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VISCOSITY
i.e.
VISCOSITY
TABLE I . C . l a . Viscosities of NaN0 3 and KNO s as Single Salt Melts Range (°K)
Kei.
(a) (b)
η = a + bT + c T 2 + dT 3 η = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
(cp)
Precision (σ)
NaN0 3 610-768
1
(a)
581-691
2
(a)
595-725
3
(a)
598-730
4
615-724
5
(b)
(b)
(b) (a) (b) (a) (b)
-16.8828 + 0.123352T - 2.28340 χ i o - 4 T 2 -f 1.28367 X 10~ 7T S 10.155 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(3898/RT) 38.1771 - 0.130962T + 1.60919 χ 10~ 4T 2 - 6.87646X 1 0 " 8T 3 15.454 x ΙΟ""2 exp(3400/RT) 231.372 - 1.01082T + 1.49401 X 10~ 3T 2 - 7.40815 X 10~ 7T 3 11.057 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(3814/RT) 74.1468 - 0.284133T 4-3.77585 χ 1 0 " 4T 2 - 1.70748 X 1 0 " 7T 3 10.402 x ΙΟ- 2 exp(3886/RT) 35.5290 - 0.103789T + 9.82780 χ 10" 5Τ 2 - 2.73009 X 1 0 " 8T 3 9.214 x ΙΟ" 2 epX ( 4 0 3 6 / R T )
0.0544 0.0483 0.00211 0.00833 0.0515 0.0544 0.0285 0.0282 0.0159 0.0187
KN0 3 620-780
1
(a)
606-685
2
(a)
622-680
3
(a)
621-815
4
(a)
630-715
5
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b) (a) (b)
117.202 - 0.453834T + 6.00700 χ 10~ 4Τ 2 - 2.68348 X 10~ 7T 3 8.189X ΙΟ" 2 epX( 4 3 2 1 / R T )
0.0408 0.0408
47.2596 - 0.165475T + 2.08580 χ 10" 4T 2 - 9.25925 x 10~ 8T 3 10.418 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(4044/RT)
0.00123
2124.65 - 9.71758T + 1.48385 χ 1 0 - 2T 2 - 7.55651 X 1 0 " 6T 3 12.029X ΙΟ" 2 exp(3812/RT)
0.00920
50.1676 - 0.164572T + 1.86335 χ 10" 4T 2 - 7.12497 x 10~ 8T 3 8.384 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(430l/RT)
0.0234
17.2990 - 1.68023 Χ 10~ 2τ - 3.57887 Χ 10~ 5Τ 2 + 4.02941 X 1 0 " 8T 3 8.205 x ΙΟ- 2 epX( 4 3 1 6 / R T )
52
0.0127
0.00513
0.0278 0.00386 0.00676
I.C.
Viscosity
53 TABLE I . C . l a . (cont.)
Range (°K)
Ref R e' f
)
(b)
= a + bT + c T 2 + d T 3 (cp) η = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
( aη
Precision (0)
KN0 3 (cont.) 618-702
6
(a) (b)
632-764
7
(a) (b)
10.9292 + 7.94931 X 10~4T - 4.66083 X 1 0 " 5T 2 + 3.84539 x 10~ 8T 3 10.222 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(4023/RT)
0.00746
48.5897 - 0.160165T + 1.83381 X 10~ 4T 2 - 7.14030 X 10~ 8T 3 7.977 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(4369/RT)
0.0000
0.0104
0.00430
aA l l equations calculated from original data in references by P. Lorenz, Renssalaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, New York, (1966), with double precision least squares computer program. Units of Ε are cal/mole.
REFERENCES 1.
Η. Μ. Goodwin and R. D. Mailey, Phys. Rev. 23. 22 (1906); ibid. 25, 469 (1907); ibid. 26, 28 (1908); (7 d a k pts., NaN0 3T? data pts., KN03)7~
2.
R . Lorenz and T. Kalmus, Z . Physik. Chem. 58, 425 (1907); (12 data p t s . , NaN0 3; 9 data p t s . , KN0 3).
3.
C. E. Fawsitt, J . Chem. S o c , p. 93 (1908); (9 data pts., NaNO s; 5 data p t s . , KNO s).
4.
R. S. Dantuma, Z . Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 175, 1 (1928); (33 data p t s . , NaN0 3; 35 data p t s . , KN0 3).
5.
I. G. Murgulescu and S. Zuca, Z . Physik. Chem. 218, 379 (1961); (7 data p t s . , NaNO s; 6 data p t s . , KN0 3).
6.
K. Ogawa, J . Japan Inst. Metals 14B, 49 (1950). In Japanese; (7 data p t s . , KNO a).
7.
G. J . Janz and F. Saegusa, J . Electrochem. S o c 110, 452 (1963); (4 data pts., KNO s).
5075
309.8
AgCl
0.02476
ZnCl 2
24, 843
6762
4693
56.19
378.8
PbCL,
578.8
0.221
0.0091
HgCLj
5935513
Bromides
-2738650
-17.5011 -691.223
1536.82
2296.10
6.44636
-0.447411
72.9309
-4341.63
-11.4379
6.91305
-14.0175
-17924.0
50.4565
76773.2
-154.489 -155.719
619.541 677.104
421217.0
105.882
1.39742
-404.387
-0.870654
-0.0649368
1.37677
1394.96
12.0516
12.9259
5.80712
-1.07104
0.999580
14.2786
1.64202
c(10 4)
-2159360
-547.138
-3.59013
2372.69
3.57878
0.541584
-4.66667
-3618.84
-31.3281
-36.1856
-18.0727
3.79670
-2620.35
-3.70073
-5.07737
d(K) 8)
181.3
0.1592
0.0096
0.0080
0.0102
0.0033
0.0012
0.0899
0.0750
0.0738
0.1424
0.0058
0.0132
0.0057
0.0094
S.D.
