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Two new species of the genus Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Korea
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16 (2013) 385–388
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jape
Two new species of the genus Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Korea Jong Kyun Park a,⁎, Dong Pyo Lyu b, Jinyoung Park a a b
Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea Department of Forest Science, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 2 November 2012 Revised 19 March 2013 Accepted 19 April 2013 Keywords: Systematics Coleoptera Carabidae Pterostichus New species Korea
a b s t r a c t In this paper, two new pterostichid ground beetles, Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. and Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov., are described. And also a subspecies Pterostichus bellator togyusanus Park and Kwon, 1996a is upgraded to a species Pterostichus togyusanus stat. nov. The descriptions, identification key, distribution data and photos of adults and their genitalia for each species are provided. © 2013 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Most species of the genus Pterostichus are carnivorous because they have well developed mandibles and they are general predators of insects and other invertebrates. Thus, this group can be used as natural enemies in biological control of plant feeding pests in agriculture and forestry (Park and Kwon, 1996a). In addition, these Pterostichus species are widely distributed over various zoogeographical regions of the world. Most species are found under stones, logs, barks or debris. They move quickly and are more active at night. They often hibernate during the winter as adults, with usually one new generation per year produced in Korea. Generally, pterostichid beetles are endemic because they have vestigial hind wings, so they must move only by walking. It is too difficult for them to move long distances (Park, 1994). The first species of Korean Pterostichini was reported by Morawitz (1862) who described Pterostichus rotundangulus from Korea as a new species. After this, many foreign specialists, like Bates (1873), Tschitschérine (1894, 1901), Andrewes (1923) and Jedlička (1962) etc., recorded Korean pterostichid species. In Korea, the taxonomy of this group has seldom been studied, even though a primary classification system was provided by Kwon and Lee (1986). The domestic records of Pterostichus given by some authors were mostly incorrect, due to the lack of specimens for comparison and superficial resemblance in external features to allied
species. Nevertheless, there has been no substantial work on this group that is synthetically available. Recently, works of the genus Pterostichus were carried out in Korea by Park and Kwon (1996a,b), Park and Paik (2001) and Lafer et al. (2001). This paper described two new species in Korea from two Pterostichus subgenera: Cryobius and Phaenoraphis. The new type materials treated herein are deposited in the Lab. of Entomology, Department of applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju Korea. The following abbreviations are used: L: length of body (from median labrum to elytral apex); HL: length of head; HW: width of head; PA: apical width of pronotum; PW: greatest width of pronotum; PB: basal width of pronotum; PL: median length of pronotum; EL: length of elytra; EW: width of elytra. Systematic accounts Family Carabidae Subfamily Pterostichinae Tribe Pterostichini Genus Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 Subgenus Cryobius Chaudoir, 1838
⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea. Tel.: + 850 54 530 1215; fax: + 850 54 530 1218. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.K. Park).
Only three species of subgenus Cryobius have been reported in Korea. This subgenus is characterized as follow: Tarsi without dorsal line, elytra with basal pore, elytral stria regular, basal fovea of pronotum
1226-8615/$ – see front matter © 2013 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2013.04.012
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with one longitudinal line, tarsal 5th segment with ventral setae and last abdominal sternite without protuberance in male. Matacoxa with 3 or more setae; metaepisternum subquadrate, anterior margin subequal to its length (Ball, 1966; Bousquet, 1999). Key to species of the subgenus Cryobius from Korean 1. Lateral margin of pronotum strongly sinuated at base; basal fovea linear not parallel to median line - - - - – - - - – - - - – - - - – – - - - 2 – Lateral margin of pronotum weakly sinuated at base; basal fovea linear parallel to median line - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 2. Scutellar striole long. Elytral interval 4-7 with additional pores - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -P. horvatovichi – Scutellar striole very short, or marked. Elytral interval 4-7 without additional pore — - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. splendidus sp. nov. 3. Scutellar striole very short, or marked - - - - - - - - - - - - P. coreicus – Scutellar striole long - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. kurosai Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. K. Park (Figs. 1 and 2) Description. Generally black, with strong shiny dorsally, elytra with a little coppery black luster, antennae and legs reddish brown, palpi and tarsus a lighter brown. Head smooth, with strong luster, frontal impressions straight and parallel, almost reaching the level of anterior supraorbital seta. Eyes medium-size. Tempora convex. Hind supraorbital seta situated at the same level of posterior margin to the eyes. Clypeus trapezium-shaped, apical margin of clypeus almost straight, letro-apical margin a little emarginate and with one setae on each side, apical margins of larbrum straight and bearing six setae along it.
