Two new records of false click beetle (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) from Korea

Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 308e311

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb

Short Communication

Two new records of false click beetle (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) from Korea Jinbae Seung a, b, Seunghwan Lee a, b, * a b

Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea

a r t i c l e i n f o

a b s t r a c t

Article history: Received 18 October 2017 Received in revised form 10 January 2018 Accepted 15 January 2018 Available online 3 February 2018

Two eucnemid species, Otho sphondyloides (Germar 1818) and Hylochares harmandi Fleutiaux, 1900, belonging to subfamily Melasinae (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) are reported for the first time from Korea. Full redescriptions and photographs of diagnostic structures for each species are provided. Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Keywords: Hylochares harmandi Korea Melasinae Otho sphondyloides Taxonomy

Introduction Otho Lacordaire, 1857 and Hylochares Latreille, 1834 are the genera belonging to tribe Calyptocerini and Hylocharini of subfamily Melasinae (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae), respectively. Both genera are small groups. Otho consists of eight species including four Palaearctic species:, among them, three species are distributed in Japanese fauna (Nakane 1987; Muona 2007, 2011). Hylochares is comprised of eight species worldwide with three Palaearctic species (Muona 2007, 2011; Brüstle and Muona 2009). Until now, no species of these genera has been recognized from Korean Peninsula. Otho is easily recognized by following combinations of characters: body elongate and cylindrical; frons with a mediolongitudinal keel; antennae pectinate or strongly serrate; third antennomere small and subequal to second; pronotum strongly convex with a median groove; hypomeral antennal grooves absent; metacoxal plate subparallel-sided; aedeagus bulbous with triangular median lobe (Lacordaire 1857; Bonvouloir 1875; Fleutiaux 1935; Hisamatsu 1985; Muona 1993).

Hylochares is morphologically identified by following diagnostic characters: body oblong and cylindrical; antennae weakly serrate or moniliform; third antennomere about twice longer than second; pronotum with transverse impression at middle; elytral striae welldeveloped with regular rows of punctures; hypomeral antennal grooves absent; metacoxal plate parallel-sided; aedeagus bulbous with apically broad median lobe (Latreille 1834; Bonvouloir 1875; Fleutiaux 1935; Hisamatsu 1985; Muona 2000). In case of Hylochares, Hylochares cruentatus (Gyllenhal) has been known as a specialist of large standing dead wood with white rot, such as willow (Mannerheim 1823; Kangas and Kangas 1944). Another species, Hylochares nigricornis (Say) were observed from trunk of dead tree of beech, elm, and willow (Blatchley 1910; Knull 1946). Additionally, Muona and Brüstle (2008) described in detail the biology of H. cruentatus from Southern Finland. In this study, we firstly report two species of Melasinae, Otho sphondyloides (Germar 1818) and Hylochares harmandi Fleutiaux, 1900 from Korea. Redescriptions and photographs of diagnostic characters for each species are provided. Materials and methods

* Corresponding author. Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea. Tel.: þ82 2 880 4703; fax: þ82 2 873 2319. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Lee). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).

Most samples examined for the present study were collected by the flight intercept traps (FIT, window trap) or with naked eye between 2015 and 2016. All collected samples were preserved in 99% alcohol (ETOH) and made into dried specimens by double

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.010 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

J Seung, S Lee / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 308e311

mounted method. Photographs for each species were taken by a digital camera (EOS-600D, CANON, Japan) through MP-E 65 mm lens. Samples for the present study are deposited in the insect collection of the College for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University (CALS, SNU, Seoul, Korea). The abbreviations for collection localities are as follows: GG, Gyeonggi-do; GW, Gangwon-do; CN, Chungcheongnam-do; JJ, Jejudo (Is.).

Systematic accounts Family Eucnemidae Eschscholtz, 1829 Subfamily Melasinae Fleming, 1821 Tribe Calyptocerini Muona, 1993 Genus Otho Lacordaire, 1857 Otho Lacordaire, 1857: 113. Type species: Melasis sphondyloides Germar, 1818. Otho sphondyloides (Germar, 1818) (Figure 1 AeI) Melasis sphondyloides Germar, 1818: 235. Hypocoelus sibiricus Motschulsky, 1845: 34. Redescription. Female (Figure 1 AeC) 6.1w8.5 mm long and 2.0w2.8 mm wide. Body elongate, cylindrical, and strongly convex; mostly black; antennae, mouthparts, frontoclypeal region, elytral humeri, femur, and tibiae ferruginous; tarsi chestnut to yellowish brown; surfaces fairly glossy, covered with yellowish gray pubescence. Head strongly inserted into prothorax, barely visible in

Figure 1. Otho sphondyloides (Germar, 1818). AeI, female: A, dorsal habitus; B, ventral habitus; C, lateral habitus; D, antenna; E, frons; F, metepisternum; G, metatarsi; H, metacoxal plate; I, fifth abdominal ventrite .

