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Tu2021 Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Novel Probiotic Yeasts Isolated From Japanese “Miso” on DSS-Induced Colitis
AGA Abstracts
TH17 cell differentiation in vitro. When naïve CD4+T cells were stimulated in a medium containing components for TH17 cell differentiation, the % of IL17A-producing CD4+T cells and RORg-expressing CD4+ T cells (TH17) were significantly increased compared to TH0 cells. LR17938 treatment inhibited the % of IL17A-producing (from 10.5±2.6% to 0.5±0.1%, p<0.001) and the percentage of RORg-expressing cells (from 8.9±1.4% to 2.5±0.7%, p<0.01) TH17 cells. When we assessed the effect of LR17938 on transcriptional activity by using HEK293T cells transiently transfected with GAL4-DBD/ROR a/g -LBD and GAL4 promoter plasmids followed by treatment with LR17938 culture (LRc), LR17938 bacteria (LRb) and LR17938 culture supernatant (LRs), respectively, we found that LRc, LRb and LRs all inhibited RORa or RORg-dependent reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. LR17938 treatment also inhibited IL-17 promoter activity in EL4 cells co-transfected with ROR a or RORg and the IL17A promoter reporter. CONCLUSIONS: Probiotic LR17938 and its secreted products suppress TH17 cell differentiation via antagonizing RORa/g activity. LR17938 may be beneficial in treating TH17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
IL-17A secretion in plasma and colon mucosa tissues. F. prausnitzii supernatant can also treat colitis in mice by reducing IL-6.
Tu2023 Impact of Oral Feeding Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 on Microbial Composition of Feces and CD62L+T Cells in Intestinal Mucosa of Healthy Breast-Fed Mouse Pups Yuying Liu, Baokun He, Thomas K. Hoang, Ting Wang, Michael J. Ferris, Christopher M. Taylor, Stefan Roos, Dat Q. Tran, J. Marc Rhoads BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 (LR17938) has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects in animal models of intestinal inflammation. Early administration of LR17938 in infancy may also improve gut health by reducing pathogen colonization and facilitating immune surveillance. L-selectin (CD62L) is normally highly expressed in naïve T cells, which utilize CD62L expression to facilitate immune surveillance by programming T cells. We hypothesize that early administration of LR17938 will change microbial composition and increase resident CD62L+ cells in the gut. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect of early oral feeding LR17938 on gut microbiota and mucosal CD62L-expressing T cells in healthy dam-fed mouse pups. METHODS: C57BL/6J (WT, n=6) mice were fed LR17938 (107 cfu/day, daily) (WTL, n=5) by gavage at 8 days of life (DOL) for 2 weeks. Cecum/ rectum contents were collected at DOL 22. The composition of the stool microbiota was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing analysis of PCR-amplified 16s rRNA genes. Bacterial diversity, species composition, and abundance were assessed using the QIIME. Immune cells isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and intestines (INT) of each mouse were stained with T cell markers of CD4, CD8, and CD62L and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Principal coordinates analysis indicated that oral feeding of LR17938 is associated with a shift in microbial community composition and an increase in the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes (37.7% by LR17938 compared to 17.9% without LR17938, p<0.05) and the genus Parabacteroides (44.7% by LR17938 compared to 12.9% without LR17938, p<0.001). Parabacteroides species have been reported to produce bacteriocins which protect against the invasion of pathogens. Anaeroplasma was undetectable at DOL8 and 15, but its relative abundance was 12.8% on DOL22, which was decreased by LR17938 (0.3%, p<0.001). Bifidobacterium from breast milk generally represents an important commensal, being among the first microbial colonizers of the gut. In our study, Bifidobacterium was only detectable on DOL8 (0.3%), and it was undetectable on DOL15 or 22. Lactobacillus was 33.7% on DOL8 and decreased to 3.9% on DOL15, and 0.1% on DOL22. However, lactobacilli were increased to 12.5% on DOL22 after feeding LR17938. We tested the % of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD62L expressing-naïve T cells in the MLN and INT of mice. We found that LR17938 increased the % of CD62L+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the INT (p<0.05) and MLN (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early oral administration of LR17938 to healthy damfed mice resulted in microbiota profiles that would be predicted to be beneficial to gut health. The increased % of CD62L+CD8+ T cells by LR17938 indicated that LR17938 may promote immune surveillance by increasing the number of cytotoxic T cells in healthy individuals.
