- Email: [email protected]
05402 Scientific basis for nuclear waste management XVIII
15
Environment (pollution,health proteciion, safety)
95lQ5402 Scl~ntific bar18 for nuclear waste managamant XVIII Materials Research Society, 9800 McKnightRd, Pittsburgh,PA.I52376006, USA, $80.00 (USA), $85.00 (Gverseas), 1455 pp. Symposium held 23-27 Octors cover scientific and engineering issues on the safety and economic pod of nuclear waste. Sltlng of gaologlcal dlapoaal facllltlaa 95lQS4Q3 IAWL,SafetySeries No. Ill-G.4-1. The book is one of series of safety guides issued by the IAEA. The guide reflects the existing international concensus in the approach to the safe control of radioactive waste. 95/05404 Soll ‘%a actlvlty In a troplcal deciduous acoayatam under pasture convaraloi\ In Maxlio Garcia-Oliva F. et aL. J. Environ. Radioactivitv.1995. 26. (lb 37-49. Soil profiles~of “‘Ca here measured in a tropi&l d&d&s ecosystem under uasture conversion on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Soil sampler were t&en from unperturbed forest, and from pasture plots following ‘forest conversion. Discusses the concentration of “‘Ca in soil which has increased worldwide as a result of nuclear tests and accidents. Solldltlcatlon/atablllaatlon of araanlc-contalnlng 95105405 waste: Leach teats and bahavlour of eraanlc In the laachata Dune, V. and Vandecasteele, C. Wurte Manugement, 1995, 15, (l), 55-62. An industrial waste containiig large amounts of arsenic (42 wt%) was studied. The waste was treated using solidification/stabilisation technology (S/S) with cement and poxxolanic materials. Addition of lime appeared to be the major factor in reducing the concentration of arsenic in the leachate from the s/S material through the formation of a slightly soluble calciumarsenic corn ound in the leachate. To investigate the mechanism of leaching from t! e S/S waste, semi-dynamic leach tests were performed (ANSUANS 16.1), but no direct conclusions concerning the release mechanism could be drawn from these tests, as equilibrium was reached during the intervals of static leaching of which the semi-dynamic lea& test consists, Studv on affect of exhaust aaa from coal thermal 95/05405 power plant on microalgaa Iwamoto, T. et aL, Taisei Kensetsu Gijutsu Kenkyushoho, 1994, 27, 11-16. (In Japanese) The paper dtscusses a system of CO* fmation using the photosynthetic functton of algae. The authors studied the effect of flue gas on algae gIOWth.
95lQ5401 Study on flus gas daaulfurlzatlon by ualng pyrolusite ---- aula Liang, R. et a& Chongqing Daxue Xuebaa, 1994. 17, (5). 55-93. (In Chinese)
95/05411 Surface textural than as during raactlon of CaCOs crystals wlth SO, and Oa (air). 3. Bn praaanca of coal combuatlon, 570-920 K Anderson, D. C. er al., Fue( Jul. 1995,74, (7), 1031-1035. The combustion of sulphur-containing coal particles on a caIcium carbonate crystal results in retexturing of a neighbourlng CaCO 180) face. The structural modifications developed at the CaCO, crystal s ti ace show simllarities in those found after reaction of calcite in SOr and 0s (air). It is concluded that sulohur dioxide formed durinn coal combustion reacts extremely readily kith calcium carbonate and-&at subsequent oxidation yields CaSO, as the stable product. Under these conditions, the crystals of the product are embedded in and oriented with respect to the reactant CaCO,. It appears that some of these reactions proceed without melting between 870 and 970 K Aspects of the mechanism of the overall reaction are discussed. 95105412 Taking It all back home 2. Raturnlng vltriflad naldues to BNFL’a ctiatomara Can, M. Nuclear Engineering Int.. Jul. 1995. 40, 1492). 38-39. Reports that the fust shipment b Japan of 28 c&s& c&ining vitrified restdues arising from Cogema’s reprocessing of Japanese spent fuel used a TN28 V flask described in the September 1994,issue of Nuclear Engineermg Intematlonal. Dtfferences m the handlmg requtrements between BNn’s reprocessing plant at Sellafield and Cogema s at La Hague have necessitated a different, but similar, design of flask for future shipments from the UK 95lOWi 3 Technology for purlflcatlon of waste gas ualng waste matarlala Shimokawabe, M. Kagaku (Kyoto), 199:. 