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Underground “mined type” LPG storage
18A
Freezing See also: 821071 821154 HORIZONTAL FREEZING COOLS HELSINKI METRO DRIVE Vuorela, M; Eronen, T Turm Tunnlg, Vi3, N8, Sept 1981, P32-34 Describes the choice and use of freezing for soil stabilisation during tunnelling in the saturated soil section of the Helsinkl metro, Finland. 821155 TUNNEL LINING PRESSURES DURING GROUNDWATER FREEZING AND THAWING Altour~an, P F R; Farmer, I W Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunnelimg Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1961, Vl, P784-800° Publ New YQrk: AIME, 1961 Describes the instrumentation and subsequent measurements to monitor the cast iron liming stresses in frozen and unfrozen groumd in drifts at the Gascolgne Wood mine, Yorkshire, UK, where freezing was used for ground stabilisation.
Site Investigation and Field Observation See also: 821089 821156 SITE INVESTIGATION FOR TUNNELS. ROCK MECHANICS REVIEW West, G; Carter, P G; D ~ l e t o n , M J Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, V18, NS, Oct 1981, P345-367 The paper is a general guide to site investigation for bored and cut-and-cover turmels and associated shafts and portals constructed for sewers, aqueducts, transport and other services. It outlines the objectives of a site investigation for a tunnel and reviews the steps required in carrying out and reporting the investigation, the methods that may be used, and the considerations that must be borne in mlrd. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the full description of strata, good core recovery, the thorough examlr~tion of groundwater comditions, the value of in situ tests and trials, and the relevance of l~-evious use of the site. The value of a staged approach to the investigation, the need for flexible manag~nent, and the importance of full reporting of each stage of the work with full communication of results anl conclusions to all interested parties are also stressed. Auth. 103 refs. 821157 NEW SENSING sYsTEM FOR B O R ~ O L E EXTENSOMETERS. TECHNICAL NOTE De Figueiredo, A F; Negro, A Geotechnlque, V~I, N3, Sept 1981, P427-430 The new sensing system uses an oscillator as sig~Bl source and this simplifies the reading method, since electrical cables can be avoided. This system has been used to measure settlements at the Tucurul Hydroelectric Station, Tocantins River, Brazil.
821158 INTRINSICALLY SAFE EXTENSOMETRIC APPARATUS FOR MEASUR~4ENTS IN MINES (IN POLISH) Cyrul, T Przegl Gorn, V37, NI, Jan 1981, P29-33 The apparatus Immorporates pressure gauges for measuring the loads on roof supports and roof bolts. 821159 SITE INVESTIGATIONS FOR LARGE DIAMETER DRILLED SHAFTS Greenslade, W M; Richards, D P; Albers, D E Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunnelirg Conference, San Pranclsco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, PB-20. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Discusses Iroblems and recent developments in the drilling of large diameter drilled shafts in the miring i~dustry. Criteria for and installation of shaft linings required are outlined. The geotechnlcal and hydrologic investlgations required before site drilling are discussed. 821160 HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SITE INVESTIGATIONS FOR ~ S AND CAVERNS Slayback, R G Proc 5th Rapid Excavation amd Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, P21-33. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Emphasizes the need for integrated site investigations to include hydrogeology, and discusses aquifer classification, aquifer tests, evaluation of the need for dewatering, methods of dewatering, envirommental effects, operational monitoring. 821161 SITE TESTING OF SHAFTS, TUNNELS AND CAVERNS THE PREGR0b~ING OF EXCAVATIONS WITH SPECIAL REF~P&~NCE TO SOUTH AFRICAN CONDITIONS Holl, G W; Harte, N D Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, PB~-62. Publ New Yark: AIME, 1981 Gives a brief history of borehole drilling and describes the use of boreholes in site investigations for shafts, tunnels and caverns, including brief case histories. Discusses pregrouting of planned excavations, wlth brief case histories. 821162 SITE TESTING FOR LARGE VOLUMES OF DEEP SPACE Loofbourow, R L; Miller, R R Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, VI, P63-85. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Site testing of excavated or mined spaces in stages is suggested as advantageous and these stages are outlined and discussed. Planning and drilling strategy are outlined. Borehole logging methods are discussed, and methods of testing weak and wet cover of tight bedrock are described. 821163 UNDERGROUND 'NINED TYPE" LBG STORAGE McCarthy, D F Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, VI, I~6-98. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 The procedures for site testing are described: coring, field testing, lab testing and cavern design° Field testing was to determine in-place permeability. Lab tests were performed to determine (i) formation permeability, (2) porosity, (3) bulk density and (4) unconfined compressive strength.
