DENTAL SURGERY.

722 !

DENTAL SURGERY. ANYONE who is

on

the Medical

Register

is entitled to

dentist, although he cannot register as such without the special licence ; but it is of eminent advantage to take the L.D.S., otherwise few dental appointments at general or special hospitals or dispensaries are available, and,

practise

as a

what is still more important, the manual dexterity and knowledge of mechanics requisite for the successful practice of dentistry can only be gained by long and careful training at the dental operating chair and in the dental laboratory ; and, this having been attained, it is but little trouble to The subjects beyond those pass the special examinations. included in the general qualification are-Dental Anatomy and Physiology (Human and Comparative), one course; a separate course of Dental Histology, including the preparation of microscopical sections ; Dental Surgery, one course ; a separate course of Practical Dental Surgery ; a course of not less than five lectures on the Surgery of the Mouth; Dental Mechanics, one course ; a course of Practical Dental Mechanics, including the manufacture and adjustment of

six dentures and six crowns ; Dental Metallurgy, one course ; of Practical Dental Metallurgy ; Practice of Dental Surgery at a recognised school, two years, and a certificate of having been engaged during a period of not less than three years in acquiring a knowledge of Dental Mechanics (this may be obtained by apprenticeship to a duly qualified dental practitioner or in the mechanical department The Dental Schools in of a recognised dental hospital). London are the Royal Dental Hospital of London, the National Dental Hospital and College, and Guy’s Hospital Dental School. Most of the large provincial towns have A convenient arrangement by which now dental hospitals. the M.R.C.S.. L.R.C.P., and L.D.S. can be taken is as follows :-The Preliminary Examination in General Education having been passed the student should commence his mechanical training at a dental school or with a qualified dentist and register as a dental and medical student. (This instruction, however, may be taken prior to the date of registration as a dental student.) During his mechanical training the student should receive instruction in Chemistry and Physics, Pharmacy and Elementary Biology, and pass in these subjects before entering the hospital. (The foregoing constitute the First Examination.) Having entered the hospital the student should attend the dental and general courses contemporaneously, and pass at the end of the second winter the Second Examination-namely, Anatomy and Physiology. At the completion of his second year of study the Dental Examination should be passed. The student should then devote his time to general studies and pass the Third Examination. When time permits it is advisable to attend the general hospital only until after the First and Second Examinations have been passed. At this point a break may be made to admit of the completion of the dental curriculum and the passing of the examinations for the L.D.S. diploma. The best course, however, is entirely to finish the curriculum for the M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. and then take the special Dental work. The regulations for the Dental Licence of the Royal Colleges of Ireland and Edinburgh and of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow are very similar to those of the English College. The L.D.S. can also be obtained alone.

a course

REGISTRATION OF DENTAL STUDENTS. of dental students is carried on at the Medical Council Office in London in the same manner as the existing registration of medical students, and subject to the same regulations as regards Preliminary Examinations. Students who commenced their professional education by apprenticeship to dentists entitled to be registered or by attendance upon professional lectures before July 22nd, 1878 (when dental education became compulsory), are not required to produce evidence of having passed a Preliminary Examination. Candidates for a diploma in Dental Surgery must produce certificates of having been engaged during four years in professional studies and of having received three years’ instruction in mechanical dentistry from a registered practitioner. The three years of instruction in mechanical dentistry, or any part of them, may be taken by the dental student either before or after his registration as a student, but no year of such mechanical instruction will be counted as one of the four years of professional study unless taken after registration. The

registration

It is now necessary for anyone practising Dental Surgery in this country to be on the Register and no foreign qualifi.

cations are admitted. The Royal CoZZrgc of 5’zcrgcons of England grants a diploma in Dental Surgery under the following regulations, which apply to all candidates who have registered as dental students after Jan. 1st, 1897. Candidates are required to pass three examinations : the Preliminary Science Examination, the First Professional Examination, and the Second Professional Examination. I. Preliminary Science Exami. nation.-Before admission to this examination the candidate must produce a certificate of having received instruction (which may be taken prior to the date of registration as a dental student) at a recognised institution in Chemistry, Physics, and Practical Chemistry. The examination consists of these subjects and is identical with Part I. of the First Examination of the Examining Board in England. II. The First Professional Examination.-The candidate must produce the following certificates : 1. Of having been engaged during a period of not less than three years in acquiring a practical familiarity with the details of mechanical dentistry, under the instruction (which may be taken prior to registration as a dental student) of a competent practitioner or under the direction of the superintendent of the mechanical department of a recognised dental hospital. In the case of qualified surgeons evidence of a period of not less than two, instead of three, years of such instruction will be sufficient. 2. Of registration as a dental student by the General Medical Council. 3. Of having attended at a recognised Dental Hospital and School (a) a course of lectures on Dental Metallurgy ; (b) a course of Practical Dental Metallurgy ; (c) a course of Lectures on Dental Mechanics ; and (
723 Candidates who have passed the First At the Practical Examination candidates may be each qualification. amd Second Examinations for the Triple Qualification will be on the treatment of Dental Caries and may be required to prepare and fill cavities or to do any eexempt from the First Dental Examination and will have other operation in Dental Surgery (candidates must pro- tthe advantage of being admissible either to the Final Dental vide their own instruments) ; (b) on the Treatment of IExamination or to the subsequent Examination for the Triple There is (Qualification, or to both. But the First Dental Examination the various irregularities of Children’s Teeth. also an Oral Examination. Candidates may take the two Bwill not be held as equivalent to the First and Second Triple 3 and will admit tf the Final Dental Examinaparts of the examination together or separately. Candidates Examinations t must pass Part I. before proceeding to Part II. If they fail tion only. Candidates who are Licentiates of this College or , in Part I. they are not allowed to proceed with Part II.who may te registered medical practitioners will be required t produce certificates of attendance on the special subjects Exemption from the Preliminary Science Examination is to ( and will be examined in thef-e only ior the dental granted to candidates who have passed an Examination in only Chemistry and Physics for a degree in Medicine at a Univer- (diploma. First Professional Examination : The candidate sity in the United Kingdom, in India, or in a British imust have attended the courses on Anatomy. Chemistry, and colony. Exemption from Examination in Anatomy and Physiology. The examination embraces Anatomy, Chemistry, Physiology is granted to candidates who have passed the and Physiology. The fee for those candidates who began Second Examination of the Examining Board in England or study betore Oct. 1st. 1896, is £4 4s. Second Examination : the corresponding Examination of the Royal College ofThe candidate must have attended the remaining courses of Surgeons of Edinburgh, of the Royal College of Surgeons in the curriculum, must produce certificates showing that he is Ireland, or the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of 21 years of age, and mu’t pay a fee of <8B 6s. The eXAminaGlasgow, or of any University in the United Kingdom. tion embraces Surgery, Medicine, Therapeutics, at d the Exemption from Examination in General Surgery and special subjects of Dental Anatomy and Physiology, Dental Pathology is granted to candidates who have pas-ed the Surgery and Pathology, and Dental Mechanics with Dental Examination in Surgery of the Examining Board in Metallurgy. Unsuccessful candidates will be repaid R22s. England or the corresponding Examinations of the Col- in the First and £33s. in the Second Examinations. leges and Universities above mentioned. The fee for Candidates who claim exemption from the First Dental the diploma is 20 guineas and is payable as follows :- Examination on the ground of having passed the First and Preliminary Science Examination, 3 guineas; First Pro- Second Triple Qualification Examinations will, before being fessional Examination, 2 guineas; Second Professional admitted to the Second Dental Examination, be required to Examination, 5 guineas; the balance to be paid on pay the total fee of E10 10s. payable for the dental diploma, the completion of the Examinations. The Preliminary of which £33s. will be returned in case of rejection. The Science Examination is held in January, March, or fee payable by candidates who began study after Oct. 1st, April, July, and October in each year. The First and 1896, shall be Z15 15s., £55s. of which are payable on Second Professional Examinations are held in May and entering for the First Examination and £10 10s. on entering Candidates must give 21 clear for the Second Examination. November in each year. days’ notice of their intention to present themselves for Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgooc.-The firHTnmp)tiOTl. regulations as to certificates, curriculum, number, and