50, (2). (In Japanese) Discusses the processes for desulphurixatron of flue gases using coal ash absorbents, in which SO, is oxidized by NO, to give SO,, the SO is reacted with CaO to give anhydrite, and NO, is also reacted with Cad to give C@O& 95lO5414 Technology raaponaaa to global anvlronmantal challangaa OECD,2 RueAndre Pascal, 75775 Paris Cede 16, France, 1994,974 pp. Proceedinns of a conference ornanixed bv the International Eneruv Anencv and the Jzpanese Ministry of‘intema&al Trade and Industr$ hEld &I Kyoto, Japan, 6-8 November 1991, The taata on trlggarad barrlara In croaa-roads of 95/05415 mlnlng gallarlaa bulski, K. et al., Proc. 6th Int. Colloq.DustExpios. Conf, Northeast 3 niversityPress, Shenyang,P.R. China, 1994,500-509. Describes tests of triggered barriers with SOLAR Panel as a detector. It was moved that such a system is an effective way to Drotcct cross-roads galleiies a ainst weak explosion propagation. Thi resuits give hopes that mine wo rt%y triggered barriers can be constructed.
r--l-
Thermogravlmetrlc study of the characterlatlca and 95105415 reactlvlty of CaO formed In the presence of small amounta of
95lO5409 Sulfur ?? volutlon during coal burnlng In laboratory condltlona Dlugosx, A. et al., Karbo-Energochenu-EM, 1994, 39, (4). 92-93. (In Polish) es durlng reactlon of CaCO, The significant than es of surface texture in CaCO, crystallites due to reaction in an eouimof ar SO.-0. mixture were examined bv scanninn ebctron microscopj. Surface i&lifications were extensive- above 8?0 K, which is close to the temperature of CaCO, dissociation and of CaSO, oxidation. It a pears that both rate recesses artici ate in the conversion of calcite in &ISO, by reaction wit SOa u&r ox&.&g conditions. The results confii the production of sulfate above 870 K, but thii generation of product across the surfaces represents a barrier to gas-solid contact that prevents complete reaction of the CaCO, particles.
Electron microscopic observations of (100) cleavage faces of calcite crystals shows that reaction with SO, + 0, (air) results in significant surface modification. Sulphate formation becomes significant above 850 K, and the observations are explained by the following mechanism. Calcium oxide, formed by CaCO, dissoclatton, reacts with SOa and the CaSO, so formed is oxidixed. The CaSO, product constitutes an adherent barrier layer that limits the extent of reactton, an im rtant consideration in development of this method for more effective t!”UCgas desulphurization. The textural evidence suggests that the concurrent chemical steps mentioned require considerable mobility of the species participating in the surface/solid reactions.
376
Fuel and Energy Abatracta Saptambar 1995
Thoughta on some dust axploalblllty teat methods 95105417 In 20L apparatus Xu, T. et al., Proc. 6th Int. Colloq. Dust Expios., NortheastUniversity Press, Chenyang,P.R. China, 1994, 278-253. Presents the results of dust explosibility in a 20L sphere according to ASTM El226 standard test method and the standard (draft) of the subcommittee 31H of IEC. It is shown that 10 KJ is too high to accurately determine the lower explosion limit in a 2OL vessel; the standard delay time td = 60 ms should include the delay of electric fuse-head so that the explosion index data from a 20L sphere can be correlated to those from a 1 M vessel. To beat orlantata the envlronmantal cholcaa 95105415 Abord De Chatillon, R. Revue dr I’Energie, Apr. 1995, (467). 216218. n French) R e Rio meeting in 1992 put into the limelight the emergence of the environment on the energy scene. Locally in the seventies, environmental concerns progressively became internationaL A great deal of environmental problems are related to energy and energy consuming activities such as transportation. In the future energ policies will be linked to environmental ones. Considering the extent of I e problem there is a need to apply governmental politics in the framework of a new scientific as well as economic rationality and this not only at the national level but at the international level as well as choices have to be ma& takin into account the economic and comportemental realities. The article stu d es the tools a government has for an environmental policy which can be statutory, curative as well as take the form of taxationor in the case of France public choice.