2 1060- 1240
2,5
600- 670
540- 610
780- 970
560- 580
1
3
6,7
14
4,5
7, 22
730- 970 870- 960
5
1,2
2 780- 970
1270- 1310
1160- 1260
2
1010- 1220 940- 1170
8,10, 17
10,13, 20
1090- 1240 1060-•1200
5,10, 11
Ref.b
910- 1080
Range (°K)
I.
BICI3
0.0075
0.0195
3912
3624
240.5
65.85
0.0059
0.0115
0.065
0.0706
CdC^
2915
20, 029
1.643
104.2
BaClg
CuCl
20, 655
10.88
0.4401
CaC^
SrCL,
0.087
223.960
11,997
9.09724 -62.3034
-19.7657
0.0312
0.0264
11,442
9819
6.630
-12.7847
55.5632
0.0167
7.579
6586
49.84
KCl
-18.5538
-17.9904
Chlorides
b(10 2)
81.9007
67.5978
a
a
η = a + bT + c T 2 + d T 3 (cp)
Viscosity - Single Salt Melts
0.0109
CsCl
9308
18.60
NaCl
0.0092
S.D.
RbCl
7007
33.06
Εη
LiCl
Formula
A(10 3)
η = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
TABLE I . C . l b . 54 Physical Properties
82.68
27.0982 38.8776
-344.322 -496.107
1464.54 2117.23
0.0112
0.0207
26, 260
2 9 ,4 8 7
0.0383
0.0116
NajCOg
-5259.12
0.1057
16893
1.406
1480.91
-138.581
Carbonates
L i 2C O s
10.1199
134-514
Hgl,
-11.0721 -55.2269
3.30383
-33.3640 -62.9538
116.161
0.0367
4531
40.00
0.0831
5259
148.1
-2.98741
1.02512
-11.9506
Agl
0.0086
-3.99172
1.30328
-14.4406
55.2389
0.00851
5343
98.36
KI
48.3150
0.00847
5673
71.71
Nal
530-550 700-820
29 29 22 14
980-1160 880-1100 550-630
0.0577 0.0346
9 9.
1160-1240 1190-1250
0.0114 0.0272
-71.3260 -101.829
_9 0.1022 431.294
1050-1120
0.0090
950-1100
29 5
910-1120
930-1120
29
13,16 6,7
860-940
673
7, 22 4
720-870
730-920 0.0095
-0.00134806
0.154596
-3.14251
17.1272
0.0078
4423
115.1
Lil
0.0163
0.849570
-10.1156
41.8211
0.0168
5706
77.96
Csl
0.0037
-8.85769
35.1934
0.00418
5165
85.14 -2.42543
0.0284
-2.34005
c
-69.9256
0.779282
Iodides
16.8549
Rbl
ZnBr 2
PbBr 2
0.0364
5857
-136.937
0.0078
5040 378.119
0.0102
4556
18.01
HgBr 2
189.3
CdBr 2
-4.84560 0.0072
0.0067
40.9042
18.7613
-3.25971
0.980868
-10.0768
37.1747
AgBr
8
960-1130
0.0046
-3.39298
1.14887
-13.1564
51.9396
0.0076
4863
-110.000
380.6
RbBr
5,8, 10
1030-1180
0.0056
-8.66540
2.94450
-33.4905
128.399
0.0139
5132
5161
0.0040
-3.34241
0.0105
115.8
KBr
5,8 8,10
870-1040 1060-1210
0.0198
-0.451486
1.23215
-15.2525
0.0127
0.217960
-3.27860
16.5192 64.3240
0.0180
5355
3088
110.9
90.83
NaBr
68.68
LiBr I.C. Viscosity 55
6879
6454
83.84
115.9
112.6
49.35
80.51
8.580
98.60
164.5
72.11
22.95
KNOg
AgNOg
TlNOg
NaCNS
Κ £ Γ 20 7
KCNS
NaN0 2
KN0 2
NaOH
KOH
0.2283
0.0201
52.7561
164.771
18 18 19 19
690-720
-16.6134
-61.4833
1.80314
7.80340
-6.66494
-33.3334
630-820 680-870
0.0359 0.0120
0.0055
-236.530
560-580 0.0085
-266.247 50.6274
-361.760
216.788 48.7657
-298.133
-1117.76
6,18 21 450-520 0.0899
-1408.26
670-780
21
1935.08
0.0881
18 480-520
0.0084
0.1792
864.798
12, 23, 24
530-590 0.0054
4.25741
-0.112662
-11.0600
79.5667
0.00767
6,10, 12, 13, 20 630-810
0.0234
580-630
0.1537
610.946
12,13 25, 26 590-730
0.0565
12,13
540-700
Ref.b
0.0284
Range (°K)
0.1143
S.D.
0.0128
-1047.12
-23.2448
-7.12497
-211.546
3424
6177
10.6106 -17.0748
39.6856
0.0209
4937
161.231
4.80289
1.86335
Miscellaneous
-829.100
-33.6741
-16.4572
3.77585
-1.31061
d(10«)
-249.292
1427.01
81.7743
50.1676
-28.4133
1.34189
Nitrates
c ( 1 0 4)
526.399
0.0223
0.0646
0.0054
0.0278
74.1468
20.4645
a
η = a + bT + c T 2 + d T 3 (cp) b(K) 2)
I.
3842
4636
3391
3620
4301
0.0282
5103
104.0
3886
56.63
LiN0 3
S.D.
Έη
NaNOg
Formula
A ( 1 0 3)
V = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
TABLE I . C . l b . (cont.) 56 Physical Properties
I. C. Viscosity
57 Footnotes to TABLE I . C . lb
a G . J. Janz. A. T. Ward, and R. D. Reeves, Molten salt data: conduc tance, density, and viscosity. Tech. Bull. Ser., Renssalaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, New York (1954); data in Table I . C . lb revised by P. Lorenz and G. J . Janz. 1966. Units of Ε are c a l / m o l e . " The underscored references contain data which were weighted in this a s sessment of the viscosities of single salt melts. c F o r Cul, see Ref. 27. d
For viscosity of melts within fritted glass discs, see Ref. 28.
REFERENCES 1. 2.