Surgery.

examined (a)

Royal College Dental

of 81lTgfons. L’dinbzcrh.-For the Licence Surgery all candidates must pass a Preliminary Examination in General Knowledge and have their names inscribed in the Register of Dental Students of the A copy of regulations giving General Medical Council. a list of Preliminary Examinations recognised for obtaining this Licence, as well as of the subjects of the Pro-

in

subjects of examinations, fees, &c.. are in to those of the Royal College of Surgeons Special provision

qualify both

is made

ior

effect similar of Edinburgh.

candidates who

intend to

in Medicine and in Dentistry. Candidates can enter for the First Examination in two divisions, the first embracing Physics and Chemistry, and the Second Anatomy and Physiology. There is a practical Examination in fessional Examinations, may be obtained from Mr. James Mechanical Dentistry and also an examination in Practical Robertson, Clerk to the Royal College of Surgeons, at Dentistry conducted in a dental hospital. 54, George-square, Edinburgh. Students who commenced Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.-All information contheir professional education by apprenticeship or attendance the licence in Dental Sugery may be obtained from cerning on lectures before July 22nd, 1878, are exempt from the Prethe Registrar of the College, who will receive the applications liminary Examinations. Candidates must produce certificates of candidates for permission to be examined. The bank of having, subsequently to the date of registration, been for fees, together with all certificates, &c., are to be engaged for four years in professional studies and of three receipt with him at least seven days prior tothe day fixed for lodged years’ instruction in Mechanical Dentistry from a regis- the commencement of the examination. The Primary Dental tered dental practitioner. except in the case of previously Examinations commence on the second Monday in the registered medical practitioners, when two years will be months of February, May, and November. The Final Dental considered sufficient. Candidates who have commenced Examinations commence on the Thursdays immediately their studies before Oct. 31st, 1898, must have attended the the Primary Dental Examinations. Candidates are following curriculum : Anatomy, one course of six months ; following to pass three examinations-viz., Preliminary (in Practical Anatomy, twelve months ; Chemistry, one course required General Education), Primary Dental, and Final Dental. Preof six months ; Practical Chemistry, one course of three liminary Examination.-All examinations in general educaof six Materia one course months ; Physiology, months; tion recognised by the General Medical Council are accepted Medica, one course of three months ; Surgery, one course by the College. Preliminary Examinations are held conjointly of six months ; Medicine, one course of six months; the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons on the by and attendance on the practice of a recognised general third Wednesdays in March and September. Primary Dental hospital, with Clinical Instruction on Surgery and Examination.-Fee .E.10 10s. ;for re-examination, if rejected, twelve must months. These courses have been Medicine, is required, before admission .65 candidate 5s. Every attended at a University or in an established school of to the Primary Dental Examination, to produce evidencemedicine or in a provincial school specially recognised by the of having passed a recognised preliminary examination College as qualifying for the diploma in Surgery. In addi- (1) and of having been registered as a medical or dental student tion to these courses candidates will be required to have attended in a recognised dental hospital, or with teachers by the General Medical Council ; (2) of having, subsequently to registration as a dental or medical student, attended at a recognised by the College, the following special courses of recognised medical school the following courses : Lectures lectures and instruction : Dental Anatomy and Physiology on Practical Anatomy,- including Dental Anatomy, six (Human and Comparative) (not less than 24 lectures), Demonstrations and Dissections, two courses of six Dental Surgery and Pathology (not less than 20 lectures), months ; months each ; Lectures on Chemistry, six months ; Lectures Dental Mechanics (not less than 12 lectures)-one course on Physiology, including Dental Physiology, six months; each ; two years’ attendance at a dental hospital or Practical and Practical Chemistry. including dental a the general hospital recognised Metallurgy,Histology; department of three months ; (3) of having attended Clinical by the College. Certificates of attendance on such of Instruction at a recognised general hospital for one these courses of the new curriculum as may be respectivelv required will entitle candidates to appear either 1 Candidates educated in England or Scotland are admitted to the for the First Dental Examination or for the First and Dental Examination on the of the certificates that Primary Second Examinations for the Triple Qualification, as they would be necessary for both Primaryproduction and Final Examinations in their may select, and subject to the existing regulations for own countries.

