- Email: [email protected]
Whipple of the Whipple Operation
Imaging and Advanced Technology continued
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tients undergoing capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:89 –95. Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Fleischer DE, Hara AK, Heigh RI, Shiff AD, Sharma VK. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2407–2418. Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Gurudu SR, Fleischer DE, Hara AK, Heigh RI, Shiff AD, Sharma VK. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with non-stricturing small bowel Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:954 –964. May A, Nachbar L, Pohl J, Ell C. Endoscopic interventions in the small bowel using double balloon enteroscopy: feasibility and limitations. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:527–535. Mehdizadeh S, Ross A, Gerson L, Leighton J, Chen A, Schembre D, Chen G, Semrad C, Kamal A, Harrison EM, Binmoeller K, Waxman I, Kozarek R, Lo SK. What is the learning curve associated with double-balloon enteroscopy? Technical details and early experience in 6 U.S. tertiary care centers. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:740 –750. Paulsen SR, Huprich JE, Fletcher JG, Booya F, Young BM, Fidler JL, Johnson CD, Barlow JM, Earnest Ft. CT enterography as a diagnostic tool in evaluating small bowel disorders: review of
clinical experience with over 700 cases. Radiographics 2006;26:641– 657; discussion 657– 662. 8. Hara AK, Leighton JA, Heigh RI, Sharma VK, Silva AC, De Petris G, Hentz JG, Fleischer DE. Crohn disease of the small bowel: preliminary comparison among CT enterography, capsule endoscopy, small-bowel follow-through, and ileoscopy. Radiology 2006; 238:128 –134. 9. Booya F, Fletcher JG, Huprich JE, Barlow JM, Johnson CD, Fidler JL, Solem CA, Sandborn WJ, Loftus EV, Jr., Harmsen WS. Active Crohn disease: CT findings and interobserver agreement for enteric phase CT enterography. Radiology 2006;241:787–795. 10. Colombel JF, Solem CA, Sandborn WJ, Booya F, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Bodily KD, Fletcher JG. Quantitative measurement and visual assessment of ileal Crohn’s disease activity by computed tomography enterography: correlation with endoscopic severity and C reactive protein. Gut. 2006;55: 1561–1567.
Address requests for reprints to: Jonathan A. Leighton, MD, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259. e-mail: [email protected]; fax: (480) 301-8673.
Whipple of the Whipple Operation Allen Oldfather Whipple (1881–1963) was born in Iran, the son of missionary parents. His boyhood in the Near East imbued him with a lifelong interest in the history, art, culture, and medicine of that area. A graduate of Princeton, he obtained his MD from Columbia in 1908. After 2 years of internship at the Roosevelt Hospital in New York, he joined the surgical staff of the Columbia– Presbyterian Hospital where in 1921 he was named Professor of Surgery. In 1935, he described the cardinal features of insulin-producing tumors of the pancreas. These are often referred to as Whipple’s triad: spontaneous hypoglycemia, vasomotor reaction, and prompt relief by administration of glucose. In the same year he described radical pancreoduodenectomy, the operation that still bears his name. Among his other contributions was a reawakening of interest in the Eck fistula as a means of reducing portal hypertension. A master surgeon, he was at the same time deeply religious and warmly human. It is said that during operations he would instruct his assistants to vary tempo by using musical terms: andante, to slow down, and allegro, to speed up. Outside of surgery, he wrote on the Nestorians as a link between Greek and Arabic medicine. (Allen Whipple is not to be confused with George Hoyt Whipple of Whipple’s disease, although the two contemporaries had met and, although unrelated, regarded each other as cousins). Copyright holder unknown.
—Contributed by WILLIAM S. HAUBRICH, MD The Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
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tients undergoing capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:89 –95. Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Fleischer DE, Hara AK, Heigh RI, Shiff AD, Sharma VK. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2407–2418. Triester SL, Leighton JA, Leontiadis GI, Gurudu SR, Fleischer DE, Hara AK, Heigh RI, Shiff AD, Sharma VK. A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with non-stricturing small bowel Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:954 –964. May A, Nachbar L, Pohl J, Ell C. Endoscopic interventions in the small bowel using double balloon enteroscopy: feasibility and limitations. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:527–535. Mehdizadeh S, Ross A, Gerson L, Leighton J, Chen A, Schembre D, Chen G, Semrad C, Kamal A, Harrison EM, Binmoeller K, Waxman I, Kozarek R, Lo SK. What is the learning curve associated with double-balloon enteroscopy? Technical details and early experience in 6 U.S. tertiary care centers. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:740 –750. Paulsen SR, Huprich JE, Fletcher JG, Booya F, Young BM, Fidler JL, Johnson CD, Barlow JM, Earnest Ft. CT enterography as a diagnostic tool in evaluating small bowel disorders: review of
clinical experience with over 700 cases. Radiographics 2006;26:641– 657; discussion 657– 662. 8. Hara AK, Leighton JA, Heigh RI, Sharma VK, Silva AC, De Petris G, Hentz JG, Fleischer DE. Crohn disease of the small bowel: preliminary comparison among CT enterography, capsule endoscopy, small-bowel follow-through, and ileoscopy. Radiology 2006; 238:128 –134. 9. Booya F, Fletcher JG, Huprich JE, Barlow JM, Johnson CD, Fidler JL, Solem CA, Sandborn WJ, Loftus EV, Jr., Harmsen WS. Active Crohn disease: CT findings and interobserver agreement for enteric phase CT enterography. Radiology 2006;241:787–795. 10. Colombel JF, Solem CA, Sandborn WJ, Booya F, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Bodily KD, Fletcher JG. Quantitative measurement and visual assessment of ileal Crohn’s disease activity by computed tomography enterography: correlation with endoscopic severity and C reactive protein. Gut. 2006;55: 1561–1567.
Address requests for reprints to: Jonathan A. Leighton, MD, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259. e-mail: [email protected]; fax: (480) 301-8673.
Whipple of the Whipple Operation Allen Oldfather Whipple (1881–1963) was born in Iran, the son of missionary parents. His boyhood in the Near East imbued him with a lifelong interest in the history, art, culture, and medicine of that area. A graduate of Princeton, he obtained his MD from Columbia in 1908. After 2 years of internship at the Roosevelt Hospital in New York, he joined the surgical staff of the Columbia– Presbyterian Hospital where in 1921 he was named Professor of Surgery. In 1935, he described the cardinal features of insulin-producing tumors of the pancreas. These are often referred to as Whipple’s triad: spontaneous hypoglycemia, vasomotor reaction, and prompt relief by administration of glucose. In the same year he described radical pancreoduodenectomy, the operation that still bears his name. Among his other contributions was a reawakening of interest in the Eck fistula as a means of reducing portal hypertension. A master surgeon, he was at the same time deeply religious and warmly human. It is said that during operations he would instruct his assistants to vary tempo by using musical terms: andante, to slow down, and allegro, to speed up. Outside of surgery, he wrote on the Nestorians as a link between Greek and Arabic medicine. (Allen Whipple is not to be confused with George Hoyt Whipple of Whipple’s disease, although the two contemporaries had met and, although unrelated, regarded each other as cousins). Copyright holder unknown.
—Contributed by WILLIAM S. HAUBRICH, MD The Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
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