V. T. Slavyanskii, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 58, 1077 (1947). G. J. Janz and R. D. Reeves, Advan. Electrochem. Electrochem. Eng. 5 (1967).
3.
A . H. W. Aten, Z. Physik. Chem. 66, 641 (1909).
4.
H. Bloom, B. S. Harrap, and E. Heymann, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A194, 237 (1948).
5.
S. Karpachev and A. Stromberg, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 11, 852 (1938).
6.
R . Lorenz and T. Kalmus, Z . Physik. Chem. 59, 244 (1907).
7.
B. S. Harrap and E. Heymann, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51, 259 (1955).
8.
I. G. Murgulescu and S. Zuca, Z . Physik. Chem. (Leipzig) 218, 379 (1961).
9.
G. J . Janz and F. Saegusa, J . Electrochem. Soc. 110, 452 (1963).
10.
C. E. Fawsitt, J . Chem. S o c , p. 93 (1908).
11.
S. Karpachev, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 6, 1079 (1935).
12.
Η. M. Goodwin a n d R . D. Mailey, Phys. Rev. 23, 22 (1906); ibid. 25, 469 (1907); ibid. 26, 28 (1908).
13.
R. S. Dantuma, Z . Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 175, 1 (1938).
14.
G. J . Janz and J . D. E. Mclntyre, J. Electrochem. S o c 109, 842 (1962).
15.
K. Beck. Z. Physik. Chem. 58, 425 (1907).
16.
G. Jander and K. Broderson, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 264, 57 (1951).
17.
S. Karpachev, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 5, 625 (1935).
18.
J . P. Frame, E. Rhodes, and A. R. Ubbelohde, Trans. Faraday Soc. 55, 2039 (1959).
19.
K. Arndt and G. Ploetz, Z. Physik. Chem. 121, 439 (1926).
20.
K. Ogawa, Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi 14B, 49 (1950).
21.
D. W. Plester, S. E. Rogers, and A. R . Ubbelohde, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A235, 469 (1956).
22.
R. Lorenz and A. Hochberg, Z . Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 94, 288 (1916).
23.
F. M. Jaeger, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 101, 1 (1917).
24.
F. A. Pugsley and F. E. W. Wetmore, Can. J . Chem. 32, 839 (1954).
25.
R . Lorenz and Η. T. Kalmus, Z. Physik. Chem. 59, 17 (1907).
I.
58
Physical Properties
26.
C. E. Fawsitt, P r o c . Roy. Soc. (London) A80, 290 (1908).
27.
V . M. Glazov and S. N. Chrzhevskaya, Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 9, 759 (1964).
28.
B. R. Sundheim and A . Berlin, J . Phys. Chem. 68, 1266 (1964).
29.
I. G. Murgulescu and S. Zuca, Rev. Roumaine Chim. 10, 123 (1965). TABLE I. C. 2. System
Melt Viscosities - Binary Systems Ref.
System
Ref.
LiF-BeF2
1
KBr-AlBr 3
13,24
LiCl-KCl
2
KBr-PbBr 2
62
LiN0 3-RbN0 3
3
KBr-AgBr
22
NaF-BeF 2
1
KBr-ZnS0 4
3
NaF-AlF 3
4
KBr-HgBr 2
14
NaF-ZrF4
1
KN0 3-Ca(N0 3) 2
3
NaCl-NaN0 3
5
KNO s-AgN0 3
3,25
NaCl-KCl
2, 6, 62
KjSCVZnSC^
3
NaCl-KN0 3
7
R b N 0 3- A g N 0 3
3
NaCl-MgCL,
8
CsBr-ZnS04
3
NaCl-CaCla
3, 5, 6, 9
NI^Br-AlBrg
26
NaCl-BaCLj
3, 5,6
NH4Br-2AlBr 3
15
NaCl-AlCl 3
10,11
NK^Br-ZnBr,;
15
NaCl-CdCLj
12
MgCl 2-CaCl2
27
NaCl-PbCLj
6
A l B r 3- Z n B r 2
24
NaBr-AlBr 3
13
AlBr 3-HgBr 2
26
NaBr-HgBr 2
14
AgCl-AgBr
22
NaBr-2AlBr 3
15
AgCl-PbClji
22
NaOH-Na3As04
16
AgBr-HgBr 2
14
NaOH-Na 3Sb0 4
16
AgI-AgNO s
3,11, 28
NaNO s-KN0 3
17-19, 48
Agl-HgL,
23
KF-BeF 2
20
AgN0 3-HgBr 2
14
KCl-MgCl 2
8,11, 21
AgNOg-HgL,
3,29
KCl-AgCl
22
A g N 0 3- T l N 0 3
30
KCl-CdCLj
12
CdCl2-CdBr 2
31
KCl-PbCLj
12
CdC^-PbCLj
12
KCl-SbCl 3
23
HgBr 2-HgI 2
32
KCl-2AlBr 3
15
HgBr 2-TlBr
14
KBr-KCl
62
PbCl2-PbBr 2
22, 33
I . C . Viscosity
59 TABLE I . C . 2 . (cont.)
System
Ref.
System
Ref.
PbF 2-PbO
34
SbCl 3-SbCl 5
56
G e 0 2 With oxides of (Li, Na, K, Rb, B)
35, 67
Binary alkali earth borates
38
S i 0 2 With oxides of (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Al, B, Fe, Ti, Mn)
36, 37 44-47, 51, 57, 58, 67
B 20 3- N a P 0 3
39
59
B 20 3- N a 2B 40 7
40, 45, 50, 59
B 2O a With carbonates of (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Alkyl ammonium picrates
41
B 2O s-NaF
59
NaB0 2-NaP0 3
42, 43
SnCl 4-TiCl 4
60
B 20 3- K 2 B 40 7
45, 50
GaBr 3-POBr 3
61
A s F 3- S b F 3
49
PbO-Ge0 2
63
B 2O s-Na 3AlF 6 B 2O s-NaCl
59 59
A s B r 3- A l B r 3
52
CaO-Al 2O s
64
NaOH-Hp
53
Ba(N0 2) 2-NaN0 3; (KN0 3)
65, 66
LiClCVILp
54
LiC10 3-LiN0 3
68
(Amyl) 4NCNS-C 6H 6
55
(Li,Na),(Na, K), (Li, K)CQ 3 69
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J . A. Lane, H. G. MacPherson, and F. Maslan, "Fluid Fuel R e a c t o r s . " Addison-Wesley, Reading, M a s s . , 1958.