724 The subjects of this examination are : (1) Physics;2 Richard Douglas Powell, Bart. Consulting Dental Surgeons: (2) Chemistry, including Metallurgy ; (3) Anatomy ; Mr. T. Arnold Rogers, Mr. Morton Smale, and Mr. C. S. (4) Physiology and Histology; and (5) Surgery. Final Tomes, F.R.S. Dental Surgeons : Mr. J. F. Colyer, Mr. Examination.-Candidates holding L.R.C.S.I. or students C. F. Rilot, Mr. H. Lloyd Williams, Mr. W. H. Dolamore, who have passed Primary Dental or Third Professional Mr. G. Hern, and Mr. J. G. Turner. Assistant Dental Examination of the College, 210 10s.; re-examination, Surgeons : Mr. N. G. Bennett, Mr. D. P. Gabell, Mr. W. J. Fees for Final Examination of all other candi- May, Mr. A. Hopewell Smith, Mr. W. S. Nowell, and Dr. Z55s. dates, £26 5s. ;re-examination, £10 10s. Extra fee for H. Austen. Anaesthetists : Dr. Dudley Buxton, Mr. George Special Examination, E55s. Candidates must produce Rowell, Dr. R. J. Probyn-Williams, and Mr. H. Hilliard. evidence of having passed the Primary Dental Examina- Demonstrators : Mr. E. F. Ackery, Mr. H. C. Jones, Mr. F. tion of this College, or the Third Professional Examination Coleman, Mr. A. L. Whitehouse, Mr. H. W. Perkins, and Dental Anatomy and Physiology under the Conjoint Board with the Royal College of Phy- Mr. R. Glendining. sicians in Ireland, or with the Apothecaries’ Hall, or an (Human and Comparative): Mr. A. Hopewell Smith. equivalent examination recognised by the College, and are Dental Surgery and Pathology : Mr. W. B. Paterson. required to produce certificates of having attended: (1) the Mechanical Dentistry: Mr. E. Lloyd Williams. Metallurgy following courses of lectures recognised by the College : in its application to Dental Purposes : Dr. Forster Morley. Dental Surgery and Pathology (two courses), Dental Dental Bacteriology : Mr. Howard Mummery. Dental Materia Mechanics (two courses) ; (2) for two years the practice of Medica : Dr. H. A. Austen. During the sessions the surgeons a dental hospital recognised by the College or of the dental of the day will give demonstrations at stated hours. The department of a general hospital so recognised; (3) of house surgeons attend daily while the hospital is open. Fee having been engaged during four years in professional for two years’ hospital practice required by the curriculum, studies ; and (4) of having received three years’ instruction including lectures, .E53 3s. in one payment, or R55 13s. in in Mechanical Dentistry from a registered dentist. Candi- two yearly instalments. The curriculum requires two years dates holding a diploma in Surgery shall be admissible to the to be passed at a General Hospital ; the fee for this is Final Dental Examination on producing certificates of having about ,S60. Both hospitals can be attended simultaneously. attended: (1) one course of Lectures on Dental Surgery The fee for the three years’ Mechanical Dentistry and two and Pathology ; (2) one course of Lectures on Dental years’ hospital practice required by the curriculum is f:175 if Mechanics ; (3) for one year the practice of a dental paid in one instalment or 75 guineas, 50 guineas, and hospital recognised by the College, or of the dental depart- 50 guineas if paid in three instalments. The fee for tuition ment of a general hospital so recognised, where such in Mechanical Dentistry is 50 guineas per annum. The attendance has been subsequent to the date of diploma Dean attends at the hospital every Wednesday morning (this remission (3) has been made on the understanding from 9 to 10.30, or he can be seen at other times by that the surgeon devotes his whole time to dental work) ; appointment. Letters to be addressed-The Dean, 32, and (4) of having been engaged during a period of not less Leicester-square, "to be forwarded." than two years in acquiring a practical familiarity with the National Dental Hospital and College.-Corner of details of Mechanical Dentistry under the instruction of Great Portland and Devonshire-streets, W.-Consulting a registered dentist. The following are the subjects’ of Physician : Sir W. H. Broadbent. Visiting Physician: examination. Dental Surgery, Theoretical (including Dental Dr. James Maughan. Visiting Surgeon: Mr. E. W. Pathology), Clinical, and Operative ; Dental Mechanics, Roughton. Dental Surgeons: Mr. F. H. Weiss, Mr. E. Theoretical, Clinical, and Practical (including the Metal- Beverley, Mr. Rushton, Mr. H. J. Relph, Mr. S. F. Rose, lurgy of the Workshop). Examinations for the Licence in and Mr. A. E. Relph. Assistant Dental Surgeons : Mr. W. Dentistry sine citrrictilo:The Council has power to admit Weiss, Mr. K. W. Goad by, Mr H. R. Pring, and Dr. J. Sim to examination, sine curriculo, candidates whose names are Wallace. Anaesthetists : Mr. H. P. Noble, Mr. C. J. Ogle, on the Dental Register published under the direction of Mr. Vivian B. Orr, Dr. J. Maughan. Dr. J. Blumthe General Medical Council, and who are unable to furnish feld, and Mr. W. R. Collum. Lecturers (winter), Dental the certificates required by the foregoing regulations, on Anatomy and Physiology : Dr. J. W. Pare, Tuesdays and presentation of a special schedule of application. Thursdays, 5 P.M., in October, November, and December. Dental Metallurgy : Mr. Hugh Candy. Tuesdays. TEACHING INSTITUTIONS. Dental 5 P.M.. in January, February, and March. Mechanics : Mr. H. Rose. Wednesdays, 5.30 P.M., in January, ENGLAND. February, and March. Dental Materia Medica : Mr. Charles Royal Dental Hospital rf London and School of Dental W. Tuesdays, 6 P.M.. October, November. school the Surgery, Leicester-square.-The provides special and Glassington, Summer-Dental Surgery and PathoDecember. dental education required by the Royal College of Surgeons for the Licence in Dental Surgery. The general part of the logy. Mr. H. J. Relph. Tuesdays and Fridays, 4 P.M., curriculum may be taken at any general hospital. The in May, June. and Julv. Bacteriology of the mouth: W. Goad by, Wednesdays at 4 P.M. during May, hospital is open from 9 A.M. to 4 P.M., there being one Mr. K. and July. Practical courses to comply with staff for the morning and another for the afternoon June, the R.C.S. curriculum are also held. The hospital of each day. are received for the three Pupils years’ is and warmed and lighted by throughout electricity mechanical training recognised by the curriculum. The Clinical Lectures and demonstrators at the commencement of each session ventilated by approved methods. Demonstrations are given from time to time, and each student give a course of lectures on Operative Dental Surgery. on entering passes through a preliminary course under a The five house surgeoncies are held for six months The stopping rooms have accommodation each and are open to all qualified students. The lecturers, demonstrator. Dresserships in the extraction and stopin addition to their lectures, give special demonstrations for 50 chairs. the Microscopy of Dental Anatomy and Dental ping rooms are re-arranged every three months. Two on Entrance of the value of .E40 and .820, Surgery. The lecturer on Dental Mechanics also gives are open Exhibitions, for competition. Prizes in medals are open the mechanical in demonstrations laboratory. practical Two scholarships of the value of £20-the Saunders and for competition at the end of each course of lectures. The Storer Bennett Research Scholarship Certificates of honour are also open in each class. The the Entrance. for Scientific Research in any branch of Dental Surgery, Rymer Medal for General Proficiency, value £5, is The Robert Wood- awarded annually to the most meritorious student ; and value £50, is awarded triennially. Ash Prize, value .f.33.’.’., for a Thesis on a subject house Prize of E10 is for Practical Dental Surgery. Prizes the Total fee for the Special Lectures and certificates are awarded by the lecturers for the in Dental Surgery. and Practice required, 40 guineas, or with Hospital best examinations in the subjects of their respective three years’ training in Dental Mechanics, f.160. Single courses, at the end of the summer and winter sessions. A prize of the value of 5 guineas is given by Messrs. Courses : Dental Anatomy and Physiology, Dental Surgery Ash and Sons for the best essay on some surgical subject and Pathology, Dental Mechanics, Dental Metallurgy, connected with Dental Surgery. Consulting Physician : Sir Bacteriology of the Mouth, Dental Materia Meclica, Demonstration of Dental Mechanics, ;E55s. each. Hos2 Candidates who have passed in Chemistry and Physics at a First pital Practice to registered practitioner; by special peryear.