Tu2021 Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Novel Probiotic Yeasts Isolated From Japanese "Miso" on DSS-Induced Colitis Yoshikiyo Okada, Yoshikazu Tsuzuki, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Takeshi Takajo, Hirotaka Furuhashi, Masaaki Higashiyama, Kenichi Yoshikawa, Kengo Tomita, Chikako Watanabe, Shunsuke Komoto, Chie Kurihara, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Ryota Hokari BACKGROUND: Many types of probiotics have been used for clinical trails and animal experimental models in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) until now. Although most of these microorganisms are eubacteria such as genus Lactobacillus or genus Bifidobacterium, yeasts classified as fungi in eukaryotic microorganisms have also been reported to have abilities for probiotics. In this study, we successfully isolated a novel probiotic yeast (strain I-6) from Miso (Japanese traditional fermented seasoning paste made from soybeans and high-salt with cereal grain) and examined its anti-inflammatory effect on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. MATELIALS AND METHODS: The Miso paste was homogenized and plated on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium containing antibiotics and 10% NaCl for selection of yeasts. A single colony was picked and sorted out by its ability for production of IL-10 in CD11c+ bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Intragastric administration of the probiotic yeast isolated from Miso was performed in C57BL/ 6 mice every day during administration of 4% DSS in water for 7 days. The degree of colonic inflammation and mRNA levels of expression of cytokines in the colonic mucosa were determined. The subsets of CD4+ T cells in MLNs were also analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Among 240 screened colonies isolated from 24 different kinds of Miso, one strain of probiotic yeast was established (strain I-6). I-6 showed a high level of IL-10 induction in BMDCs culture supernatant and that level was significantly higher than in the case of control and other yeast strains. The induction ability of IL-10 in vitro was observed by the treatment of either I-6 living cells or I-6 dead cells. After DSS treatment, mice showed shortening of colonic length, thickening of colonic wall with marked inflammatory cell infiltration. These morphological changes were significantly attenuated by administration of I-6. mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF- a in the colonic mucosa were also attenuated by I-6 administration. In addition, the number of Foxp3-CD4+ T cells in MLNs was significantly increased by I-6 administration. Conclusion: Strain I-6, a newly established probiotic yeast isolated from Miso, showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect on DSS-induced colitis. These attenuating affect could be derived from the cell components of I-6, which may increase the induction of IL-10 by directly influencing antigen-presenting cells such as CD11c+ BMDCs. These findings demonstrated that Japanese traditional fermented foods such as Miso could be source for the isolation of novel probiotics strains other than eubacteria that is effective for IBD therapy or treatment.
Tu2024 A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Multi-Strain Probiotic in Treatment of Chronic Symptoms in Diverticular Disease Ingvar Bjarnason, Charlotte Kvasnovsky, Anna N. Donaldson, Roy A. Sherwood, Savvas Papagrigoriadis Background The emergency treatment for acute diverticulitis and its complications are well established but there are no proven treatments for the more chronic symptoms of diverticular disease, which resemble that of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. We assessed the possible effect of Symprove, a multi strain probiotic, on these symptoms in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Methods This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of the probiotic Symprove in adult patients with symptomatic diverticular disease. 143 patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mL/kg/day of the probiotic (N=72) or placebo (N=71) for 3 months. The primary endpoint was a change in abdominal pain. Secondary endpoints included nine abdominal symptoms and changes in faecal calprotectin. Results 120 patients completed the trial. Pain score with the probiotic decreased from 9.5±7.7 to 5.9±6.7, which did not differ significantly ( P=0.12) with that of placebo (7.5±7.0 to 6.1±6.4). The probiotic improved constipation, diarrhoea, mucorrhoea, back pain and vaginal discharge significantly (p < 0.04) above that of placebo, but not abdominal pain, PR bleeding, dysuria or bloating. Symprove prevented an increase in intestinal inflammation in male patients (p =0.05) Conclusions Multi-strain liquid probiotic did not improve abdominal pain scores significantly, but significantly improved some other symptoms associated with chronic diverticular disease and prevented an escalation in inflammatory activity in male patients.