2.
S. Karpachev, A. Stromberg, and V. N. Podchainova, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 5, 1517 (1935).
3.
N. P. Luzhnaya, Ν. N. Evseeva, and I. P. Vereschetina, Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 1, 1490 (1956).
4.
A. Vajna, Alluminio 19, 133 (1950).
5.
L P . Vereschetina and Ν. P. Luzhnaya, Izv. Sektora Fiz. Khim. Analiza Inst. Obshch. Neorgan. Khim. Akad. Nauk SSSR 25, 188 (1954).
6.
v. P. Barzakovskii, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS Classe Sci. Chim., p. 825 (1940).
7.
K. Ogawa, Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi 14B, 49 (1950).
8.
V. M. Berenblit, Khim. Referat. Zh. 1, 16 (1938).
9.
V. P. Barzakovskii, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 13, 1117 (1940).
10.
A. I. Kryagova, Zh. Obshch. Khim. j ) , 1759 (1939).
11.
N. A. Trifonov, Akad. Nauk SSSR Otd. Tekh. Nauk Inst. Mashinoved. Soveshch. Vyazkosti Zhidkost. Kolloid. Rastvorov 2, 76 (1944).
12.
B. S. Harrap and E. Heymann, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51, 268 (1955).
60
I.
Physical Properties
13.
E. Ya. Gorenbein and Ε. E. Kriss, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 19, 1978 (1949).
14.
G. Jander and K. Broderson, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 264, 57 (1951).
15.
E. Ya. Gorenbein, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 18, 1427 (1948).
16.
G. G. Urazov, V. S. Lovchikov, and Β. M. Lipshits, Zh. Neorgan. Khim.i, 1857 (1956).
17.
C. E. Fawsitt, J. Chem. Soc. 93, 1299 (1908).
18.
Η. M. Goodwin andR. D. Mailey, Phys. Rev. 26, 28 (1908).
19.
V. D. Polyakov, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS Classe Sci. Chim., p. 609(1941).
20.
S. I. Cohen and Τ. N. Jones, ORNL Rept. CF-55-11-28 (1955).
21.
S. Karpachev and A. Stromberg, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 222, 78 (1935).
22.
B. S. Harrap and E. Heymann, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51. 259 (1955).
23.
A. Stromberg, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 13, 436 (1939).
24.
E. Ya. Gorenbein, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 15, 729 (1945).
25.
V. D. Polyakov, Izv. Sektora Fiz. Khim. Analiza Inst. Obshch. Neorgan. Khim. Akad. Nauk SSSR 26, 147 (1955).
26.
E. Ya. Gorenbein, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 17, 873 (1947).
27.
Kh. L. Strelets, V. N. Zhludneva, and I. L. Reznikov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 28, 643 (1955).
28.
I. M. Bokhovkin, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 20, 397 (1950).
29.
V. D. Polyakove, Izv. Sektora Fiz. Khim. Analiza Inst. Obshch. Neorgan. Khim. Akad. Nauk SSSR 26, 191 (1955).
30.
A. J. Rabinowitsch, Z . Physik, Chem. 99, 417 (1921).
31.
H. Bloom, B. S. Harrap, and E. Heymann, P r o c . Roy. Soc. (London) 194A, 237 (1948).
32.
K. Beck, Z. Physik. Chem. 58, 425 (1907).
33.
T. Ishikawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 25, 38 (1952).
34.
C. B. Oliver, J . Electrochem. Soc. 112, 629 (1965).
35.
E. F. Riebling, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 1889 (1963).
36.
J . 0 TM . Bockris, J. A. Kitchener, and J . D. MacKenzie, Trans. Fara day Soc. 52, 1734 (1956).
37.
P. Herty, R . Hartgreen, G. Frear, and G. Royer, U. S. Bur. Mines Rept. 3232 (1934).
38.
L. Shartsis and H. F. Shermer, J. A m . Ceram. S o c 37, 544 (1954).
39.
K. Arndt, Z. Elektrochem. 13, 809 (1908).
40.
M. P. Volarovich and D. M. Tolstoi, Bull Acad. Sci. URSS Classe Sci. Phys. Math., p. 897 (1930).
41.
P. Walden and E. J. Birr, Z. Physik. Chem. A160, 57, 161 (1932).
42.
M. P. Volavovich and D. M. Tolstoi, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. URSS, p. 269 (1932).
I.C.
Viscosity
43.
Μ. P. Volarovich and D. M. Tolstoi, J . Soc. Glass Technol. 18, 109 (1934). ~~
44.
A. Heidtkamp and K. Endell, Glastech. Ber. 14, 89 (1936).
45.
A . A. Oeont'eva, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 11, 310 (1938).
61
46.
K. Endell and H. Hellbrugge, Angew. Chem. 53, 271 (1940).
47.
A. S. Konovalov and K. S. Estrop Tev, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 15, 109 (1941).
48.
V . D. Polyakov, Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS Classe Sci. Chim., p. 609 (1941).
49.
A . A . Woolf andN. N. Greenwood, J. Chem. S o c , p. 2200 (1950).
50.
A. A . Leont'eva, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 24, 798 (1950).
51.
A. S. Kheinman and L. I. Rybakhova, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Otd. Tekh. Nauk, p. 1865 (1949).
52.
E. Ya. Gorenbein and Ε. Ε. Kriss, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 26, 346 (1952).
53.
M. A. Klochko and Μ. M. Godneva, Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 4, 2136 (1959).
54.
A . N. Campbell and D. F. Williams, Can. J . Chem. 42. 1778, 1984 (1964).
55.
L. C. Kenavsis, E. C. Evers, and C. A. Kraus, Proc. U. S. Natl. Acad. Sci. 48, 121 (1962).
56.