Professional Examination under the Conjoint Board with the Royal College of Physicians in Ireland, or with the Apothecaries’ Hall, or equivalent examination recognised by the College, are exempted from examination in these subjects at the Primary Dental Examination.

an

mission of Committee, 12 months, .f.15 15s. The Committee also consider applications from medical men who may desire to attend the Anaesthetic Room for a course of instruction in Nitrous Oxide administration. Information

725 the Hospital Practice and the College may be passing of his examination for the Licence in Dental Surgery,, obtained form the Dean, Mr. Sidney Spokes, who attends 01’this period at least six months must be spent in the dental at the Hospital, Great Portland-street, on Tuesday mornings. de:partment of a general hospital approved by the University. Guy’s Hospital.-The work of the Dental Department 4. A. In addition to the Licence in Dental Surgery the begins daily at 9 A.M. both in the extraction rooms and in candidate must produce evidence that he has attended the The Extraction Rooms:Patients C(purses required by medical students of the University in the conservation room. t]2 following subjects and passed the Examinations held in are admitted between 8.45 and 9.30 A.M., and are seen by the dental surgeon for the day, the dental house surgeon, tl:ie same for Medical and Surgical Degrees : (a) Chemistry the assistant dental house surgeon, and the dressers. aiid Practical Chemistry, (b) Physics and Practical Physics, (e) Such cases as are suitable for conservative treatment are Comparative Anatomy, (d) Anatomy and Practical Anatomy, transferred to the conservation room, taking with them a ad (e) Physiology and Practical Physiology. B. That he has The a1;tended the following courses and passed the class examinadental chart to indicate the treatment required. Conservation Room : This room is open from 9 A.M. ti ons in each of these subjects : (f) One Course of Lectures 2 Medicine, (g) One Course of Lectures on Surgery, (h) till 5 P.M. There are 55 Morrison chairs, each fitted with a saliva ejector, for the use of the Dressers, who, S pecial Courses of Lectures on the Surgery and Medicine of under the supervision of the Staff, perform the tlie Mouth, and (i) Pathology and Bacteriology. C. That various operations of Dental Surgery. The members h e has attended Courses and passed the class examinaof the staff attend every morning and afternoon in ti ons in : (k) Dental Histology and Patho-Histology, (l) the week to give demonstrations and otherwise assist C omparative Dental Anatomy, and (m) Dental Surgery and students in their work in the Conservation Room and Prosthetic Dentistry. D. That he has received instruction Mechanical Laboratory. Dental students have the oppor- hi the Clinical Examination of living cases at the dental tunity of attending concurrently at this hospital the two d epartment of a general hospital for a period not less than courses of instruction required by the examining board siix months. 5. The Final Examination will deal with the for the L.D.S. Eng., viz., the special lectures and practice objects in Classes C. and D. 6. On the expiration of of the Dental Department and the general lectures and 1 2 months from the date of passing the Examination for practice of the Medical School. The fees for these two t’he Degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery, the candicourses may be paid separately or together, or they may be d ate will be eligible for that of Master of Dental Surgery. combined with the fees required to be paid for the course 7 For this degree candidates will be required to submit a for a medical diploma. Students who enter for a medical as t’heis containing original work and investigations in some well as a dental diploma are allowed to pursue their study s ubject connected with Dentistry, which thesis shall be subof Dentistry during any period of their medical course noitted to examiners to be nominated by the Dental most convenient to themselves without further charge. TwoAAdvisory Board. The degree will be awarded or withheld Entrance Scholarships in Dental Mechanics of the value of a,ccording to the report of these examiners. 