309

dorsal view; surfaces mostly with circular and dense punctures, becoming rougher and more irregular near frontoclypeal region; with a medio-longitudinal keel from vertex to apical margin of frontoclypeal region, indistinct near vertex; frontoclypeal region (Figure 1E) transversely depressed, weakly bifurcated at apical margin, width of apical margin about 2.3 times wider than distance between antennal sockets. Antennae (Figure 1D) serrate, not reaching metacoxal plate, covered with yellowish brown pubescence; first antennomere oblong and robust; second obconical and short, about 1.8 times longer than third; third shortest and transverse; fourth widened toward apex, about 1.5 times longer than wide, approximately 1.4 times longer than secondwthird combined, and about 1.4 times longer than fifth; fifthwtenth subequal, strongly toothed; apical antennomere oblong, about 2.5 times longer than wide, and about 1.9 times longer than tenth. Pronotum strongly convex, about 1.25 times wider than long, subparallelsided near base, abruptly narrowed anteriad from basal half, and arcuate anteriorly; surfaces mostly with fine, dense, and rough punctures, becoming larger and sparser at lateral and posterior regions; disc with a distinct medio-longitudinal groove extending full length of pronotum; with symmetrical, transverse depressions at middle; a pair of deep dimples presented at base; antescutellar lobe broadly truncated; pronotal posterior angles short, sharply projecting, and almost exceeding posterior margin of antescutellar lobe. Scutellum triangular, about 1.5 times wider than long; gradually narrowed posteriad, and slightly rounded apically; surface barely punctate and pubescent, fairly glabrous. Elytra conjointly with width to length as about 1 to 2.4, parallel-sided, gradually attenuated near apices; disc distinctly striated, with rough and deep punctures; interstriae strongly convex; several large and deep punctures present near apices; simply rounded apically. Prosternum strongly transverse, gradually widened anteriad; mostly with fine and sparse punctures, becoming sparser laterally; prosternal process stout, gradually narrowed and slanted posteriad; hypomeron mostly with large, irregular, and rough punctures, becoming larger and sparser posteriorly; with coarse surface at posterior fossae; hypomeral antennal groove absent. Mesosternum with fine and irregular punctures; mesopleuron with sparse punctures, especially at anteriorly. Metasternum with fine, regular, and dense punctures; with a medio-longitudinal groove extending full length of metasternum; metepisternum (Figure 1F) gradually widened posteriad, widest width about 1.3 times wider than outer margin of metacoxal plate; metacoxal plate (Figure 1H) gradually expanded outward, laterally about 1.5 times wider than medially. Legs (Figure 1G) moderate in length, fairly slender; first metatarsomere about 1.4 times longer than secondwfourth combined; second about 1.3 times longer than third; fifth about 1.4 times longer than second; claws simple. Abdomen with punctures as those of matasternum; each ventrite convex medially; fifth ventrite gradually narrowed posteriad, weakly projected at apical margin (Figure 1I). Male unavailable specimen in this study. Specimens examined. 2 \, Osaek-ri, Seo-myeon, Yangyang-gun, 20 vi 2015 (leg. S. H. Lee); 1 \, Wangsan-ri, Wangsan-myeon, Gangneung-si, 5-29 vi 2016 (leg. Seung and Jung by FIT). Distribution. Korea (New record), Japan, Europe (Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine). Remarks. O. sphondyloides similar to Otho amamiensis and Otho nipponicus from Japan but can be distinguished by serrate antennae of female, while other two Japanese species have strongly pectinate antennae. Individual variation is observed in coloration of elytral humeri and frontoclypeal region, blackish brown to ferruginous.