Fig. 2. Aedeagus of Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. (bar: 1.7 mm).
Pronotum strongly cordate, widest at about 1/3 from anterior angles (PW/HW 1.37, PW/PL 1.21), weakly narrowed posteriad (PW/PB 1.35, PW/PA 1.36). Lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuate before hind angles. Hind angles almost rectangular, without denticles. Basal width of pronotum the same as apical width (PB/PA 1.00). Basal fovea of pronotum with one longitudinal line on each side, deep and wide, with transverse rugose and punctures. Elytra oval, (EL/EW 1.49, EL/PL 2.56, EW/PW 1.29), Elytral striae regular. Intervals between striae faintly convex, interval 3 with 2 setiferous discal pores in each elytron, with basal pores, scutellum striole marked. Last abdominal sternite without protuberance at the middle of sternite. Legs short and slender, segment 5 of tarsi with setae on ventral side. Aedeagus of male genitalia simple, curved, tubular, without additional lobe. Apical lamella more or less long, round at apex. Left paramere wide and oblong. Right paramere long and narrow. The body measurements are as follows (in mm): L 10.5, HL 2.2, HW 2.4, PA 2.6, PW 3.4, PB 2.6, PL 2.6, EL 6.4, EW 4.4. Material examined. Holotype ♂, Mt. Jirisan, GN, Korea, 2, VIII, 2001, coll. J. K. Park. Distribution. Korea (South). Etymology. This name derives from the Latin for “shiny or brilliant” referring to the dorsal surface of the new species. Remarks. Until now, all known Cryiobus species recorded from North Korea shows a larger body size than this new species collected from southern Korea (length 10.5 mm). Subgenus Phaenoraphis Tschitschérine, 1901
Fig. 1. Adult photo of Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. (length: 10.5 mm).
Tschitschérine (1901) reported Pterostichus acuspinus from Odaesan (= Olgonsa), Korea. After that, Jedlička (1962) treated the subgenus Phaenoraphis in his monograph of Pterostichini. There are a few checklists concerned with this subgenus group in Korea, such as those given by Kwon and Lee (1986) and Kim et al. (1994). Most pterostichid species are larger in body size, but the subgenus Phaenoraphis Tschitschérine is small, usually less than 10 mm in full length. The characters of the subgenus Phaenoraphis are as follows: size of body small (usually b10 mm), proepisterna with strong punctures. Elytral shoulders with denticles, elytral 3rd intervals with 2 pores,
J.K. Park et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16 (2013) 385–388
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elytral striae without punctures, last abdominal sternite with protuberance in male, 5th segment of tarsi without ventral seta, basal fovea of pronotum with 1 longitudinal line, elytral striae regular, elytra with basal pores, tarsi without dorsal line, mentum tooth bifurcate. Key to species of the subgenus Phaenoraphis from Korea 1. Head without punctures in dorsal view, convexity of eyes weak. Last abdominal sternite with distinct protuberance in male. Aedeagus strongly curved - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 – Head with weak punctures in dorsal view, convexity of eyes strong. Last abdominal sternite with very short or indistinct protuberance in male. Aedeagus weakly curved - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. peninsularis 2. Last abdominal sternite with cylindrical protuberance in male, round at apex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. acuspinus – Last abdominal sternite with arrowhead-shaped protuberance, sharp at apex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. sagittus sp.nov. Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov. K. Park (Figs. 3 and 4) Description. Generally dark or black, shiny. Antennae, legs and palpi reddish brown. Body size small (8–10 mm). Head smooth with a little luster, frontal impressions a little divergent to posterior, not reaching the level of anterior supraorbital seta. Eyes medium-size. Tempora not convex. Hind supraorbital seta situated distinctly behind
Fig. 4. Aedeagus (A, bar: 0.8 mm) and protuberance of last abdominal siternite in male ventrally of Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov.