Tu2022 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Supernatant Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating Th17 Cells Differentiation Chenggong Yu, Xiaoli Huang, Xin Zhang, Xianyan Fei, Zhaogui Chen, Yanping Hao Aims:Previous studies have implicated that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) , one common anaerobic bacteria colonized in human gut, played a critical role in ulcerative colitis (UC). F.prausnitzii and supernatant are reported to have anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of F. prausnitzii supernatant on UC mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Forty male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, treatment group, and prevention group. The period of observation was ten days. In the first five days, the mice of prevention group was given supernatant of F.prausnitzii (5 times concentrated, 0.1 ml/10 g) through gavage once a day, while the other groups received the same dosage of medium. For the latter five days, all groups were treated with 3.0% DSS in their drinking water ad libitum except for control group, and the treatment group were feed with F.prausnitzii surpernatant by gavage once a day . The colorectal histopathologic damage score(HDS) were calculated, and the expression levels of ROR- gt mRNA, interleukin(IL)-17A mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in colon mucosa tissue were determined after the treatment. The proportion of Th17 in mononuclear cells(MNC) in spleen was assayed by FACS. Levels of IL-17A and IL-6 in the plasma were detected by ELISA. Results: When comparing with the model group, the colon HDS in treatment group and prevention group were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while there was no statistically significance between the treatment group and the prevention group. The proportion of Th17 postivec spleen cells in treatment group and prevention group were also significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.01).Levels of IL-17A and IL-6 in plasma in treatment group were also significantly decreased than those in model group (P<0.05) as well as the expression of ROR- gt mRNA, IL-17A mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in colon mucosa(P<0.05). However, we observed no statistically significance between prevention group and model group when estimating the expression of IL-6 both in the plasma and the colon mucosa tissues. Conclusion: F. prausnitzii supernatant exerts protective and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced UC mice, probably mediated by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and
AGA Abstracts
X : 10052$CH01 03-28-16 00:57:28 PDFd : 10052B : e
Tu2025 The Prebiotic Fructooligosaccaride Worsens Systemic Inflammation in a Murine Model of Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Michael Laffin, Troy Perry, Naomi Hotte, Richard N. Fedorak, Bryan Dicken, Karen Madsen Background: Fructooligosaccaride (FOS) is a fermentable prebiotic fiber that stimulates the growth of bifiodbacteria. Bifidobacteria in turn have been shown to have beneficial antiinflammatory effects. Patients with Crohn's disease frequently undergo ileocolic resection, but disease commonly recurs early in the neo-terminal ileum. We have previously shown using a mouse model of ileocolic resection (ICR) that surgery induces an acute gut dysbiosis with a depletion of anaerobic microbes, including bifidobacteria. Aim: In this study, we hypothesized that the addition of FOS to a post-operative diet in a mouse model of ICR would be effective in stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria and thus reducing systemic and local inflammation. Methods: ICR was performed in adult 129S1/SvlmJ IL10-/- mice
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TH17 cell differentiation in vitro. When naïve CD4+T cells were stimulated in a medium containing components for TH17 cell differentiation, the % of IL17A-producing CD4+T cells and RORg-expressing CD4+ T cells (TH17) were significantly increased compared to TH0 cells. LR17938 treatment inhibited the % of IL17A-producing (from 10.5±2.6% to 0.5±0.1%, p<0.001) and the percentage of RORg-expressing cells (from 8.9±1.4% to 2.5±0.7%, p<0.01) TH17 cells. When we assessed the effect of LR17938 on transcriptional activity by using HEK293T cells transiently transfected with GAL4-DBD/ROR a/g -LBD and GAL4 promoter plasmids followed by treatment with LR17938 culture (LRc), LR17938 bacteria (LRb) and LR17938 culture supernatant (LRs), respectively, we found that LRc, LRb and LRs all inhibited RORa or RORg-dependent reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. LR17938 treatment also inhibited IL-17 promoter activity in EL4 cells co-transfected with ROR a or RORg and the IL17A promoter reporter. CONCLUSIONS: Probiotic LR17938 and its secreted products suppress TH17 cell differentiation via antagonizing RORa/g activity. LR17938 may be beneficial in treating TH17-mediated inflammatory diseases.
IL-17A secretion in plasma and colon mucosa tissues. F. prausnitzii supernatant can also treat colitis in mice by reducing IL-6.