310

J Seung, S Lee / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 308e311

Tribe Hylocharini Jacquelin du Val, 1859 Genus Hylochares Latreille, 1834. Hylochares Latreille, 1834: 127. Type species: Elater cruentatus Gyllenhal, 1808. Hylochares harmandi Fleutiaux, 1900 (Figure 1AeO) Hylochares harmandi Fleutiaux, 1900: 360. Redescription. Male (Figure 2A and CeD) 4.8w6.6 mm long and 1.5w2.2 mm wide. Body oblong, cylindrical, and strongly convex; mostly black; antennae dark ferruginous to dull black; tibiae, femur, and tarsi chestnut; surfaces strongly glossy, rarely covered with short yellowish brown hairs. Head deeply inserted into prothorax, barely visible in dorsal view; surfaces mostly with circular and irregular punctures, becoming rougher and denser at frontoclypeal region; frons with a distinct longitudinal depression; frontoclypeal region (Figure 2G) distinctly trifurcated at apical margin, broadly rounded at median lobe, width of apical margin about 2.3 times wider than distance between antennal sockets. Antennae (Figure 2E) moniliform, almost reaching metepisternum, covered with golden pubescence; first antennomere robust; second obconical and shortest; third elongate, about 1.65 times longer than wide, about 1.6 times longer than second, and about 1.4 times longer than fourth; fourthwtenth subequal, as long as wide; apical antennomere oblong, truncated at apex, about 1.7 times longer than wide, and about 1.5 times longer than previous. Pronotum strongly convex, about 1.1 times wider than long, parallel-sided near base, abruptly narrowed anteriad from basal half, and almost truncated anteriorly; surfaces mostly with rougher punctures those of head, becoming slightly larger and denser laterally, irregularly and sparsely punctate at posterior region; with transverse depressions longitudinally and laterally at middle, strongly impressed at middle of base; antescutellar lobe almost truncated; pronotal posterior angles short, weakly projecting, and almost exceeding posterior margin of antescutellar lobe. Scutellum quadrate, as long as wide, subparallel-sided, weakly narrowed posteriad, and slightly rounded apically; surface rarely punctate, barely

Figure 2. Hylochares harmandi Fleutiaux, 1900. A, CeE, G, IeO, male; B, F, H, female: AeB, dorsal habitus; C, ventral habitus; D, lateral habitus; EeF, antenna; GeH, frons; I, metepisternum; J, hypomeron; K, metacoxal plate; L, fifth abdominal ventrite; MeN, aedeagus; O, metatarsi .

pubescent. Elytra conjointly with width to length as about 1 to 2.3, parallel-sided, gradually attenuated near apices; disc strongly striated, with rows of strong and deep punctures; interstriae strongly convex; several strong and large punctures present near apices; simply rounded apically. Prosternum transverse, weakly widened anteriad, and distinctly trilobed at anterior margin; surfaces with more scattered punctures than those of pronotum, becoming finer and denser anteriorly and posteriorly, larger at lateral region; prosternal process robust, gradually tapered and declined posteriad; hypomeron (Figure 2J) punctate with larger and more irregular punctures than those of prosternum; with rough surface at posterior fossae; hypomeral antennal grooves absent. Mesosternum finely and coarsely punctate; mesopleuron with rough and coarse puctures. Metasternum with finer, denser, and more regular punctures than those of prosternum; with a mediolongitudinal groove, not reaching anterior margin; metepisternum (Figure 2I) gradually widened posteriad, widest width about 1.4 times wider than outer margin of metacoxal plate; metacoxal plate (Figure 2K) slightly expanded inward, weakly concave at middle, medially about 1.2 times wider than laterally. Legs (Figure 2O) moderate in length and fairy robust; length of secondwfourth metatarsomeres combined about 1.2 times longer than first; second about 1.3 times longer than third; fifth about 1.8 times longer than second; claws simple. Abdomen mostly with punctures as those of metasternum, rougher and denser at apical region of fifth ventrite; each ventrites convex; fifth ventrite abruptly narrowed, compressed and distinctly beaked at apex (Figure 2L). Aedeagus (Figure 2MeN) bulbous, dorsoventrally flattened, about 3.5 times longer than wide; median lobe stout, with weakly biconcave-sided near apex, simply rounded at apical margin, and fused with lateral lobes; lateral lobes distinctly shorter than median lobe, parallel-sided, rounded at apex, and rarely setose apically; basal piece quadrate, as long as wide, almost one-fourth of length of aedeagus. Female (Figure 2B) very similar to male, such as linear ratio of base to apical margin of frontoclypeal region (Figure 2H) but can be distinguished by the following characters: body more large and stout, 6.3w8.8 mm long and 2.1w3.0 mm wide; third antennomere more elongate than those of male, about 1.9 times longer than wide, about 1.7 times longer than fourth; apical segment about twice longer than wide, about 1.7 times longer than tenth (Figure 2F); first metatarsomere as long as secondwfourth combined; second about 1.6 times longer than third. Specimens examined. 2 _, Mt. Kalbong, Seungan-ri, Gapyeong-eup, Gapyeong-gun, 8 vi 2009 (leg. H. C. Park); 1 _, 1 \, Samhoe-ri, Cheongpyeong-myeon, Gapyeong-gun, 27 v 2016 (leg. S. H. Lee). 1 \, Beopheung-ri, Suju-myeon, Yeongwolgun, 19 vi-2 vii 2015 (leg. Seung and Lee by FIT); 1 \, Wangsan-ri, Wangsan-myeon, Gangneung-si, 5-29 vi 2016 (leg. Seung and Jung by FIT). 1 _, Bunam-ri, Sindoan-myeon, Gyeryong-si, 30 v 1987 (leg. U. H. Baek); 1 _, Mt. Manin, Haso-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon-si, 6 vi 2016 (leg. M. S. Oh). 1 _, Gyorae gotjawal, Gyorae-ri, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, 12 v-10 vi 2016 (leg. Seung and Jung by FIT). Distribution. Korea (New record), Japan, Russia (Far East). Remarks. Hylochares harmandi can be easily distinguished from other Korean eucnemid species by characteristic frons, antennae, pronotum, elytral striae, and apical margin of fifth abdominal ventrite. Adults were observed wandering at felling timbers in May and June. Individual variation was appeared in body size between male and female (smallest male: 4.8 mm; largest female: 8.8 mm). Conflicts of interest The author declares that there is no conflicts of interest.