of posterior margin of eyes. Clypeus trapezium-shaped, apical margin of clypeus almost straight and with one setae on each side. Latroapical margins of larbrum slightly emarginate to lateral part and bearing six setae along it. Mandibles more or less long. Pronotum weakly cordate, widest at about 1/3 from anterior angles (PW/HW 1.57, PW/PL 1.34), weakly narrowed posteriad (PW/PB 1.21, PW/PA 1.90). Lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuated before hind angles. Hind angles almost rectangular, without denticles. Basal width of pronotum greater than anterior width (PB/PA 1.26). Basal fovea of pronotum with one longitudinal line on each side, almost parallel to median line, with strong punctures near the line. Pronotal process of ventral thorax without border at tip. Elytra oval, a little long and with luster (EL/EW 1.48, EL/PL 2.38, EW/PW 1.21), shoulders with distinct denticles. Elytral striae regular. Intervals between striae faintly convex, interval 3 with 2 setiferous discal pores on each elytron. Ventral side with punctures in lateral view. Last abdominal sternite with distinct protuberance at the middle of sternite in male, like arrowhead. Legs short and slender; segment 5 of tarsi glabrous on ventral side. Aedeagus of male genitalia simple, strongly curved, tubular, without additional lobe. Apical lamella twisted to right side, rather long, round at apex. Left paramere wide and oblong. Right paramere long. The body measurements are as follows (in mm): L 7.5, HL 1.3, HW 1.6, PA 1.6, PW 2.5, PB 2.1, PL 1.9, EL 4.6, EW 3.1. Materials examined. Holotype: 1♂, 5-6, VI, 2012, Mt. Jeombongsan, Jindong-ri, Girin-myeon, Inje-gun, Gawangwondo Prov. Coll. D.P. Lyu. Paratype: 1♀ ditto. Distribution. Korea (Central). Etymology. The name “sagittus” derives from Latin word for arrow. It expresses the arrowhead-shaped projection on the male's last abdominal sternite in this new species. Remarks. Species of the subgenus Phaenoraphis shows dimorphism between males and females. Males usually show a projection at the last abdominal sternite. The shape of this projection is very important for identifying the species. This new species is very similar to P. acuspinus. However, it is distinguished from the allied species by the morphological differences of the protuberance at last abdominal sternite in males. Pterostichus togyusanus stat. nov.
Fig. 3. Adult photo of Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov. (length: 7.5 mm).
Pterostichus bellator togyusanus Park and Kwon, 1996a: 96. Holotype: ♂, Deogyusan (= Tǒgyusan), GN, Korea, 18, viii, 1991, Y.J. Kwon. Remarks. This species was described as a new subspecies, Pterostichus belloter togyusanus Park and Kwon, 1996a by similarity of aedeagal shape with Pterostichus belloter. Although the aedeagal shape is similar to Pterostichus belloter, this species can be distinguished by the absence of large tumor on aedeagus, which is enough to recognize the specific differences. In this context, Pterostichus belloter togyusanus Park and
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Kwon, 1996a is upgraded to the species Pterostichus togyusanus stat. nov.
Acknowledgments “The Survey of Korean Indigenous Species” was supported by National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of Ministry of Environment of Korea.
References Andrewes, H.E., 1923. 22-Papers on Oriental Carabidae-10. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9, 212–223. Ball, G.E., 1966. A revision of the North American species of the subgenus Cryobius Chaudoir (Pterostichus, Carabidae, Coleoptera). Opus. Ent. (Suppl. 28), 1–66. Bates, H.W., 1873. On the geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Trans.R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 219–322. Bonelli, F.A., 1810. Observation entomologiques. Premiere partie (cicindeletes et portion des carabiques) [with the “Tabula synoptica exhibens genera carabicorum in sectiones et stripes disposita”] (Turin, 58 pp.). Bousquet, Y., 1999. Supraspecific classification of the Nearctic Pterostichini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) (Fab. Suppl. 9. 292 pp.).
