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Two new varieties of Mycena alphitophora from Southern India
Short Communications
118
like zone along the inner, non-lobed edge can be observed in cotton blue stain. Peridium consisting of very thin-walled cells; the frequently occurring light brown pigmentation seems to be caused by non-cellular flakes of pigment attached to the outer surface of the peridium. No inferascal filaments present. Asci ca 20-40, unitunicate-inoperculate, 8-spored, fusiform (but sometimes broadest below the middle), 30-42 x 6-7 pm; apical apparatus not blueing in IKI, a strongly refractive ring, conspicuously turned outward after dehiscence. Ascospores hyaline, fusiform, 9.5-12.5 x 2-2.5 pm, I-septate, guttulate.
Although this British material is on the whole better developed than the Austrian finds, it does not differ from the type collection. The absence of interascal filaments, a characteristic feature of Nectria-like fungi, and not observed with certainty in the type material, can now be confirmed.
REFERENCE SCHEUER, CH. (1988).Ascomyceten auf Cyperaceen und Juncaceen im Ostalpenraum. Bibliotheca Mycologica 123, 1-274.
Specimen examined: On Carex acutiformis, Exminster Marshes, Exeter Devon, 4 Aug. 1988, Ch. Scheuer (HME No. 4356). (Received for publication 17 October 1988)
Two new varieties of Mycena alphitophora from Southern India P. MANIMOHAN A N D K. M. LEELAVATHY Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
Two new varieties of Mycena alphitophora from Southern India. Mycological Research 93 (1):118-120 (1989). Mycena alphitophora var. distincta var. nov. and M . alphitophora var. globispora var. nov. are described, illustrated and discussed on the basis of Southern Indian collections. Key words : Agaricales, Taxonomy, Mycena alphitophora, New varieties. Mycena alphifophora (Berk.) Sacc. is an ubiquitous agaric characterized by the very small, delicate, white basidiome with a powdery coating on both pileal and stipe surfaces. Descriptions, from different parts of the world, of this species were remarkably uniform that no need for the erection of subspecific categories were deemed necessary. Recent collections from southern India, however, were found to be sufficiently distinct to warrant varietal delimitation. Based on these collections two new varieties are proposed.
Mycena alphitophora (Berk.) Sacc. var. distinda Manimohan & Leelavathy, var. nov.
(Fig. IA-F)
A typo differt: cellulae cuticulae pilei distinctae, ad apicem vemculosae et setulis instmctae. India, Kerala State, Calicut University campus, Botanical Garden, 26 July 1985, Manirnohan MI89 (K, holotype). Basidiome small, delicate, white. Pileus 2-4 mm diam, conicoconvex; surface dry, pruinose, faintly striate towards the margin; margin straight, crenate. Lamellae adnexed, very narrow, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, subdistant, with lamellulae; edge finely fimbriate, concolorous. Stipe 1-2.5 cm x 03-0.5 mm, central, cylindric or slightly tapering above, hollow; surface densely pruinose. Odour none. Spores 6-8 x 3-4 pm, ellipsoid, hyaline, amyloid, thin-walled, smooth. Basidia 12-15 x 810pm, clavate, bearing four sterigmata up to 4 pm long.
Lamella-edge sterile. Cheilocysfidia 13-22 x 7-9 pm, ovoid to clavate, verruculose over upper half, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia none. Lamella-frama regular, vinescent; hyphae inflated, up to 25 pm diam, hyaline, thin-walled. Pileal trama very thin, vinescent; hyphae similar to that of lamellar trama. Pileipellis a pulverulent epithelium of inflated elements, 10-50 x 6-50 um, globose, ovoid or clavate, hyaline, thinwalled, densely verruculose and with long, needle-like outgrowths with obtuse end scattered all over the cell surface especially towards the apex. Sfipe trama vinescent. Caulocystidia numerous, elongate, cylindrical, 25-300 x 7.5-12.5 vm, hyaline, thin-walled, verruculose. Clamp-connexions present. O n decaying leaves in the shade of trees, scattered or in groups, June-August. This variety is extremely close to the type variety in all macro- and mictoscopic features except for one constant microscopic character. In the new variety, the majority of the elements of piIeipellis exhibit long, needle-like structures in addition to the verruculose ornamentation, and these structures often show a tendency to be confined to the top of the cells. We have observed this fungus in Kerala State for the past several years and in all instances it was found to exhibit this feature. It has not been reported in any previous collections of M. alphitophora (Smith, 1947; Maas Geesteranus, 1983; Pegler, 1977, 1983, 1986) though similar structures are seen
Short Communications Fig. 1. Mycena alphitophora var. distincta. A, Habit, X2; B, spores; C, basidia; D, cheilocystidia; E, epicuticular elements; F, caulocystidia.