Environment (pollution,health proteciion, safety)
95lQ5402 Scl~ntific bar18 for nuclear waste managamant XVIII Materials Research Society, 9800 McKnightRd, Pittsburgh,PA.I52376006, USA, $80.00 (USA), $85.00 (Gverseas), 1455 pp. Symposium held 23-27 Octors cover scientific and engineering issues on the safety and economic pod of nuclear waste. Sltlng of gaologlcal dlapoaal facllltlaa 95lQS4Q3 IAWL,SafetySeries No. Ill-G.4-1. The book is one of series of safety guides issued by the IAEA. The guide reflects the existing international concensus in the approach to the safe control of radioactive waste. 95/05404 Soll ‘%a actlvlty In a troplcal deciduous acoayatam under pasture convaraloi\ In Maxlio Garcia-Oliva F. et aL. J. Environ. Radioactivitv.1995. 26. (lb 37-49. Soil profiles~of “‘Ca here measured in a tropi&l d&d&s ecosystem under uasture conversion on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Soil sampler were t&en from unperturbed forest, and from pasture plots following ‘forest conversion. Discusses the concentration of “‘Ca in soil which has increased worldwide as a result of nuclear tests and accidents. Solldltlcatlon/atablllaatlon of araanlc-contalnlng 95105405 waste: Leach teats and bahavlour of eraanlc In the laachata Dune, V. and Vandecasteele, C. Wurte Manugement, 1995, 15, (l), 55-62. An industrial waste containiig large amounts of arsenic (42 wt%) was studied. The waste was treated using solidification/stabilisation technology (S/S) with cement and poxxolanic materials. Addition of lime appeared to be the major factor in reducing the concentration of arsenic in the leachate from the s/S material through the formation of a slightly soluble calciumarsenic corn ound in the leachate. To investigate the mechanism of leaching from t! e S/S waste, semi-dynamic leach tests were performed (ANSUANS 16.1), but no direct conclusions concerning the release mechanism could be drawn from these tests, as equilibrium was reached during the intervals of static leaching of which the semi-dynamic lea& test consists, Studv on affect of exhaust aaa from coal thermal 95/05405 power plant on microalgaa Iwamoto, T. et aL, Taisei Kensetsu Gijutsu Kenkyushoho, 1994, 27, 11-16. (In Japanese) The paper dtscusses a system of CO* fmation using the photosynthetic functton of algae. The authors studied the effect of flue gas on algae gIOWth.
95lQ5401 Study on flus gas daaulfurlzatlon by ualng pyrolusite ---- aula Liang, R. et a& Chongqing Daxue Xuebaa, 1994. 17, (5). 55-93. (In Chinese)
95/05411 Surface textural than as during raactlon of CaCOs crystals wlth SO, and Oa (air). 3. Bn praaanca of coal combuatlon, 570-920 K Anderson, D. C. er al., Fue( Jul. 1995,74, (7), 1031-1035. The combustion of sulphur-containing coal particles on a caIcium carbonate crystal results in retexturing of a neighbourlng CaCO 180) face. The structural modifications developed at the CaCO, crystal s ti ace show simllarities in those found after reaction of calcite in SOr and 0s (air). It is concluded that sulohur dioxide formed durinn coal combustion reacts extremely readily kith calcium carbonate and-&at subsequent oxidation yields CaSO, as the stable product. Under these conditions, the crystals of the product are embedded in and oriented with respect to the reactant CaCO,. It appears that some of these reactions proceed without melting between 870 and 970 K Aspects of the mechanism of the overall reaction are discussed. 95105412 Taking It all back home 2. Raturnlng vltriflad naldues to BNFL’a ctiatomara Can, M. Nuclear Engineering Int.. Jul. 1995. 40, 1492). 38-39. Reports that the fust shipment b Japan of 28 c&s& c&ining vitrified restdues arising from Cogema’s reprocessing of Japanese spent fuel used a TN28 V flask described in the September 1994,issue of Nuclear Engineermg Intematlonal. Dtfferences m the handlmg requtrements between BNn’s reprocessing plant at Sellafield and Cogema s at La Hague have necessitated a different, but similar, design of flask for future shipments from the UK 95lOWi 3 Technology for purlflcatlon of waste gas ualng waste matarlala Shimokawabe, M. Kagaku (Kyoto), 199:. 50, (2). (In Japanese) Discusses the processes for desulphurixatron of flue gases using coal ash absorbents, in which SO, is oxidized by NO, to give SO,, the SO is reacted with CaO to give anhydrite, and NO, is also reacted with Cad to give C@O& 95lO5414 Technology raaponaaa to global anvlronmantal challangaa OECD,2 RueAndre Pascal, 75775 Paris Cede 16, France, 1994,974 pp. Proceedinns of a conference ornanixed bv the International Eneruv Anencv and the Jzpanese Ministry of‘intema&al Trade and Industr$ hEld &I Kyoto, Japan, 6-8 November 1991, The taata on trlggarad barrlara In croaa-roads of 95/05415 mlnlng gallarlaa bulski, K. et al., Proc. 6th Int. Colloq.DustExpios. Conf, Northeast 3 niversityPress, Shenyang,P.R. China, 1994,500-509. Describes tests of triggered barriers with SOLAR Panel as a detector. It was moved that such a system is an effective way to Drotcct cross-roads galleiies a ainst weak explosion propagation. Thi resuits give hopes that mine wo rt%y triggered barriers can be constructed.