Tu2023 Impact of Oral Feeding Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 on Microbial Composition of Feces and CD62L+T Cells in Intestinal Mucosa of Healthy Breast-Fed Mouse Pups Yuying Liu, Baokun He, Thomas K. Hoang, Ting Wang, Michael J. Ferris, Christopher M. Taylor, Stefan Roos, Dat Q. Tran, J. Marc Rhoads BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 (LR17938) has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects in animal models of intestinal inflammation. Early administration of LR17938 in infancy may also improve gut health by reducing pathogen colonization and facilitating immune surveillance. L-selectin (CD62L) is normally highly expressed in naïve T cells, which utilize CD62L expression to facilitate immune surveillance by programming T cells. We hypothesize that early administration of LR17938 will change microbial composition and increase resident CD62L+ cells in the gut. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect of early oral feeding LR17938 on gut microbiota and mucosal CD62L-expressing T cells in healthy dam-fed mouse pups. METHODS: C57BL/6J (WT, n=6) mice were fed LR17938 (107 cfu/day, daily) (WTL, n=5) by gavage at 8 days of life (DOL) for 2 weeks. Cecum/ rectum contents were collected at DOL 22. The composition of the stool microbiota was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing analysis of PCR-amplified 16s rRNA genes. Bacterial diversity, species composition, and abundance were assessed using the QIIME. Immune cells isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and intestines (INT) of each mouse were stained with T cell markers of CD4, CD8, and CD62L and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Principal coordinates analysis indicated that oral feeding of LR17938 is associated with a shift in microbial community composition and an increase in the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes (37.7% by LR17938 compared to 17.9% without LR17938, p<0.05) and the genus Parabacteroides (44.7% by LR17938 compared to 12.9% without LR17938, p<0.001). Parabacteroides species have been reported to produce bacteriocins which protect against the invasion of pathogens. Anaeroplasma was undetectable at DOL8 and 15, but its relative abundance was 12.8% on DOL22, which was decreased by LR17938 (0.3%, p<0.001). Bifidobacterium from breast milk generally represents an important commensal, being among the first microbial colonizers of the gut. In our study, Bifidobacterium was only detectable on DOL8 (0.3%), and it was undetectable on DOL15 or 22. Lactobacillus was 33.7% on DOL8 and decreased to 3.9% on DOL15, and 0.1% on DOL22. However, lactobacilli were increased to 12.5% on DOL22 after feeding LR17938. We tested the % of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD62L expressing-naïve T cells in the MLN and INT of mice. We found that LR17938 increased the % of CD62L+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the INT (p<0.05) and MLN (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early oral administration of LR17938 to healthy damfed mice resulted in microbiota profiles that would be predicted to be beneficial to gut health. The increased % of CD62L+CD8+ T cells by LR17938 indicated that LR17938 may promote immune surveillance by increasing the number of cytotoxic T cells in healthy individuals.
Tu2021 Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Novel Probiotic Yeasts Isolated From Japanese "Miso" on DSS-Induced Colitis Yoshikiyo Okada, Yoshikazu Tsuzuki, Yuichi Yasutake, Koji Maruta, Takeshi Takajo, Hirotaka Furuhashi, Masaaki Higashiyama, Kenichi Yoshikawa, Kengo Tomita, Chikako Watanabe, Shunsuke Komoto, Chie Kurihara, Shigeaki Nagao, Soichiro Miura, Ryota Hokari BACKGROUND: Many types of probiotics have been used for clinical trails and animal experimental models in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) until now. Although most of these microorganisms are eubacteria such as genus Lactobacillus or genus Bifidobacterium, yeasts classified as fungi in eukaryotic microorganisms have also been reported to have abilities for probiotics. In this study, we successfully isolated a novel probiotic yeast (strain I-6) from Miso (Japanese traditional fermented seasoning paste made from soybeans and high-salt with cereal grain) and examined its anti-inflammatory effect on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. MATELIALS AND METHODS: The Miso paste was homogenized and plated on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium containing antibiotics and 10% NaCl for selection of yeasts. A single colony was picked and sorted out by its ability for production of IL-10 in CD11c+ bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Intragastric administration of the probiotic yeast isolated from Miso was performed in C57BL/ 6 mice every day during administration of 4% DSS in water for 7 days. The degree of colonic inflammation and mRNA levels of expression of cytokines in the colonic mucosa were determined. The subsets of CD4+ T cells in MLNs were also analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Among 240 screened colonies isolated from 24 different kinds of Miso, one strain of probiotic yeast was established (strain I-6). I-6 showed a high level of IL-10 induction in BMDCs culture supernatant and that level was significantly higher than in the case of control and other yeast strains. The induction ability of IL-10 in vitro was observed by the treatment of either I-6 living cells or I-6 dead cells. After DSS treatment, mice showed shortening of colonic length, thickening of colonic wall with marked inflammatory cell infiltration. These morphological changes were significantly attenuated by administration of I-6. mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF- a in the colonic mucosa were also attenuated by I-6 administration. In addition, the number of Foxp3-CD4+ T cells in MLNs was significantly increased by I-6 administration. Conclusion: Strain I-6, a newly established probiotic yeast isolated from Miso, showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect on DSS-induced colitis. These attenuating affect could be derived from the cell components of I-6, which may increase the induction of IL-10 by directly influencing antigen-presenting cells such as CD11c+ BMDCs. These findings demonstrated that Japanese traditional fermented foods such as Miso could be source for the isolation of novel probiotics strains other than eubacteria that is effective for IBD therapy or treatment.