Fig. 2. Mycena alphitophora var. globispora. A, Habit, X4; B, basidia; C, cheilocystidia; D, caulocystidia; E, epicuticular elements; F, spores.
on the cheilocystidia of a closely related species, M. adscendens (Lasch) Maas G. which differs from M. alphitophora in having a basal disk to the stipe, constant bisporic basidia and in lacking the cyclindric, verrucose caulocystidia.
Mycena alphitophora (Berk.) Sacc. var. globispora Manimohan & Leelavathy, var. nov.
(Fig. 2A-F)
A typo differt: sporae subglobosae.
India, Kerala State, Palghat District, Tarur, 27 June 1988, Manirnohan M429 (K, holotype).
Basidiome minute, delicate, translucent white. Pileus 0.5-2.5 mm broad, conico-convex; surface dry, densely pruinose, finely plicate-striate near margin; margin straight, finely fissile. Lamellae free, subdistant, up to 0.5 mm wide, with lamellulae in a single tier; edge concolorous, pruinose. Stipe 2-4 mm x 0-2-0.4 mm, central, cylindric, equal with a swollen base but without a true disk, hollow; surface densely pruinose towards base, less so towards apex; base somewhat strigose. Odour none. Spores 7-9 x 6-8 pm, mostly obpyriform to subglobose, rarely ellipsoid to subamygdaliform, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth, with either a single or a few guttules, amyloid. Basidia 10-12 x 8-9 pm, almost globose, often with a small pedicellate base, thin-walled, hyaline, frequently with basal clamp-connexions, mostly h p o r e d , rarely 1- or 3-
spored; sterigmata up to 6 pm. Lamella-edge sterile. Cheiloc~stidia 10-20 x 6-13 pm, clavate, often pedicellate, thin-walled, hyaline, covered with minute spinules, I pm or less long. Pleurocystidia none. Lamella-trama more or less regular, vinescent; hyphae thin-walled, hyaline, 2-20 Dm wide. Pileal trama very thin, vinescent; hyphae similar to that of hymenophoral trama. Pileipellis an epithelium of detersile elements, 10-30 x6-16 pm, mostly clavate, rarely subglobose, thin-walled, hyaline, entirely covered with minute spinules; spinules 1-1.5 pm long. Stipe trama vinescent, consisting of longitudinally arranged hyphae 2-20 pm wide, thin-walled, hyaline with clamp-connexions. Caulocystidia more towards base, 2-6 pm wide, very long, up to 100 pm or more, irregularly cyclindrical, covered with minute spinules, thin-walled, hyaline; spinules 1 pm or less long. O n wet bark of a standing margosa tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae), gregarious, June-August. This variety is distinct in having pyriform, subglobose or globose spores. In addition, the apparent lack of 4-spored basidia and the predominance of &spored basidia are also
Short Communications noteworthy. Moreover, it seems to be confined to h d i r a c h f a trees. The presence of 2-spored basidia in this variety is very remarkable as it is one of the features by which M . adscendens is delimited from M . alphitophora.
REFERENCES MAAS GEESTERANUS, R. A. (1983). Conspectus of the Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere. 1. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Series C) 86, 401-421.
120 PEGLER, D. N. (1977).A Preliminary Agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 6 , 1-615. PEGLER, D. N. (1983). Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Brrlletin Additional Series 9, 1-668. PEGLER, D. N. (1986). Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 12, 1-519. SMITH, A. H. (1947).North American Species of Mycena. University of Michigan Studies, Science Series 17, 1-521.
(Received for publication 21 October 1988)
1
MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH Forthcoming Short Communications CONN, K. L. & TEWARI, J. P. Interactions of Alfernaria brassicae conidia with leaf epicuticular wax of Canola CUNNINGHAM, J. E. & KUIACK, C. Esterase activity as a marker for sporulation in Colletofrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae in submerged culture KALYANASUNDARAM, I. & MUBARAK ALI, N. Taxonomic note on the myxomycete genus Diachea MOUSTAFA, A. F. & ABDUL-WAHID, 0 . A. Sefosporella, a new genus of hyphomycetes PLOETZ, R. C. & SHEPARD, E. S. Fusarial wilt of banana in Florida VERMA, R. K. & KAMAL A new species and new combination in Mycovellosiella from Uttar Pradesh, India WATERS, S. D. & CALLAGHAN, A. A. Conidiobolus imtagenfus, a new species with discharged repetitional conidia and conjugation beaks
118
like zone along the inner, non-lobed edge can be observed in cotton blue stain. Peridium consisting of very thin-walled cells; the frequently occurring light brown pigmentation seems to be caused by non-cellular flakes of pigment attached to the outer surface of the peridium. No inferascal filaments present. Asci ca 20-40, unitunicate-inoperculate, 8-spored, fusiform (but sometimes broadest below the middle), 30-42 x 6-7 pm; apical apparatus not blueing in IKI, a strongly refractive ring, conspicuously turned outward after dehiscence. Ascospores hyaline, fusiform, 9.5-12.5 x 2-2.5 pm, I-septate, guttulate.