Chaudoir, M., 1838. Tableau d'une nouvelle subdivision du genere Feronia Dejean Suivi d'une caracteristique de trios nouveaux genres de carabiques. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mos. 11, 3–32. Jedlička, A., 1962. Monographedie Tribes Pterostichini aus Ostasien (Pterostichi, Trigonotomi, Myadi) (Coleoptera-Carabidae). Entomol. Abh. Ber. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 26, 117–346 (Nr:). Kim, J.I., Kwon, Y.J., Paik, J.C., Lee, S.M., An, S.L., Park, H.C., Choo, H.Y., 1994. Check list of insects from Korea. In: The Entomological Society of Korea, Korean Society of Applied Entomology (Eds.), Coleoptera. Kon-Kuk University Press, pp. 117–214 (736 pp.). Kwon, Y.J., Lee, S.M., 1986. Check list of superfamily Caraboidea from Korea. Insecta Koreana 6, 1–56. Lafer, S.G., Paik, J.C., Park, J.K., 2001. A new Pterostichine beetle of the subgenus Nialoe Tanaka from south Korea (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Insecta Koreana 18 (3), 243–248. Morawitz, A., 1862. Voraufige Diagnosisen neurer Coleoptern aus Sudost-Sibeiren. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg 5, 231–265. Park, J.K., 1994. Txaonomic Revision of the Tribe Pterostichini from Korea (Coleoptera: Harpalidae). Kyungpook Nat. Univ (Ph.D. thesis. 195 pp.). Park, J.K., Kwon, Y.J., 1996a. A new subgenus of the Pterostichus from Korea (Coleoptera: Harpalidae). Korean J. Entomol. 26, 93–103. Park, J.K., Kwon, Y.J., 1996b. Classification of the genus Pterostichus Bonelli from Korea (Coleoptera: Harpalidae). V. subgenus Nialoe. Korean J. Entomol. 26, 115–123. Park, J.K., Paik, J.C., 2001. Family Carabidae. Economic Insecta of Korea 12. Insecta Koreana (Suppl. 19), 1–170. Tschitschérine, T., 1894. Platysmatini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) nouveaux ou peu connus del'Asie orientale. Rev. Russ. d'Entomol. 239–250. Tschitschérine, T., 1901. Platysmatini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) nouveaux ou peu connus del'Asie orientale. Horae Soc. Entomol. Ross. 35, 494–501.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jape
Two new species of the genus Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Korea Jong Kyun Park a,⁎, Dong Pyo Lyu b, Jinyoung Park a a b
Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea Department of Forest Science, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Republic of Korea
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 2 November 2012 Revised 19 March 2013 Accepted 19 April 2013 Keywords: Systematics Coleoptera Carabidae Pterostichus New species Korea
a b s t r a c t In this paper, two new pterostichid ground beetles, Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. and Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov., are described. And also a subspecies Pterostichus bellator togyusanus Park and Kwon, 1996a is upgraded to a species Pterostichus togyusanus stat. nov. The descriptions, identification key, distribution data and photos of adults and their genitalia for each species are provided. © 2013 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Most species of the genus Pterostichus are carnivorous because they have well developed mandibles and they are general predators of insects and other invertebrates. Thus, this group can be used as natural enemies in biological control of plant feeding pests in agriculture and forestry (Park and Kwon, 1996a). In addition, these Pterostichus species are widely distributed over various zoogeographical regions of the world. Most species are found under stones, logs, barks or debris. They move quickly and are more active at night. They often hibernate during the winter as adults, with usually one new generation per year produced in Korea. Generally, pterostichid beetles are endemic because they have vestigial hind wings, so they must move only by walking. It is too difficult for them to move long distances (Park, 1994). The first species of Korean Pterostichini was reported by Morawitz (1862) who described Pterostichus rotundangulus from Korea as a new species. After this, many foreign specialists, like Bates (1873), Tschitschérine (1894, 1901), Andrewes (1923) and Jedlička (1962) etc., recorded Korean pterostichid species. In Korea, the taxonomy of this group has seldom been studied, even though a primary classification system was provided by Kwon and Lee (1986). The domestic records of Pterostichus given by some authors were mostly incorrect, due to the lack of specimens for comparison and superficial resemblance in external features to allied
species. Nevertheless, there has been no substantial work on this group that is synthetically available. Recently, works of the genus Pterostichus were carried out in Korea by Park and Kwon (1996a,b), Park and Paik (2001) and Lafer et al. (2001). This paper described two new species in Korea from two Pterostichus subgenera: Cryobius and Phaenoraphis. The new type materials treated herein are deposited in the Lab. of Entomology, Department of applied Biology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju Korea. The following abbreviations are used: L: length of body (from median labrum to elytral apex); HL: length of head; HW: width of head; PA: apical width of pronotum; PW: greatest width of pronotum; PB: basal width of pronotum; PL: median length of pronotum; EL: length of elytra; EW: width of elytra. Systematic accounts Family Carabidae Subfamily Pterostichinae Tribe Pterostichini Genus Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 Subgenus Cryobius Chaudoir, 1838
⁎ Corresponding author at: Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Republic of Korea. Tel.: + 850 54 530 1215; fax: + 850 54 530 1218. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.K. Park).