Tu2024 A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Multi-Strain Probiotic in Treatment of Chronic Symptoms in Diverticular Disease Ingvar Bjarnason, Charlotte Kvasnovsky, Anna N. Donaldson, Roy A. Sherwood, Savvas Papagrigoriadis Background The emergency treatment for acute diverticulitis and its complications are well established but there are no proven treatments for the more chronic symptoms of diverticular disease, which resemble that of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. We assessed the possible effect of Symprove, a multi strain probiotic, on these symptoms in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Methods This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of the probiotic Symprove in adult patients with symptomatic diverticular disease. 143 patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 mL/kg/day of the probiotic (N=72) or placebo (N=71) for 3 months. The primary endpoint was a change in abdominal pain. Secondary endpoints included nine abdominal symptoms and changes in faecal calprotectin. Results 120 patients completed the trial. Pain score with the probiotic decreased from 9.5±7.7 to 5.9±6.7, which did not differ significantly ( P=0.12) with that of placebo (7.5±7.0 to 6.1±6.4). The probiotic improved constipation, diarrhoea, mucorrhoea, back pain and vaginal discharge significantly (p < 0.04) above that of placebo, but not abdominal pain, PR bleeding, dysuria or bloating. Symprove prevented an increase in intestinal inflammation in male patients (p =0.05) Conclusions Multi-strain liquid probiotic did not improve abdominal pain scores significantly, but significantly improved some other symptoms associated with chronic diverticular disease and prevented an escalation in inflammatory activity in male patients.
Tu2022 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Supernatant Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating Th17 Cells Differentiation Chenggong Yu, Xiaoli Huang, Xin Zhang, Xianyan Fei, Zhaogui Chen, Yanping Hao Aims:Previous studies have implicated that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) , one common anaerobic bacteria colonized in human gut, played a critical role in ulcerative colitis (UC). F.prausnitzii and supernatant are reported to have anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of F. prausnitzii supernatant on UC mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Forty male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, treatment group, and prevention group. The period of observation was ten days. In the first five days, the mice of prevention group was given supernatant of F.prausnitzii (5 times concentrated, 0.1 ml/10 g) through gavage once a day, while the other groups received the same dosage of medium. For the latter five days, all groups were treated with 3.0% DSS in their drinking water ad libitum except for control group, and the treatment group were feed with F.prausnitzii surpernatant by gavage once a day . The colorectal histopathologic damage score(HDS) were calculated, and the expression levels of ROR- gt mRNA, interleukin(IL)-17A mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in colon mucosa tissue were determined after the treatment. The proportion of Th17 in mononuclear cells(MNC) in spleen was assayed by FACS. Levels of IL-17A and IL-6 in the plasma were detected by ELISA. Results: When comparing with the model group, the colon HDS in treatment group and prevention group were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while there was no statistically significance between the treatment group and the prevention group. The proportion of Th17 postivec spleen cells in treatment group and prevention group were also significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.01).Levels of IL-17A and IL-6 in plasma in treatment group were also significantly decreased than those in model group (P<0.05) as well as the expression of ROR- gt mRNA, IL-17A mRNA and IL-6 mRNA in colon mucosa(P<0.05). However, we observed no statistically significance between prevention group and model group when estimating the expression of IL-6 both in the plasma and the colon mucosa tissues. Conclusion: F. prausnitzii supernatant exerts protective and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced UC mice, probably mediated by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and
AGA Abstracts
X : 10052$CH01 03-28-16 00:57:28 PDFd : 10052B : e
Tu2025 The Prebiotic Fructooligosaccaride Worsens Systemic Inflammation in a Murine Model of Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Michael Laffin, Troy Perry, Naomi Hotte, Richard N. Fedorak, Bryan Dicken, Karen Madsen Background: Fructooligosaccaride (FOS) is a fermentable prebiotic fiber that stimulates the growth of bifiodbacteria. Bifidobacteria in turn have been shown to have beneficial antiinflammatory effects. Patients with Crohn's disease frequently undergo ileocolic resection, but disease commonly recurs early in the neo-terminal ileum. We have previously shown using a mouse model of ileocolic resection (ICR) that surgery induces an acute gut dysbiosis with a depletion of anaerobic microbes, including bifidobacteria. Aim: In this study, we hypothesized that the addition of FOS to a post-operative diet in a mouse model of ICR would be effective in stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria and thus reducing systemic and local inflammation. Methods: ICR was performed in adult 129S1/SvlmJ IL10-/- mice
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