Although this British material is on the whole better developed than the Austrian finds, it does not differ from the type collection. The absence of interascal filaments, a characteristic feature of Nectria-like fungi, and not observed with certainty in the type material, can now be confirmed.
REFERENCE SCHEUER, CH. (1988).Ascomyceten auf Cyperaceen und Juncaceen im Ostalpenraum. Bibliotheca Mycologica 123, 1-274.
Specimen examined: On Carex acutiformis, Exminster Marshes, Exeter Devon, 4 Aug. 1988, Ch. Scheuer (HME No. 4356). (Received for publication 17 October 1988)
Two new varieties of Mycena alphitophora from Southern India P. MANIMOHAN A N D K. M. LEELAVATHY Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
Two new varieties of Mycena alphitophora from Southern India. Mycological Research 93 (1):118-120 (1989). Mycena alphitophora var. distincta var. nov. and M . alphitophora var. globispora var. nov. are described, illustrated and discussed on the basis of Southern Indian collections. Key words : Agaricales, Taxonomy, Mycena alphitophora, New varieties. Mycena alphifophora (Berk.) Sacc. is an ubiquitous agaric characterized by the very small, delicate, white basidiome with a powdery coating on both pileal and stipe surfaces. Descriptions, from different parts of the world, of this species were remarkably uniform that no need for the erection of subspecific categories were deemed necessary. Recent collections from southern India, however, were found to be sufficiently distinct to warrant varietal delimitation. Based on these collections two new varieties are proposed.
Mycena alphitophora (Berk.) Sacc. var. distinda Manimohan & Leelavathy, var. nov.
(Fig. IA-F)
A typo differt: cellulae cuticulae pilei distinctae, ad apicem vemculosae et setulis instmctae. India, Kerala State, Calicut University campus, Botanical Garden, 26 July 1985, Manirnohan MI89 (K, holotype). Basidiome small, delicate, white. Pileus 2-4 mm diam, conicoconvex; surface dry, pruinose, faintly striate towards the margin; margin straight, crenate. Lamellae adnexed, very narrow, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, subdistant, with lamellulae; edge finely fimbriate, concolorous. Stipe 1-2.5 cm x 03-0.5 mm, central, cylindric or slightly tapering above, hollow; surface densely pruinose. Odour none. Spores 6-8 x 3-4 pm, ellipsoid, hyaline, amyloid, thin-walled, smooth. Basidia 12-15 x 810pm, clavate, bearing four sterigmata up to 4 pm long.
Lamella-edge sterile. Cheilocysfidia 13-22 x 7-9 pm, ovoid to clavate, verruculose over upper half, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia none. Lamella-frama regular, vinescent; hyphae inflated, up to 25 pm diam, hyaline, thin-walled. Pileal trama very thin, vinescent; hyphae similar to that of lamellar trama. Pileipellis a pulverulent epithelium of inflated elements, 10-50 x 6-50 um, globose, ovoid or clavate, hyaline, thinwalled, densely verruculose and with long, needle-like outgrowths with obtuse end scattered all over the cell surface especially towards the apex. Sfipe trama vinescent. Caulocystidia numerous, elongate, cylindrical, 25-300 x 7.5-12.5 vm, hyaline, thin-walled, verruculose. Clamp-connexions present. O n decaying leaves in the shade of trees, scattered or in groups, June-August. This variety is extremely close to the type variety in all macro- and mictoscopic features except for one constant microscopic character. In the new variety, the majority of the elements of piIeipellis exhibit long, needle-like structures in addition to the verruculose ornamentation, and these structures often show a tendency to be confined to the top of the cells. We have observed this fungus in Kerala State for the past several years and in all instances it was found to exhibit this feature. It has not been reported in any previous collections of M. alphitophora (Smith, 1947; Maas Geesteranus, 1983; Pegler, 1977, 1983, 1986) though similar structures are seen
Short Communications Fig. 1. Mycena alphitophora var. distincta. A, Habit, X2; B, spores; C, basidia; D, cheilocystidia; E, epicuticular elements; F, caulocystidia.