Μ, I. Usanovich, Τ . N. Sumarokova, and Μ. B. Beketov, Izv. Akad. NaukKhaz. SSR No. 123, Ser. Khim._7, 3 (1953).
57.
J . O ' M . B o c k r i s a n d D . C. Lowe, P r o c Roy. Soc. (London) A 226, 423 (1954).
58.
J . Ο τΜ . Bockris and J . D. MacKenzie, Rev. Met. 51, 658 (1954).
59.
R . Kruhand Κ. H. Stern, J . A m . Chem. Soc. 78, 278 (1956).
60.
A . P. Toropov, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 26, 3257 (1956).
61.
Ν. N. Greenwood and I. J. Worrall, J . Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 6, 34 (1958).
62.
I. G. Murgulescu and St. Zuca, Rev. Roumaine Chim. 10, 129 (1965).
63.
E. F. Riebling, J . Inorg. Chem. 3, 958 (1964).
64.
G. Urbain and R. Rossin, Compt. Rend. 255, 3161 (1962).
65.
Ο. N. Shokina and P. I. Protsenko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 2337 (1963).
66.
P. I. Protsenko and Ο. N. Shokina, Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 9, 152 (1964).
67.
E. F. Riebling, J . A m . Ceram. Soc. 47, 479 (1964).
68.
A. N. Campbell and Ν. K. Nagarajan, Can. J . Chem. 42, 1616 (1964).
69.
G. V . Vorob'ev, S. F. Pal'guev, andS. V . Karapachev, Trudy No. 6 (1965). English transl., Electrochem. Solid and Molten Electrolytes, p. 33 (1966). Consultants Bur., New York.
62
I. TABLE I . C . 3. System
AlBr3 - SbBr3- A s B r
Melt Viscosities - Ternary and Quaternary Mixtures Ref.
3
Physical Properties
1
System
Ref.
N a F - Z r F 4- U F 4
6,11, 12
L^COg-Na^Og-^CO,,
2
LiF-NaF-BeF 2-UF 4
6
AlBr 3-SbBr 3-SnBr 4
3
NaCl-KCl-MgCl 2-CaCl 2
13
AlBr 3-AsBr 3-SnBr 4
3
NaF-KF-BeF 2
7
Na 20-PbO-Si0 2
4
NaOH-NaCl-Na 2CO s
14
NaCl-NaOH-Na3As0 4
5
KF-HF-LiF
15
LiF-NaF-KF
6
GeOj-NajP-ALjOg
16
LiF-NaF-BeF 2
6-8
G e 0 2- N a 20 - S i 0 2
17
L i F - B e F 2- U F 4
6,9
M g O - A l 20 3- S i 0 2
18
NaF-BeF 2-UF 4
6,10
REFERENCES 1.
Ε. Y. Gorenbein and Ε. E. Kriss, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 25, 791 (1951).
2.
G. J . Janz and F. Saegusa, J . Electrochem. Soc. 110, 452 (1963).
3.
Ε. Y. Gorenbein, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 25, 1160 (1951).
4.
R. L. Myuller, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 28, 1077 (1955).
5.
G. G. Urazov, V. S. Lovchikov, and Β. M. Lipshits, Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 1, 1857 (1956).
6.
J . A. Lane, H. G. MacPherson, and F. Maslan, "Fluid Fuel R e a c t o r s . " Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1958.
7.
S. I. Cohen and Τ. N. Jones, ORNL Rept. CF-55-8-21(1955).
8.
S. I. Cohen and Τ. N. Jones, ORNL Rept. CF-55-3-62(1955).
9.
A. G. Bergman, I. S. Rassnoskaya, and Ν. E. Shmidt, Izv. Sektora Fiz. Khim. Analiza Inst. Obshch. Neorgan. Khim. Nauk SSSR 26, 156 (1955).
10.
W. Biltz, Z. Physik. Chem. (Leipzig) 100, 52 (1922).
11.
S. I. Cohen and Τ. N. Jones, ORNL Rept. CF-55-ll-28(1955).
12.
S. I. Cohen and Τ. N. Jones, ORNL Rept. CF-55-9-31(1955).
13.
Kh. L. Strelets, V. N. Zhludneva, and I. L. Reznikov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 28, 643 (1955).
14.
J . Lasek, Collection Czech. Chem. Commun. 29, 1858 (1964).
15.
I. A. Semerikova and A. F. Alabyshev, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37, 207 (1963).
16.
E. F. Riebling, J . Chem. Phys. 43, 499, 1772 (1965).
17.
E. F. Riebling, J . Chem. Phys. 41, 451 (1964).
18.
E. F. Riebling, Can. J . Chem. 42, 2811 (1964).
VISCOSITY
TABLE I . C . l a . Viscosities of NaN0 3 and KNO s as Single Salt Melts Range (°K)
Kei.