Only three species of subgenus Cryobius have been reported in Korea. This subgenus is characterized as follow: Tarsi without dorsal line, elytra with basal pore, elytral stria regular, basal fovea of pronotum
1226-8615/$ – see front matter © 2013 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2013.04.012
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J.K. Park et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16 (2013) 385–388
with one longitudinal line, tarsal 5th segment with ventral setae and last abdominal sternite without protuberance in male. Matacoxa with 3 or more setae; metaepisternum subquadrate, anterior margin subequal to its length (Ball, 1966; Bousquet, 1999). Key to species of the subgenus Cryobius from Korean 1. Lateral margin of pronotum strongly sinuated at base; basal fovea linear not parallel to median line - - - - – - - - – - - - – - - - – – - - - 2 – Lateral margin of pronotum weakly sinuated at base; basal fovea linear parallel to median line - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 2. Scutellar striole long. Elytral interval 4-7 with additional pores - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -P. horvatovichi – Scutellar striole very short, or marked. Elytral interval 4-7 without additional pore — - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. splendidus sp. nov. 3. Scutellar striole very short, or marked - - - - - - - - - - - - P. coreicus – Scutellar striole long - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. kurosai Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. K. Park (Figs. 1 and 2) Description. Generally black, with strong shiny dorsally, elytra with a little coppery black luster, antennae and legs reddish brown, palpi and tarsus a lighter brown. Head smooth, with strong luster, frontal impressions straight and parallel, almost reaching the level of anterior supraorbital seta. Eyes medium-size. Tempora convex. Hind supraorbital seta situated at the same level of posterior margin to the eyes. Clypeus trapezium-shaped, apical margin of clypeus almost straight, letro-apical margin a little emarginate and with one setae on each side, apical margins of larbrum straight and bearing six setae along it.
Fig. 2. Aedeagus of Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. (bar: 1.7 mm).
Pronotum strongly cordate, widest at about 1/3 from anterior angles (PW/HW 1.37, PW/PL 1.21), weakly narrowed posteriad (PW/PB 1.35, PW/PA 1.36). Lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuate before hind angles. Hind angles almost rectangular, without denticles. Basal width of pronotum the same as apical width (PB/PA 1.00). Basal fovea of pronotum with one longitudinal line on each side, deep and wide, with transverse rugose and punctures. Elytra oval, (EL/EW 1.49, EL/PL 2.56, EW/PW 1.29), Elytral striae regular. Intervals between striae faintly convex, interval 3 with 2 setiferous discal pores in each elytron, with basal pores, scutellum striole marked. Last abdominal sternite without protuberance at the middle of sternite. Legs short and slender, segment 5 of tarsi with setae on ventral side. Aedeagus of male genitalia simple, curved, tubular, without additional lobe. Apical lamella more or less long, round at apex. Left paramere wide and oblong. Right paramere long and narrow. The body measurements are as follows (in mm): L 10.5, HL 2.2, HW 2.4, PA 2.6, PW 3.4, PB 2.6, PL 2.6, EL 6.4, EW 4.4. Material examined. Holotype ♂, Mt. Jirisan, GN, Korea, 2, VIII, 2001, coll. J. K. Park. Distribution. Korea (South). Etymology. This name derives from the Latin for “shiny or brilliant” referring to the dorsal surface of the new species. Remarks. Until now, all known Cryiobus species recorded from North Korea shows a larger body size than this new species collected from southern Korea (length 10.5 mm). Subgenus Phaenoraphis Tschitschérine, 1901
Fig. 1. Adult photo of Pterostichus (Cryobius) splendidus sp. nov. (length: 10.5 mm).