8. The University £20 each are offered for competition annually, one in aalso grants a diploma in Dental Surgery (L.D.S.) to candidates September and one in April, and prizes of the aggregate vvbo have followed the prescribed regulations for the same. Dental students can value of R35 are awarded for general proficiency and skill University College, Bristol. in Practical Dentistry. Dental students are eligible for Einter for the full curriculum at Bristol. The Lectures are admission to the Residential College and enjoy the other clelivered at the College. Practical instruction is given at the jRoyal Infirmary by Mr. Ackland and at the General Hospital social privileges of students in the Medical School. Dental Surgeons : Mr. F. Newland - Pedley, 1)y Mr. Genge, both institutions being recognised by the Staff. Assistant I)ental Board of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Mr. W. A. Maggs, and Mr. Wynne Rouw. Dental Surgeons : Mr. H. L. Pillin, Mr. M. F. Hopson, I’full information may be obtained of the Dean of the Medical Mr. J. B. Parfitt, and Mr. J. L. Payne Demonstrators of Faculty, Professor E. Markham Skerritt, University College, Bristol. Practical Dentistry: Mr. E. B. Dowsett, Mr. P. S. Campkin, Mr. F. J. Pearce, Mr. J. E. Spiller, and Mr. H. C. Visick. University of Manchester. -Arrangements have been An2estbetists: Dr. H. F. Lancaster, Mr. C. J. Ogle, Mr. Inade for dental students to attend the hospital practice A. W. Ormond, Mr. P. Turner, Mr. H. T. Hicks, Dr. D. :tt the Manchester Royal Infirmary and the practice Lectures on special Forsyth, and Dr. A. G. Levy. Lecturers.-Dental Surgery :at the Victoria Dental Hospital. and Pathology: Mr. Wynne Rouw. Dental Anatomy andsubjects will be given as follows :-Winter session : Dental Physiology: Mr. Maggs. Operative Dental Surgery: Mr.Mechanics, Mr. Tanner, Thursday, 4 P.M. Dental Parfitt. Dental Mechanics : Mr. Payne. Practical DentalMetallurgy, Mr. J. P. Headridge, Monday, at 4 P.M. Mechanics: Mr. Pillin. Dental Materia Medica : Dr. J. H.Dental Bacteriology, Professor Lorrain Smith, Monday, TuesBryant. Dental Bacteriology : Dr. Eyre. Dental Microscopy :day. and Thursday, at 3 P.M. ; Wednesday and Friday, Dr. Spriggs and Dr. Forsyth. Metallurgy : Dr. J. Wade.at 2 P.M. Summer session : Dental Anatomy and PhysioCurators oflogy, Dr. Preston, Tuesday at 2 P.M., Friday at 2 P.M. Practical Dental Metallurgy : Mr. Hopson. Dean: Dental Surgery, Mr. Campion, Tuesday and Friday, 3 P.M. Dental Museum: Mr. Payne and Mr. Dowsett. Dr. Eason. Practical and Operative Dental Surgery, Mr. Whittaker, London Hospital.- Mr. Dolamore and Mr. Farmer give Wednesday: Lecture, 2.30 P.M.; Demonstration, 4 P.M. practical instruction during the winter and summer sessions Lectures in Dental Histology, Mr. D Headridge, Monday, on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 11 A.M. In selecting from at 3 P.M. Dental Materia Medica, Professor Wild and candidates for the office of Dental Assistant priority will Mr. Simms, Tuesday, at 4 P.M. Fee for each course, .f.4 4s.; be given to those who have attended the greatest number of for the Class in Practical Metallurgy, £22s. Dental lectures on Dental Pathology and Surgery, and have also been practice for two years at the Manchester Royal Infirmary, the most punctual in attendance in the dental department.’ ;S.10 10s. :at the Victoria Dental Hospital at Manchester, A class for special instruction in filling teeth will be formed £21, paid in advance, or .f.13 13s. for the first year and each term. £88s. for the second year. At the Victoria Dental Hospital University of Birmingham. -The teaching of Dentistry is patients attend at 8.30 A.M. daily, and at 6.30 P.M. on undertaken by the University acting in association with the Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Consulting’ Surgeon ; Mr. Birmingham Dental Hospital and the Birmingham Clinical J. Hardie. Consulting Dental Surgeons: Mr. H. Campion Board, so that the students may fully qualify themselves and Mr. T. Tanner. Dental Surgeons : Mr. G. G. Campion, for the Dental diploma of universities and licensing Mr H. T. Dreschfeld, Mr. J. W. Dunkerlev, Mr. W. Dykes, bodies. There is a special and well-equipped Dental Museum Mr. D. Headridge, Mr. W. A. Hooton, Mr. P. A. Linnell, Mr. and Laboratory. An Entrance Exhibition, value .637 10.’!., is F. W. Minshall. Mr. H. W. Norman, Mr. I. Renshaw, Mr. awarded annually at the commencement of the winter T. E. Sherratt, Mr C H. Smale, and Mr. G. 0. Whittaker. session. The following are the regulations for Degrees in Assistant Dental Surgeons : Mr. J. W. Gibbons, Mr. J. P. Dentistry:-1. The degrees conferred by the University Headridge, Mr. W. H. Jones, Mr. J. H. Matthews, Dr. are those of Bachelor and Master of Dental Surgery C. H. Preston, and Mr. J. Stephenson. Demonstrator: Mr. (B.D.S. and M.D.S.). 2. All candidates for these degrees T. Dykes. Tutor : Dr. C. H. Preston. House Dental Surgeon : must pass the same Matriculation Examination as that Mr. H. Williams. Curator of Museum : Mr. W. H. Jones. required from candidates for Medical Degrees. 3. The Administrators of Anaesthetics: Dr. A. Wilson, Mr. F. H. degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery is not conferred Westmacott, and Dr, W. B. Pritchard. Dean: Mr. William upon any candidate who has not obtained a Licence in Simms. Dental Surgery. The candidate is not eligible for the University of Liverpool (Liverpool Dental Hospital and degree until a period of 12 months has elapsed from the School of Dental Surgery). -The University grants a

