

land-use Near

important

In the UK,

by

Park Service into conflicting

land use between

information. An

commissioned

Nationat

between

sector to improve

study

and

testing them *live’; l

A

offices

projects

by I Januproposes

designed

10

to answer

247

the questions &mated.

will

The

committee

recommend NPS

two

litzratux

studies.

In

will

evaluate

tailed

and for

information search

IO research

pro-

the committee less

expensive

also consrdered options:

buy back the ranchers’ price to he negotiated:

NPS

permits

to

for a

or a review of

no

could

(apart from the usual safe-

ty and professional

thr

ulations)

by ttte 10 re..perhaps

rrstrictiuns

de-

out that the new

generated

projects

original ‘xhr

approach.”

pointed

the

of the studies. the

committee

monitor

and will

with

recommendinp

inxs&gation

proposals

research

In proposing jects.

existing

be about Sst_X) O(N).

funding

progress

Tot-

the committee

posed by Congress.

al cost of the projects.

by Community with,

proin

schrdulcd

Europe

is

National

3101

Research

C(~nstituti[~n

Council,

Avenue.

.UW,

W~~shin~ton DC 3f-fiS.

carried

out

on

To

a certain extent they

act as a check on scheduled

services

and htimulus

to

and the fares

de-

manded for them but. on the whole. arc kept on a tight regulatory governments

Change in European airlines

the major airlines.

Hotvever,

mainly

ivith

concerned

operating

rein by

for fear of und~r~~initl~

to and

they are

tourist

from

In Commission

Communities

of

has

the

European

recently

and ‘bracket’ tariffs, range within

further

offering

which

the airlines

fuelled

the debate on greater flexibil-

establish

ity

air

having to seek government

in

Feeling

route

that

and

the

“time

consider some positive a Commllnity

tarriff is

fixing. ripe”

to

moves towards

air policy the Commis-

sion has produced a packape of wide ranging

interlocking

discussion. The

measures

for

changes it recommends

mix

of bilateral

arrangements

would

The

only

with

agreements

between

and cooperation cover

tariffs

freely

lt notes that the airlines consickrin~ zones

rvhrther

can

without approvai.

are already

and in what form

of tle~ibiiity

and

intra-Community

Commission

is

aware

and

that

the airiines

for

airlines’

any

free to

government tariffs

must

be

approval.

would,

pcrccntage (such as IS”,) available should

on

be available

‘seat-only’ tourists

if

of the seats

non-scheduled

basis.

to forego

for

This

services

sale

woud

on

a

enable

the inclusive

hotel

submitted

in

a yardstick

not endangering

on fares

the major

air-

lines. Regulations to enable

should

also be relaxed

non-scheduled

services

to

carry cargo and mail.

hobvever,

have to be approved by both government

Commission that a small

while

(amend-

and governments

submitted

the

proposal

ments concerned in a bilateral

flights.

cases

it reasonable

and also provide Commission

decide which types of tariff The

povernments

between airlines,

these

~~cc[~nlmo~i~ttionif the! did not want it.

Europe. The

all

considers

with

services.

might be used in

ing an earlier one of 1’331) would leave

’

in fact keep the present structure its

their

a pricing

traffic

places

scheduled and non-scheduled The

non-

services in a highly competi-

tive market.

Dcrtrils:

in aircraft

zay. 35 seat> or Ie>s.

vide ;f studv system for the .YPS to uist’ parks”.

services

operators

Over .half,of passenger air transport

in resolving

conflict:, at other national

competence reg-

on intrs-Communitl;

agree-

the forms

of

Gradual but vitat The

Commission

ackno\vledges

that

more sweeping changes. akin to those

bracket tariffs

with a nl~~linllIn1 inter-

any air transport

chsn?es

introduced

val

the

Community

take account of in-

in the USA

be impossible ditions

would

in IWS,

under the different

in the Community.

the proposals

con-

In detail

are as follows:

between

limits.

Disputes

not

agreement

proved

of origin

circumstances. Commission

should

proposes

that

it

no longer be a rigid condition

of bilateral

agreements

to insist

6n a

50/50 share of traffic services between one

country

order

to

5nd

ensure

another. that

no

But,

in

airline

is

squeezed out agreements may guarantee any one party 23%

of the market

at least.

would

consultation. country

The

upper

the fares sion

recent USA

developments

between

and some European

tion Conference establishing

248

highlights

(ECAC)

a number

Civil

the Avia-

countries of

in

reference

The

Commis-

that such a procedure by airlines

the

of innovative

fare policies.

must

ternational

obligations

of other interested Association (AEA), dent

of

Air

ployee

Carriers and

user

and that

evolutionary.

ancillary

Commission

considers

airlines

that

the

would be given

if it were easier

for smaller

to run scheduled services.

such

as on routes at present ignored by the major airlines

To

ivill take a long

it sugsestr, 30

be

a ser-

000 people in

plus probably 200 000

workers

cannot

sumer

and commercial

afford

to

to meet changing con-

Deroiis from European 3AT.

and em-

8 Storey’s UK.

Tel

needs. Communities Gate. London (CJI) 172 8173.

because they are unpro-

fitable for large aircraft. it might

(.\CE),

or fail

SWIP

Airlines

of Indepen-

orgmizations.

ossify

Commission,

those

change can only

But.

vice that employs

Smaller airlines

as

European

achieve any consensus time

3s \tefl

the

bodies such as the

the Association

the Community

a boost report

the

be allowed to approve

and enterprising

The

Commission’s

if

in certain

give adequate scope for

introduction

by

but

impossible would,

civil aviation industry The

louver

be settled

arbitration.

unilaterally.

suggests

would

and

within

be possible

Alternatively

to abandon all

TOURISM

Reference ‘COM (84) 72. 15 March 1984.

MANAGEMENT

September

1984