J Seung, S Lee / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 308e311

Acknowledgments The authors are very thankful to Dr. Boohee Jung (Korean Entomological Institute, Korea University, Korea), Mr. Seunghyun Lee, and Mr. Minseok Oh for assistance to collect samples for this study. The research on the species newly recorded in Korea was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201601203).

References Blatchley W. 1910. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or Beetles (exclusive of the Rhynchophora) known to occur in Indiana, with bibliography and descriptions of new species. Indianapolis, Indiana: Nature Publishing. p. 1386. Bonvouloir HA. 1875. Monographie de la Famille des Eucnémides, 4th part. Annales de la Société entomologique de France (40). Supplement: 561w907, pis. 37w42. Brüstle L, Muona J. 2009. Life-history studies versus genetic markers e the case of Hylochares cruentatus (Coleoptera, Eucnemidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 47 (4):337e343. Fleutiaux E. 1935. Essai d’un genera des Eucnemididae Paléarctiques. Revue Française D’Entomologie 2:1e18. Hisamatsu S. 1985. Eucnemidae, In Colored Illustrations of the Coleoptera of Japan, vol. III. Osaka: 40w51, pis. 8w9.

311

Kangas E, Kangas J. 1944. Über die Lebensweise und die Larve von Xylophilus Cruentatus Gyll. (Col., Eucnemidae). Suomen Hyönteistieteellinen Aikakauskirja 10 (1):7e16. Knull J. 1946. A new species of Dirhagus with notes on other Eucnemidae (Coleoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 39 (2):246e247. res ou Lacordaire JT. 1857. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Genera des Coléopte exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu’ici dans cet ordre d’insectes. contenant les families des Buprestides, Troscides, Eucnémides, Élatérides, Cébrionides, Cérophytides, Rhipicérides, Dascyllides, Malacodermes, Clérides, Lyméxylones, Cupésides, Ptiniores, Bostrichides et Cissides. Libraire encyclopédique de Roret (4):579. Latreille P. 1834. Distribution méthodique et naturelle des genres de diverses tribus  res, de la famille des Serricornes. Ouvrage posthume. Annales dinsectes coléopte de la Société Entomologique de France (3):113e170. Mannerheim CG. 1823. Eucnemis, Insectorum genus, Monographice tractatum iconibusque íllustratum. Petropoli Ex Offícina Directorii Institutionis Publicae. 13w36, pis 1w2. Muona J. 1993. Review of the phylogeny, classification and biology of the family Eucnemidae (Coleoptera). Entomologica Scandinavica 44:1e133. Muona J. 2000. A revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica 212: 1e106. Muona J. 2007. Family Eucnemidae. In: Lobl I, Smetana A, editors. Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4. Stenstrup: Apollo Books. pp. 81e86. Muona J. 2011. Eucnemidae.info. In: Finnish Museum of Natural History. Available at: http://dol.luomus.fi:8080/. (Accessed 4 March 2016). Muona J, Brüstle L. 2008. Observations on the biology of Hylochares cruentatus (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae). Entomologica Fennica (11):151e158. Nakane T. 1987. New or little-known Coleoptera from Japan and its adjacent regions. XXXIX. Review of the Social Science 1:171e177.