respecting

.

-

-

726

diploma in Dental Surgery (L.D.S.) and degrees in Dental mechanician. The fee for clinics in gold filling is included in Surgery (B.D.S. and M.D.S.). The courses of systematic in- the Dental Hospital fee of B16 15s. The minimum cost of struction are given in the University buildings, five minutes’ classes for the whole course of dental instruction amounts to Those students who desire to take a Medical walk from the Dental Hospital. The two institutions are now oB90 7s. closely associated and the management of the curriculum is and Surgical Diploma in addition to the L.D.S. have in in the hands of a joint committee. At the Dental Hospital this school admirable facilities for so doing. The triple recent alterations have been made, and as it now stands this qualification of the Royal College of Physicians and Surschool offers advantages to students which are not excelled geons of Edinburgh and the Faculty of Physicians and anywhere. The ground floor of the building contains the Surgeons of Glasgow is recommended. The minimum cost following : Extraction room, with all needful appliances of the Professional Education Triple Qualification and anaesthetic room, specially reserved, with every convenience ; Licence in Dental Surgery amounts to E169 7s. The and large waiting-room for patients. The first floor has a mechanical department is large and airy and furnished large board-room and a very comfortable students’ room set with all modern tools and appliances. The Museum, which apart exclusively for the use of students. The whole top has been enriched by the gift of the valuable collection in floor of the building has been thrown into one fine, airy, and dental anatomy of the late Mr. Andrew Wilson is open to well-ventilated operating room. This room will accommo- students for study. Further particulars can be obtained date upwards of 30 operating chairs, which are of the from the Dean, Mr. W. Guy. "Morrison pattern," and each of which has a special electric Incorporatrd Dental Hospital aud School, Glasgow.-The light (canting pendant) suspended before it. In the base- winter session will begin in October and the lectures will ment a very convenient workroom has been fitted up contain- be delivered as follows. In Dental Mechanics on Monday ing the necessary requirements, and there are commodious and Wednesday at 7.30 P.M., by Mr. Hugh McKay, lavatories for students. A new Laboratory for practical and in Dental Metallurgy on Tuesday and Thursday at mechanical work has also been constructed so as to meet the 7.30 P.M., by Mr. John G. S. Angus. Fee for each of requirements of the curriculum. It is adequately furnished the above courses of lectures, oB33s. The lectures and with all the modern appliances of a dental workshop. A instruction at the Glasgow Dental Hospital and School skilled dental mechanic has been engaged and students are are recognised by all the licensing bodies in the United able to undertake at the hospital the whole of their training Kingdom. The fees for two years’ hospital practice are in Mechanical Dentistry. The times of the lectures at £15 15s. Intending students before commencing to attend the University are arranged to meet the convenience of the lectures or hospital practice must produce evidence of students, thus allowing the maximum time for attendance having passed the preliminary examination prescribed by upon Dental Hospital practice. The staff of the hospital the regulations of the General Medical Council for registraincludes seven honorary Dental Surgeons, a Demonstrator, tion of dental students. The hospital is opened daily from Fees for two years’ 5 to 7 P.M. (Saturdays excepted). Students may only enrol two House Surgeons, and a Curator. hospital practice, &21. Apprenticeship.-A limited number during themonths of April or October. Summer session of apprentices are admitted annually. Fees for three years, begins in April. £105. Further information may be had from the Warden, Glasgow Royal Infirmary (Dental Department).-Mr. Mr. W. H. Gilmour. The various medical and dental lectures Wm. Taylor attends at the Royal Infirmary at 3 P.M. on The Anatomical Mondays. Wednesdays, and Saturdays, and gives a course of are given at the University of Liverpool. Department has been removed to a new building, comprising instruction in Dental Surgery on these days in summer. The following course in the curriculum can be taken at a spacious dissecting room and a museum which contains an excellent collection of skulls illustrative of human and com- St. Mungo’s College: Anatomy, six months; Practical parative dental anatomy. Fees : The composition fees are Anatomy, nine months ; Physiology, six months ; Chemistry, as follows : Diploma course (L.D.S.) : Chemistry and six months ; Practical Chemistry with Metallurgy, three Physics, £11 lls. ;all other lectures, £50 in two instal- months ; Surgery, six months ; Medicine, six months; Materia ments. Degree course (B.D.S.) : ;&67 10s. for all lectures Medica, three months ; Clinical Surgery, six months ; Dental (including Chemistry. Physics, and Zoology) in three instal- Surgery, six months, and attendance for two years on the ments. Two years’ dental hospital, £21 ; general hospital dental department of the hospital. The attendance on the practice, £10 10s.; three years’ mechanical instruction Dental Clinic is free to students of the hospital. The winter session opens Thursday, Oct. 19th. (pupilage), £105. Dezon airad Exeter Dental Hospital, Castle-street, Exeter.Established 1880.-The hospital is open daily (Sundays COOKE’S SCHOOL OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND excepted) and patients are admitted between the hours of 9 and 11 A.M. Students attending the practice of the hos- OPERATIVE SURGERY, London.-The school is prepared pital must consider themselves strictly under the control of to admit to its supplementary work all who may wish to the medical officers and must not undertake any operationjoin the same, but in regard to its curriculum work it does without the consent of the dental surgeon for the day. Hon. not receive more than half-a-dozen students in the course of treasurer, Mr. J. M. Ackland; hon. secretary, Mr. Henry Yeo. the year ; these have special advantages both as regards Anatomy and Physiology. Charges are but slightly in excess of current charges and particulars are forwarded on applicaSCOTLAND. tion. By the decision of various examining bodies gentlemen The Incorporatrd Edinburgh Dental Hospital and School.- rejected at their Anatomical and Physiological ExaminaThe Edinburgh Dental Hospital and School is located in tions can get signed up for the supplementary work they a spacious and well-equipped building at 31, Chambers-are required to put in before re-examination. The operations street and offers special advantages to dental students. of surgery are performed on the dead body and the courses The General Courses required for the Dental Diploma are recognised for army promotion. The school possesses a may be taken in the Medical School of the - Royalgood collection of physiological and chemical apparatus Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons or in the Universityand candidates for the higher examinations receive special schools. The hospital attendance and clinical instruction instruction in the more difficult subjects. The University, Medical SCHOOL OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT are taken at the Royal Infirmary. Schools, and Royal Infirmary are within three minutes’ BRITAIN.-Chemistry and Physics : Professor Arthur W. walk of the Dental Hospital. The special courses are taken Crossley (Dean of the school). Botany : Professor Reynolds in the hospital. The Dental Hospital practice, extending Green. Pharmaceutics : Professor Greenish. The session over two years, affords a student ample opportunity forcommences on Monday, Oct. 2nd. Medical students, or The pupils intending to enter the medical profession. are admitted a full acquaintance with every branch of dentistry. hospital admits a limited number of indentured pupils. They to the lectures and laboratory work in any or all the courses. receive their instruction in Mechanical Dentistry concurrentlyCertificates of instruction in this school are received by with the general and special courses. A premium of 60 the Conjoint Board of the Royal Colleges. Application guineas is payable with each such pupil. The practice andfor admission to the school, or for further information, lectures of the hospital are recognised by, and qualify for, :may be made to the Registrar, 17, Bloomsbury-square, all the Licensing Boards. For the special classes, both London, W.C. THE LONDON COLLEGE OF CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY, AXD theoretical and practical, required by dental students the directors have secured the services of an efficient staffofBOTANY, 323, Clapham-road, London, S.W.-Principal, dental officers and lecturers. There will also be a course of Henry Wootton, B.Sc. Lond. This College, which is estademonstrations in Mechanical Dentistry. Students will blished for the purpose of providing thorough and pracreceive instruction in Practical Dental Me chanics under the tical instruction in all branches of science, especially for