(a) (b)
η = a + bT + c T 2 + dT 3 η = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
(cp)
Precision (σ)
NaN0 3 610-768
1
(a)
581-691
2
(a)
595-725
3
(a)
598-730
4
615-724
5
(b)
(b)
(b) (a) (b) (a) (b)
-16.8828 + 0.123352T - 2.28340 χ i o - 4 T 2 -f 1.28367 X 10~ 7T S 10.155 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(3898/RT) 38.1771 - 0.130962T + 1.60919 χ 10~ 4T 2 - 6.87646X 1 0 " 8T 3 15.454 x ΙΟ""2 exp(3400/RT) 231.372 - 1.01082T + 1.49401 X 10~ 3T 2 - 7.40815 X 10~ 7T 3 11.057 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(3814/RT) 74.1468 - 0.284133T 4-3.77585 χ 1 0 " 4T 2 - 1.70748 X 1 0 " 7T 3 10.402 x ΙΟ- 2 exp(3886/RT) 35.5290 - 0.103789T + 9.82780 χ 10" 5Τ 2 - 2.73009 X 1 0 " 8T 3 9.214 x ΙΟ" 2 epX ( 4 0 3 6 / R T )
0.0544 0.0483 0.00211 0.00833 0.0515 0.0544 0.0285 0.0282 0.0159 0.0187
KN0 3 620-780
1
(a)
606-685
2
(a)
622-680
3
(a)
621-815
4
(a)
630-715
5
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b) (a) (b)
117.202 - 0.453834T + 6.00700 χ 10~ 4Τ 2 - 2.68348 X 10~ 7T 3 8.189X ΙΟ" 2 epX( 4 3 2 1 / R T )
0.0408 0.0408
47.2596 - 0.165475T + 2.08580 χ 10" 4T 2 - 9.25925 x 10~ 8T 3 10.418 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(4044/RT)
0.00123
2124.65 - 9.71758T + 1.48385 χ 1 0 - 2T 2 - 7.55651 X 1 0 " 6T 3 12.029X ΙΟ" 2 exp(3812/RT)
0.00920
50.1676 - 0.164572T + 1.86335 χ 10" 4T 2 - 7.12497 x 10~ 8T 3 8.384 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(430l/RT)
0.0234
17.2990 - 1.68023 Χ 10~ 2τ - 3.57887 Χ 10~ 5Τ 2 + 4.02941 X 1 0 " 8T 3 8.205 x ΙΟ- 2 epX( 4 3 1 6 / R T )
52
0.0127
0.00513
0.0278 0.00386 0.00676
I.C.
Viscosity
53 TABLE I . C . l a . (cont.)
Range (°K)
Ref R e' f
)
(b)
= a + bT + c T 2 + d T 3 (cp) η = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
( aη
Precision (0)
KN0 3 (cont.) 618-702
6
(a) (b)
632-764
7
(a) (b)
10.9292 + 7.94931 X 10~4T - 4.66083 X 1 0 " 5T 2 + 3.84539 x 10~ 8T 3 10.222 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(4023/RT)
0.00746
48.5897 - 0.160165T + 1.83381 X 10~ 4T 2 - 7.14030 X 10~ 8T 3 7.977 x ΙΟ" 2 exp(4369/RT)
0.0000
0.0104
0.00430
aA l l equations calculated from original data in references by P. Lorenz, Renssalaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, New York, (1966), with double precision least squares computer program. Units of Ε are cal/mole.
REFERENCES 1.
Η. Μ. Goodwin and R. D. Mailey, Phys. Rev. 23. 22 (1906); ibid. 25, 469 (1907); ibid. 26, 28 (1908); (7 d a k pts., NaN0 3T? data pts., KN03)7~
2.
R . Lorenz and T. Kalmus, Z . Physik. Chem. 58, 425 (1907); (12 data p t s . , NaN0 3; 9 data p t s . , KN0 3).
3.
C. E. Fawsitt, J . Chem. S o c , p. 93 (1908); (9 data pts., NaNO s; 5 data p t s . , KNO s).
4.
R. S. Dantuma, Z . Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 175, 1 (1928); (33 data p t s . , NaN0 3; 35 data p t s . , KN0 3).
5.
I. G. Murgulescu and S. Zuca, Z . Physik. Chem. 218, 379 (1961); (7 data p t s . , NaNO s; 6 data p t s . , KN0 3).
6.
K. Ogawa, J . Japan Inst. Metals 14B, 49 (1950). In Japanese; (7 data p t s . , KNO a).
7.
G. J . Janz and F. Saegusa, J . Electrochem. S o c 110, 452 (1963); (4 data pts., KNO s).
5075
309.8
AgCl
0.02476
ZnCl 2
24, 843
6762
4693
56.19
378.8
PbCL,
578.8
0.221
0.0091
HgCLj
5935513
Bromides
-2738650
-17.5011 -691.223
1536.82
2296.10
6.44636
-0.447411
72.9309
-4341.63
-11.4379
6.91305
-14.0175
-17924.0
50.4565
76773.2
-154.489 -155.719
619.541 677.104
421217.0
105.882
1.39742
-404.387
-0.870654
-0.0649368
1.37677
1394.96
12.0516
12.9259
5.80712
-1.07104
0.999580
14.2786
1.64202
c(10 4)
-2159360
-547.138
-3.59013
2372.69
3.57878
0.541584
-4.66667
-3618.84
-31.3281
-36.1856
-18.0727
3.79670
-2620.35
-3.70073
-5.07737
d(K) 8)
181.3
0.1592
0.0096
0.0080
0.0102
0.0033
0.0012
0.0899
0.0750
0.0738
0.1424
0.0058
0.0132
0.0057
0.0094
S.D.
2 1060- 1240
2,5
600- 670
540- 610
780- 970
560- 580
1
3
6,7
14
4,5
7, 22
730- 970 870- 960
5
1,2
2 780- 970
1270- 1310
1160- 1260
2
1010- 1220 940- 1170
8,10, 17
10,13, 20
1090- 1240 1060-•1200
5,10, 11
Ref.b
910- 1080
Range (°K)
I.
BICI3
0.0075
0.0195
3912
3624
240.5
65.85
0.0059
0.0115
0.065
0.0706
CdC^
2915
20, 029
1.643
104.2
BaClg
CuCl
20, 655
10.88
0.4401
CaC^
SrCL,
0.087
223.960
11,997
9.09724 -62.3034
-19.7657
0.0312
0.0264
11,442
9819
6.630
-12.7847
55.5632
0.0167
7.579
6586
49.84
KCl
-18.5538
-17.9904
Chlorides
b(10 2)
81.9007
67.5978
a
a
η = a + bT + c T 2 + d T 3 (cp)
Viscosity - Single Salt Melts
0.0109
CsCl
9308
18.60
NaCl
0.0092
S.D.