Tschitschérine (1901) reported Pterostichus acuspinus from Odaesan (= Olgonsa), Korea. After that, Jedlička (1962) treated the subgenus Phaenoraphis in his monograph of Pterostichini. There are a few checklists concerned with this subgenus group in Korea, such as those given by Kwon and Lee (1986) and Kim et al. (1994). Most pterostichid species are larger in body size, but the subgenus Phaenoraphis Tschitschérine is small, usually less than 10 mm in full length. The characters of the subgenus Phaenoraphis are as follows: size of body small (usually b10 mm), proepisterna with strong punctures. Elytral shoulders with denticles, elytral 3rd intervals with 2 pores,
J.K. Park et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16 (2013) 385–388
387
elytral striae without punctures, last abdominal sternite with protuberance in male, 5th segment of tarsi without ventral seta, basal fovea of pronotum with 1 longitudinal line, elytral striae regular, elytra with basal pores, tarsi without dorsal line, mentum tooth bifurcate. Key to species of the subgenus Phaenoraphis from Korea 1. Head without punctures in dorsal view, convexity of eyes weak. Last abdominal sternite with distinct protuberance in male. Aedeagus strongly curved - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 – Head with weak punctures in dorsal view, convexity of eyes strong. Last abdominal sternite with very short or indistinct protuberance in male. Aedeagus weakly curved - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. peninsularis 2. Last abdominal sternite with cylindrical protuberance in male, round at apex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. acuspinus – Last abdominal sternite with arrowhead-shaped protuberance, sharp at apex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P. sagittus sp.nov. Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov. K. Park (Figs. 3 and 4) Description. Generally dark or black, shiny. Antennae, legs and palpi reddish brown. Body size small (8–10 mm). Head smooth with a little luster, frontal impressions a little divergent to posterior, not reaching the level of anterior supraorbital seta. Eyes medium-size. Tempora not convex. Hind supraorbital seta situated distinctly behind
Fig. 4. Aedeagus (A, bar: 0.8 mm) and protuberance of last abdominal siternite in male ventrally of Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov.
of posterior margin of eyes. Clypeus trapezium-shaped, apical margin of clypeus almost straight and with one setae on each side. Latroapical margins of larbrum slightly emarginate to lateral part and bearing six setae along it. Mandibles more or less long. Pronotum weakly cordate, widest at about 1/3 from anterior angles (PW/HW 1.57, PW/PL 1.34), weakly narrowed posteriad (PW/PB 1.21, PW/PA 1.90). Lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuated before hind angles. Hind angles almost rectangular, without denticles. Basal width of pronotum greater than anterior width (PB/PA 1.26). Basal fovea of pronotum with one longitudinal line on each side, almost parallel to median line, with strong punctures near the line. Pronotal process of ventral thorax without border at tip. Elytra oval, a little long and with luster (EL/EW 1.48, EL/PL 2.38, EW/PW 1.21), shoulders with distinct denticles. Elytral striae regular. Intervals between striae faintly convex, interval 3 with 2 setiferous discal pores on each elytron. Ventral side with punctures in lateral view. Last abdominal sternite with distinct protuberance at the middle of sternite in male, like arrowhead. Legs short and slender; segment 5 of tarsi glabrous on ventral side. Aedeagus of male genitalia simple, strongly curved, tubular, without additional lobe. Apical lamella twisted to right side, rather long, round at apex. Left paramere wide and oblong. Right paramere long. The body measurements are as follows (in mm): L 7.5, HL 1.3, HW 1.6, PA 1.6, PW 2.5, PB 2.1, PL 1.9, EL 4.6, EW 3.1. Materials examined. Holotype: 1♂, 5-6, VI, 2012, Mt. Jeombongsan, Jindong-ri, Girin-myeon, Inje-gun, Gawangwondo Prov. Coll. D.P. Lyu. Paratype: 1♀ ditto. Distribution. Korea (Central). Etymology. The name “sagittus” derives from Latin word for arrow. It expresses the arrowhead-shaped projection on the male's last abdominal sternite in this new species. Remarks. Species of the subgenus Phaenoraphis shows dimorphism between males and females. Males usually show a projection at the last abdominal sternite. The shape of this projection is very important for identifying the species. This new species is very similar to P. acuspinus. However, it is distinguished from the allied species by the morphological differences of the protuberance at last abdominal sternite in males. Pterostichus togyusanus stat. nov.
Fig. 3. Adult photo of Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) sagittus sp. nov. (length: 7.5 mm).
Pterostichus bellator togyusanus Park and Kwon, 1996a: 96. Holotype: ♂, Deogyusan (= Tǒgyusan), GN, Korea, 18, viii, 1991, Y.J. Kwon. Remarks. This species was described as a new subspecies, Pterostichus belloter togyusanus Park and Kwon, 1996a by similarity of aedeagal shape with Pterostichus belloter. Although the aedeagal shape is similar to Pterostichus belloter, this species can be distinguished by the absence of large tumor on aedeagus, which is enough to recognize the specific differences. In this context, Pterostichus belloter togyusanus Park and
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Kwon, 1996a is upgraded to the species Pterostichus togyusanus stat. nov.
Acknowledgments “The Survey of Korean Indigenous Species” was supported by National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of Ministry of Environment of Korea.
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