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preparing for Pharmaceutical. Medical, and University Examinations, includes large and completely fitted chemical, pharmaceutical, and physical laboratories, students

MEDICAL TEACHERS.

MR. R. C. B. KERIN. B.A. London, first in First Class Honours in by a staff of B.A. and B.Sc. Honour Graduates, prep)ares candidates in class and by private tuition for Medical Preliminnaries, London Matriculation, Preliminary Scientific Inter. Science, hospital Scholarships, First Conjoint, First M.B. Lond., Oxon., and attached to the school. Special classes are Camb., &c. Biological, Chemical, and Physical Laboratories.-Carlyon for the Medical and daily in preparation college. 55 and 56, Chancery-lane, W.C. The UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION POSTAL INSTITUTION prepares candiPreliminary Examination of the College of Preceptors, fee lates either through the post or orally for all Medical Examinations, 4 guineas per term of three months, commencing Sept. 26th. especially the M.D. (London or Durham), the D.P.11. (Cambridge or WESTMINSTER COLLEGE OF CHEMISTRY AND London), and the F.R.C.S. (England or Edinburgh). There are five G. S. V. ttutors holding the M.D. or M.S. degree for the postal preparation, LTD., Trinity-square, Borough, t Wills. Special instruction given to medical and dental besides other tutors for laboratory work. The institution has a wellEequipped laboratory for Public Health work, including Bacteriology. students in chemistry, physics, and pharmacy. Fees cOral classes are held September to revise book work and practical Ladies are prepared for thework. The Managerduring time by arrangement. is Mr. E. S. Weymouth, M.A.. 27, SouthamptonExamination of the Apothecaries’ Hall at street, Strancl, London, IV.C. Special preparations, in class, privately, and by correspondence, for for Ladies, 112, St. the Qualification, Edinburgh. Also for Fellowship ExaminaSouthwark, S.E., which has been rec ntly established by the,tionsTriple of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. and M.D. Brussels. above College. For prospectus, fees, &c., to J. E. Resident pupils received.-Address. CLASS ItoonLS, 7, Chambers-street, apply

lecture-hall, museum, and class-rooms. Each student has a separate commodious bench, fitted with gas, water, and sink, with large locker for apparatus. There is a botanic

lassies, assisted

heldt

garden

Pharmaceutical

PHARMACY,I

S.E.-Principal,

Dispenser’s Apothecaries College

and the

George’s-road,

Walden, Secretary.

Edinburgh.