r--l-
Thermogravlmetrlc study of the characterlatlca and 95105415 reactlvlty of CaO formed In the presence of small amounta of
95lO5409 Sulfur ?? volutlon during coal burnlng In laboratory condltlona Dlugosx, A. et al., Karbo-Energochenu-EM, 1994, 39, (4). 92-93. (In Polish) es durlng reactlon of CaCO, The significant than es of surface texture in CaCO, crystallites due to reaction in an eouimof ar SO.-0. mixture were examined bv scanninn ebctron microscopj. Surface i&lifications were extensive- above 8?0 K, which is close to the temperature of CaCO, dissociation and of CaSO, oxidation. It a pears that both rate recesses artici ate in the conversion of calcite in &ISO, by reaction wit SOa u&r ox&.&g conditions. The results confii the production of sulfate above 870 K, but thii generation of product across the surfaces represents a barrier to gas-solid contact that prevents complete reaction of the CaCO, particles.
Electron microscopic observations of (100) cleavage faces of calcite crystals shows that reaction with SO, + 0, (air) results in significant surface modification. Sulphate formation becomes significant above 850 K, and the observations are explained by the following mechanism. Calcium oxide, formed by CaCO, dissoclatton, reacts with SOa and the CaSO, so formed is oxidixed. The CaSO, product constitutes an adherent barrier layer that limits the extent of reactton, an im rtant consideration in development of this method for more effective t!”UCgas desulphurization. The textural evidence suggests that the concurrent chemical steps mentioned require considerable mobility of the species participating in the surface/solid reactions.
376
Fuel and Energy Abatracta Saptambar 1995
Thoughta on some dust axploalblllty teat methods 95105417 In 20L apparatus Xu, T. et al., Proc. 6th Int. Colloq. Dust Expios., NortheastUniversity Press, Chenyang,P.R. China, 1994, 278-253. Presents the results of dust explosibility in a 20L sphere according to ASTM El226 standard test method and the standard (draft) of the subcommittee 31H of IEC. It is shown that 10 KJ is too high to accurately determine the lower explosion limit in a 2OL vessel; the standard delay time td = 60 ms should include the delay of electric fuse-head so that the explosion index data from a 20L sphere can be correlated to those from a 1 M vessel. To beat orlantata the envlronmantal cholcaa 95105415 Abord De Chatillon, R. Revue dr I’Energie, Apr. 1995, (467). 216218. n French) R e Rio meeting in 1992 put into the limelight the emergence of the environment on the energy scene. Locally in the seventies, environmental concerns progressively became internationaL A great deal of environmental problems are related to energy and energy consuming activities such as transportation. In the future energ policies will be linked to environmental ones. Considering the extent of I e problem there is a need to apply governmental politics in the framework of a new scientific as well as economic rationality and this not only at the national level but at the international level as well as choices have to be ma& takin into account the economic and comportemental realities. The article stu d es the tools a government has for an environmental policy which can be statutory, curative as well as take the form of taxationor in the case of France public choice.