Fig. 2. Mycena alphitophora var. globispora. A, Habit, X4; B, basidia; C, cheilocystidia; D, caulocystidia; E, epicuticular elements; F, spores.
on the cheilocystidia of a closely related species, M. adscendens (Lasch) Maas G. which differs from M. alphitophora in having a basal disk to the stipe, constant bisporic basidia and in lacking the cyclindric, verrucose caulocystidia.
Mycena alphitophora (Berk.) Sacc. var. globispora Manimohan & Leelavathy, var. nov.
(Fig. 2A-F)
A typo differt: sporae subglobosae.
India, Kerala State, Palghat District, Tarur, 27 June 1988, Manirnohan M429 (K, holotype).
Basidiome minute, delicate, translucent white. Pileus 0.5-2.5 mm broad, conico-convex; surface dry, densely pruinose, finely plicate-striate near margin; margin straight, finely fissile. Lamellae free, subdistant, up to 0.5 mm wide, with lamellulae in a single tier; edge concolorous, pruinose. Stipe 2-4 mm x 0-2-0.4 mm, central, cylindric, equal with a swollen base but without a true disk, hollow; surface densely pruinose towards base, less so towards apex; base somewhat strigose. Odour none. Spores 7-9 x 6-8 pm, mostly obpyriform to subglobose, rarely ellipsoid to subamygdaliform, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth, with either a single or a few guttules, amyloid. Basidia 10-12 x 8-9 pm, almost globose, often with a small pedicellate base, thin-walled, hyaline, frequently with basal clamp-connexions, mostly h p o r e d , rarely 1- or 3-
spored; sterigmata up to 6 pm. Lamella-edge sterile. Cheiloc~stidia 10-20 x 6-13 pm, clavate, often pedicellate, thin-walled, hyaline, covered with minute spinules, I pm or less long. Pleurocystidia none. Lamella-trama more or less regular, vinescent; hyphae thin-walled, hyaline, 2-20 Dm wide. Pileal trama very thin, vinescent; hyphae similar to that of hymenophoral trama. Pileipellis an epithelium of detersile elements, 10-30 x6-16 pm, mostly clavate, rarely subglobose, thin-walled, hyaline, entirely covered with minute spinules; spinules 1-1.5 pm long. Stipe trama vinescent, consisting of longitudinally arranged hyphae 2-20 pm wide, thin-walled, hyaline with clamp-connexions. Caulocystidia more towards base, 2-6 pm wide, very long, up to 100 pm or more, irregularly cyclindrical, covered with minute spinules, thin-walled, hyaline; spinules 1 pm or less long. O n wet bark of a standing margosa tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae), gregarious, June-August. This variety is distinct in having pyriform, subglobose or globose spores. In addition, the apparent lack of 4-spored basidia and the predominance of &spored basidia are also
Short Communications noteworthy. Moreover, it seems to be confined to h d i r a c h f a trees. The presence of 2-spored basidia in this variety is very remarkable as it is one of the features by which M . adscendens is delimited from M . alphitophora.
REFERENCES MAAS GEESTERANUS, R. A. (1983). Conspectus of the Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere. 1. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Series C) 86, 401-421.
120 PEGLER, D. N. (1977).A Preliminary Agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 6 , 1-615. PEGLER, D. N. (1983). Agaric flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Brrlletin Additional Series 9, 1-668. PEGLER, D. N. (1986). Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 12, 1-519. SMITH, A. H. (1947).North American Species of Mycena. University of Michigan Studies, Science Series 17, 1-521.
(Received for publication 21 October 1988)
1
MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH Forthcoming Short Communications CONN, K. L. & TEWARI, J. P. Interactions of Alfernaria brassicae conidia with leaf epicuticular wax of Canola CUNNINGHAM, J. E. & KUIACK, C. Esterase activity as a marker for sporulation in Colletofrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae in submerged culture KALYANASUNDARAM, I. & MUBARAK ALI, N. Taxonomic note on the myxomycete genus Diachea MOUSTAFA, A. F. & ABDUL-WAHID, 0 . A. Sefosporella, a new genus of hyphomycetes PLOETZ, R. C. & SHEPARD, E. S. Fusarial wilt of banana in Florida VERMA, R. K. & KAMAL A new species and new combination in Mycovellosiella from Uttar Pradesh, India WATERS, S. D. & CALLAGHAN, A. A. Conidiobolus imtagenfus, a new species with discharged repetitional conidia and conjugation beaks