Freezing See also: 821071 821154 HORIZONTAL FREEZING COOLS HELSINKI METRO DRIVE Vuorela, M; Eronen, T Turm Tunnlg, Vi3, N8, Sept 1981, P32-34 Describes the choice and use of freezing for soil stabilisation during tunnelling in the saturated soil section of the Helsinkl metro, Finland. 821155 TUNNEL LINING PRESSURES DURING GROUNDWATER FREEZING AND THAWING Altour~an, P F R; Farmer, I W Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunnelimg Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1961, Vl, P784-800° Publ New YQrk: AIME, 1961 Describes the instrumentation and subsequent measurements to monitor the cast iron liming stresses in frozen and unfrozen groumd in drifts at the Gascolgne Wood mine, Yorkshire, UK, where freezing was used for ground stabilisation.
Site Investigation and Field Observation See also: 821089 821156 SITE INVESTIGATION FOR TUNNELS. ROCK MECHANICS REVIEW West, G; Carter, P G; D ~ l e t o n , M J Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, V18, NS, Oct 1981, P345-367 The paper is a general guide to site investigation for bored and cut-and-cover turmels and associated shafts and portals constructed for sewers, aqueducts, transport and other services. It outlines the objectives of a site investigation for a tunnel and reviews the steps required in carrying out and reporting the investigation, the methods that may be used, and the considerations that must be borne in mlrd. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the full description of strata, good core recovery, the thorough examlr~tion of groundwater comditions, the value of in situ tests and trials, and the relevance of l~-evious use of the site. The value of a staged approach to the investigation, the need for flexible manag~nent, and the importance of full reporting of each stage of the work with full communication of results anl conclusions to all interested parties are also stressed. Auth. 103 refs. 821157 NEW SENSING sYsTEM FOR B O R ~ O L E EXTENSOMETERS. TECHNICAL NOTE De Figueiredo, A F; Negro, A Geotechnlque, V~I, N3, Sept 1981, P427-430 The new sensing system uses an oscillator as sig~Bl source and this simplifies the reading method, since electrical cables can be avoided. This system has been used to measure settlements at the Tucurul Hydroelectric Station, Tocantins River, Brazil.
821158 INTRINSICALLY SAFE EXTENSOMETRIC APPARATUS FOR MEASUR~4ENTS IN MINES (IN POLISH) Cyrul, T Przegl Gorn, V37, NI, Jan 1981, P29-33 The apparatus Immorporates pressure gauges for measuring the loads on roof supports and roof bolts. 821159 SITE INVESTIGATIONS FOR LARGE DIAMETER DRILLED SHAFTS Greenslade, W M; Richards, D P; Albers, D E Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunnelirg Conference, San Pranclsco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, PB-20. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Discusses Iroblems and recent developments in the drilling of large diameter drilled shafts in the miring i~dustry. Criteria for and installation of shaft linings required are outlined. The geotechnlcal and hydrologic investlgations required before site drilling are discussed. 821160 HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SITE INVESTIGATIONS FOR ~ S AND CAVERNS Slayback, R G Proc 5th Rapid Excavation amd Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, P21-33. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Emphasizes the need for integrated site investigations to include hydrogeology, and discusses aquifer classification, aquifer tests, evaluation of the need for dewatering, methods of dewatering, envirommental effects, operational monitoring. 821161 SITE TESTING OF SHAFTS, TUNNELS AND CAVERNS THE PREGR0b~ING OF EXCAVATIONS WITH SPECIAL REF~P&~NCE TO SOUTH AFRICAN CONDITIONS Holl, G W; Harte, N D Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, PB~-62. Publ New Yark: AIME, 1981 Gives a brief history of borehole drilling and describes the use of boreholes in site investigations for shafts, tunnels and caverns, including brief case histories. Discusses pregrouting of planned excavations, wlth brief case histories. 821162 SITE TESTING FOR LARGE VOLUMES OF DEEP SPACE Loofbourow, R L; Miller, R R Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, VI, P63-85. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Site testing of excavated or mined spaces in stages is suggested as advantageous and these stages are outlined and discussed. Planning and drilling strategy are outlined. Borehole logging methods are discussed, and methods of testing weak and wet cover of tight bedrock are described. 821163 UNDERGROUND 'NINED TYPE" LBG STORAGE McCarthy, D F Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, VI, I~6-98. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 The procedures for site testing are described: coring, field testing, lab testing and cavern design° Field testing was to determine in-place permeability. Lab tests were performed to determine (i) formation permeability, (2) porosity, (3) bulk density and (4) unconfined compressive strength.