RbCl
7007
33.06
Εη
LiCl
Formula
A(10 3)
η = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
TABLE I . C . l b . 54 Physical Properties
82.68
27.0982 38.8776
-344.322 -496.107
1464.54 2117.23
0.0112
0.0207
26, 260
2 9 ,4 8 7
0.0383
0.0116
NajCOg
-5259.12
0.1057
16893
1.406
1480.91
-138.581
Carbonates
L i 2C O s
10.1199
134-514
Hgl,
-11.0721 -55.2269
3.30383
-33.3640 -62.9538
116.161
0.0367
4531
40.00
0.0831
5259
148.1
-2.98741
1.02512
-11.9506
Agl
0.0086
-3.99172
1.30328
-14.4406
55.2389
0.00851
5343
98.36
KI
48.3150
0.00847
5673
71.71
Nal
530-550 700-820
29 29 22 14
980-1160 880-1100 550-630
0.0577 0.0346
9 9.
1160-1240 1190-1250
0.0114 0.0272
-71.3260 -101.829
_9 0.1022 431.294
1050-1120
0.0090
950-1100
29 5
910-1120
930-1120
29
13,16 6,7
860-940
673
7, 22 4
720-870
730-920 0.0095
-0.00134806
0.154596
-3.14251
17.1272
0.0078
4423
115.1
Lil
0.0163
0.849570
-10.1156
41.8211
0.0168
5706
77.96
Csl
0.0037
-8.85769
35.1934
0.00418
5165
85.14 -2.42543
0.0284
-2.34005
c
-69.9256
0.779282
Iodides
16.8549
Rbl
ZnBr 2
PbBr 2
0.0364
5857
-136.937
0.0078
5040 378.119
0.0102
4556
18.01
HgBr 2
189.3
CdBr 2
-4.84560 0.0072
0.0067
40.9042
18.7613
-3.25971
0.980868
-10.0768
37.1747
AgBr
8
960-1130
0.0046
-3.39298
1.14887
-13.1564
51.9396
0.0076
4863
-110.000
380.6
RbBr
5,8, 10
1030-1180
0.0056
-8.66540
2.94450
-33.4905
128.399
0.0139
5132
5161
0.0040
-3.34241
0.0105
115.8
KBr
5,8 8,10
870-1040 1060-1210
0.0198
-0.451486
1.23215
-15.2525
0.0127
0.217960
-3.27860
16.5192 64.3240
0.0180
5355
3088
110.9
90.83
NaBr
68.68
LiBr I.C. Viscosity 55
6879
6454
83.84
115.9
112.6
49.35
80.51
8.580
98.60
164.5
72.11
22.95
KNOg
AgNOg
TlNOg
NaCNS
Κ £ Γ 20 7
KCNS
NaN0 2
KN0 2
NaOH
KOH
0.2283
0.0201
52.7561
164.771
18 18 19 19
690-720
-16.6134
-61.4833
1.80314
7.80340
-6.66494
-33.3334
630-820 680-870
0.0359 0.0120
0.0055
-236.530
560-580 0.0085
-266.247 50.6274
-361.760
216.788 48.7657
-298.133
-1117.76
6,18 21 450-520 0.0899
-1408.26
670-780
21
1935.08
0.0881
18 480-520
0.0084
0.1792
864.798
12, 23, 24
530-590 0.0054
4.25741
-0.112662
-11.0600
79.5667
0.00767
6,10, 12, 13, 20 630-810
0.0234
580-630
0.1537
610.946
12,13 25, 26 590-730
0.0565
12,13
540-700
Ref.b
0.0284
Range (°K)
0.1143
S.D.
0.0128
-1047.12
-23.2448
-7.12497
-211.546
3424
6177
10.6106 -17.0748
39.6856
0.0209
4937
161.231
4.80289
1.86335
Miscellaneous
-829.100
-33.6741
-16.4572
3.77585
-1.31061
d(10«)
-249.292
1427.01
81.7743
50.1676
-28.4133
1.34189
Nitrates
c ( 1 0 4)
526.399
0.0223
0.0646
0.0054
0.0278
74.1468
20.4645
a
η = a + bT + c T 2 + d T 3 (cp) b(K) 2)
I.
3842
4636
3391
3620
4301
0.0282
5103
104.0
3886
56.63
LiN0 3
S.D.
Έη
NaNOg
Formula
A ( 1 0 3)
V = A exp(E/RT) (cp)
TABLE I . C . l b . (cont.) 56 Physical Properties
I. C. Viscosity
57 Footnotes to TABLE I . C . lb
a G . J. Janz. A. T. Ward, and R. D. Reeves, Molten salt data: conduc tance, density, and viscosity. Tech. Bull. Ser., Renssalaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, New York (1954); data in Table I . C . lb revised by P. Lorenz and G. J . Janz. 1966. Units of Ε are c a l / m o l e . " The underscored references contain data which were weighted in this a s sessment of the viscosities of single salt melts. c F o r Cul, see Ref. 27. d
For viscosity of melts within fritted glass discs, see Ref. 28.
REFERENCES 1. 2.
V. T. Slavyanskii, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 58, 1077 (1947). G. J. Janz and R. D. Reeves, Advan. Electrochem. Electrochem. Eng. 5 (1967).
3.
A . H. W. Aten, Z. Physik. Chem. 66, 641 (1909).
4.
H. Bloom, B. S. Harrap, and E. Heymann, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A194, 237 (1948).
5.
S. Karpachev and A. Stromberg, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 11, 852 (1938).
6.
R . Lorenz and T. Kalmus, Z . Physik. Chem. 59, 244 (1907).
7.
B. S. Harrap and E. Heymann, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51, 259 (1955).
8.
I. G. Murgulescu and S. Zuca, Z . Physik. Chem. (Leipzig) 218, 379 (1961).
9.
G. J . Janz and F. Saegusa, J . Electrochem. Soc. 110, 452 (1963).
10.
C. E. Fawsitt, J . Chem. S o c , p. 93 (1908).
11.
S. Karpachev, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 6, 1079 (1935).
12.
Η. M. Goodwin a n d R . D. Mailey, Phys. Rev. 23, 22 (1906); ibid. 25, 469 (1907); ibid. 26, 28 (1908).
13.
R. S. Dantuma, Z . Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 175, 1 (1938).
14.
G. J . Janz and J . D. E. Mclntyre, J. Electrochem. S o c 109, 842 (1962).
15.
K. Beck. Z. Physik. Chem. 58, 425 (1907).
16.
G. Jander and K. Broderson, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 264, 57 (1951).
17.
S. Karpachev, Zh. Obshch. Khim. 5, 625 (1935).
18.
J . P. Frame, E. Rhodes, and A. R. Ubbelohde, Trans. Faraday Soc. 55, 2039 (1959).
19.
K. Arndt and G. Ploetz, Z. Physik. Chem. 121, 439 (1926).
20.
K. Ogawa, Nippon Kinzoku Gakkaishi 14B, 49 (1950).
21.
D. W. Plester, S. E. Rogers, and A. R . Ubbelohde, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A235, 469 (1956).
22.
R. Lorenz and A. Hochberg, Z . Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 94, 288 (1916).
23.
F. M. Jaeger, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 101, 1 (1917).
24.
F. A. Pugsley and F. E. W. Wetmore, Can. J . Chem. 32, 839 (1954).
25.
R . Lorenz and Η. T. Kalmus, Z. Physik. Chem. 59, 17 (1907).
I.
58
Physical Properties
26.
C. E. Fawsitt, P r o c . Roy. Soc. (London) A80, 290 (1908).
27.
V . M. Glazov and S. N. Chrzhevskaya, Zh. Neorgan. Khim. 9, 759 (1964).
28.
B. R. Sundheim and A . Berlin, J . Phys. Chem. 68, 1266 (1964).
29.
I. G. Murgulescu and S. Zuca, Rev. Roumaine Chim. 10, 123 (1965). TABLE I. C. 2. System
Melt Viscosities - Binary Systems Ref.
System
Ref.
LiF-BeF2
1
KBr-AlBr 3
13,24
LiCl-KCl
2
KBr-PbBr 2
62
LiN0 3-RbN0 3
3
KBr-AgBr
22
NaF-BeF 2
1
KBr-ZnS0 4
3
NaF-AlF 3
4
KBr-HgBr 2
14
NaF-ZrF4
1
KN0 3-Ca(N0 3) 2
3
NaCl-NaN0 3
5
KNO s-AgN0 3
3,25
NaCl-KCl
2, 6, 62
KjSCVZnSC^
3
NaCl-KN0 3
7
R b N 0 3- A g N 0 3
3
NaCl-MgCL,
8
CsBr-ZnS04
3
NaCl-CaCla
3, 5, 6, 9
NI^Br-AlBrg
26
NaCl-BaCLj
3, 5,6
NH4Br-2AlBr 3
15
NaCl-AlCl 3
10,11
NK^Br-ZnBr,;
15
NaCl-CdCLj
12
MgCl 2-CaCl2
27
NaCl-PbCLj
6
A l B r 3- Z n B r 2
24
NaBr-AlBr 3
13
AlBr 3-HgBr 2
26
NaBr-HgBr 2
14
AgCl-AgBr
22
NaBr-2AlBr 3
15
AgCl-PbClji
22
NaOH-Na3As04
16
AgBr-HgBr 2
14
NaOH-Na 3Sb0 4
16
AgI-AgNO s
3,11, 28
NaNO s-KN0 3
17-19, 48
Agl-HgL,
23
KF-BeF 2
20
AgN0 3-HgBr 2
14
KCl-MgCl 2
8,11, 21
AgNOg-HgL,
3,29
KCl-AgCl
22
A g N 0 3- T l N 0 3
30
KCl-CdCLj
12
CdCl2-CdBr 2
31
KCl-PbCLj
12
CdC^-PbCLj
12
KCl-SbCl 3
23
HgBr 2-HgI 2
32
KCl-2AlBr 3
15
HgBr 2-TlBr
14
KBr-KCl
62
PbCl2-PbBr 2
22, 33
I . C . Viscosity
59 TABLE I . C . 2 . (cont.)
System
Ref.
System
Ref.
PbF 2-PbO
34
SbCl 3-SbCl 5
56
G e 0 2 With oxides of (Li, Na, K, Rb, B)
35, 67
Binary alkali earth borates
38
S i 0 2 With oxides of (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Al, B, Fe, Ti, Mn)
36, 37 44-47, 51, 57, 58, 67
B 20 3- N a P 0 3
39
59
B 20 3- N a 2B 40 7
40, 45, 50, 59
B 2O a With carbonates of (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Alkyl ammonium picrates
41
B 2O s-NaF
59
NaB0 2-NaP0 3
42, 43
SnCl 4-TiCl 4
60
B 20 3- K 2 B 40 7
45, 50
GaBr 3-POBr 3
61
A s F 3- S b F 3
49
PbO-Ge0 2
63
B 2O s-Na 3AlF 6 B 2O s-NaCl
59 59
A s B r 3- A l B r 3
52
CaO-Al 2O s
64
NaOH-Hp
53
Ba(N0 2) 2-NaN0 3; (KN0 3)
65, 66
LiClCVILp
54
LiC10 3-LiN0 3
68
(Amyl) 4NCNS-C 6H 6
55
(Li,Na),(Na, K), (Li, K)CQ 3 69
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62
I. TABLE I . C . 3. System
AlBr3 - SbBr3- A s B r
Melt Viscosities - Ternary and Quaternary Mixtures Ref.
3
Physical Properties
1
System
Ref.
N a F - Z r F 4- U F 4
6,11, 12
L^COg-Na^Og-^CO,,
2
LiF-NaF-BeF 2-UF 4
6
AlBr 3-SbBr 3-SnBr 4
3
NaCl-KCl-MgCl 2-CaCl 2
13
AlBr 3-AsBr 3-SnBr 4
3
NaF-KF-BeF 2
7
Na 20-PbO-Si0 2
4
NaOH-NaCl-Na 2CO s
14
NaCl-NaOH-Na3As0 4
5
KF-HF-LiF
15
LiF-NaF-KF
6
GeOj-NajP-ALjOg
16
LiF-NaF-BeF 2
6-8
G e 0 2- N a 20 - S i 0 2
17
L i F - B e F 2- U F 4
6,9
M g O - A l 20 3- S i 0 2
18
NaF-BeF 2-UF 4
6,10
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