Mr. D. W. PATTERSON, Ni.B., B.S. Durh. (First Honours), Luke ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, London (with which is Armstrong and Charlton Scholar, Gibson Prizeman, Coaches in all the incorporated the ROYAL SCHOOL OF MINES).-Mechanics professional subjects of the M.D. Durh. exam.-Dr. Patterson, and Mathematics: Professor J. Perry, F.R.S., and Dr. A. R. Cardigan-terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Coaching bv experienced Honours Graduates (Medicine, Surgery, Willis. Biology: Vacant (Zoology), and Professor J. B. tor M.D. (Lond. and Cambridge), M.D. Durham (15 years’ Farmer (Botany). Chemistry : Professor W. A. Tilden and Science) standing), M.D. Brux., Primary Fellocvsbip, D.P.H., the Services, 1st, and Final Conjoint. Tuition in class, privately or by post, in Dr. M. 0. Forster. Physics : Professor H. L. Callendar, 2nd, Chemistry, Dr. W. Watson, and Mr. A. Fowler. Geology: Vacant, Medicine, Surgery, Anatomy, Physiology. Materia Medica, &c. Laboratory. Special Correspondence Courses for M.D. and Dr. Culis. Metallurgy : Professor W. Gowland. Mining Biology, Lond.. M.D. Durh., F.R.C.S., D.P.H., &c.-E. GoocH, B.Sc., 115, (vacant). The College reopens on Wednesday, Oct. 4th, Gower-street,inW.C. Anatomy and Physiology with practical work and Coaching 1905. Communications should be addressed to the Registrar, instruction in Chemistry, Physics, Materia Medica, and Biology is Royal College of Science, South Kensington, S.W. given by B.Sc., 9, Heathcote-street, Gray’s Inn-road, London. ELECTRICAL STANDARDISING, TESTING, and TRAINING M.D. DURHAM : Particulars ot Coaching, Correspondence, and Classes this degree can be obtained from G. H. LOWE, F.R.C.S. Eng., M.B., INSTITUTION, Faraday House, 66-70, Southampton-row, for B.S. Durh., and EDWARD F. PRATT, M.B., B.S. Durh., at 43, HeatonErat Harrison. Instructor in Hugh W.C.-Principal, road, Newcastle-on-Tvne. Mathematics: Alexander Russell, M.A. Glasgow and CamClasses for the Navy Medical Service are held at 46, Great Ormondbridge. Instructor in Chemistry: Mr. J. Thomas, B.Sc.Lond. street, W.C. INSTRUCTORS IN ELOCUTION, &C. Instructor in Mechanical Engineering : Mr. Walter H. Bell. Mr. WILLIAM VAN PRAAGH. the public introducer of the Pure Oral This institution, in addition to its ordinary course of of teaching Deaf Mutes, has made the subject of Lip-reading training in electrical engineering, which occupies two System and the cure of all Defects of Speech, both acquired and congenital, his special study. Papers on the various subjects can be had at 11, or three years, also arranges for special instruction in all branches of electricity either by private tuition or by a Fitzroy-square. W. Mrs. EMiL BEHNKE gives instruction in Voice Training and treats course at the College or at the works specially Stamineringaiid other Defects of Speech at 18, Earl’s-court-sqtiare, S.W. of the companies with which it is associated. There are Entrance Scholarships of the value of 80 and 50 guineas, and Exhibitions of 40 guineas. Particulars may be obtained to the Secretary, Mr. Howard Foulds, on application Faraday House, Southampton-row, W.C. Session begins

arranged

Looking Back. FROM

Sept. 18th. ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS

(VOLUNTEERS) (LONDON COMPANIES), Calthorpe-street, Gray’s Inn-road, W.C.Officer Commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel Valentine Matthews. The Royal Army Medical Corps (Volunteers) bears the same relation to the Volunteer Army as the Royal Army Medical Corps bears to the regular Army. The course of training has the great advantage of affording, in addition to a knowledge of ordinary military duties, special ambu-

THE

LANCET, SATURDAY, Sept. 1st, 1827. ROYAL ACADEMY OF

Sitting of

MEDICINE.†

the 12th June.

-Diseases of Persons engaged in Snuff Manufactories. M. Pointe, physician of the Hotel Dieu at Lyons, in lance instruction useful in all ranks of life. All students a paper read by M. Patissier, observed that the fabricawho are thinking of entering either of the public services tion of snuff is not so injurious in France as in Spain The instruction received and England, because it is made after the tobacco has beenare strongly recommended to join. will be found of the greatest advantage to such on joining moistened. He then added, that having kept, for seven years, their depot later. In addition to the drills of an ordinary an exact register of the diseases with which the manufacinfantry corps, the special training includes stretcher and turers of snuffs at Lyons were attacked, he found that the wagon and cacolet drill : the use of improvised seats and diseases were inflammatory ; inflammation of the respiratory stretchers :the use and application of bandages, splints, organs, and particularly of the mucous membrane of the &0. ; the duties of the personnel of a field hospital ; bearer bronchi, chronic gastro-enteritis, dysentery, ophthalmia, rheucompany work; lectures by the officers on first aid to th( matism, carbuncles. On the contrary, the exhalations of the injured, and on the elements of anatomy, physiology. snuff appeared to him to preserve from scrofulous affections hygiene, and nursing, which are so arranged as not t( and intermittent fevers. The reporter here observed, that interfere with the lectures, &c., carried on at the various M. Pointe differed completely from what had been long since hospitals in London The corps goes into camp for a weel advanced by R:tmas:sini, and recently by M. Merat, on the in the summer each year for field training. There is als( narcotic effects of the exhalations of tobacco. According to a Shooting Club in the corps, in which instruction in, am them, not only the workmen, but even those persons near facilities for, the practice of rifle shooting are given. Ther ’ the manufactory, would be greatly injured by it. In order is a Transport Section in connexion with the corps, th to remove all doubt from this subject he had, in conjunction members of which go through a course of instruction i; with M. Burdin, jun., visited the manufactory of Grossillon, riding and driving and transport work with the regula where 12 or 1500workmen are employed. He had seen them troops. There are also sections of Cyclists and Signaller: of every age, of both sexes, enjoy the most perfect health ; A Gymnastic Class meets once a week at headquarters, unde ’’ it was true that the tobacco was moistened. He had quesan instructor who teaches boxing and fencing. Lecture s tioned the oldest workmen and the superintendents, and he are delivered duiing the winter session. The headquartels told that for the first few days they are seized with headwheis acbs, nausea, colic, and diarrhoea, but that these complaints contain a fine drill-hall, mess-rooms, canteen, &c., dinners, suppers, dances, and smoking concerts can be hel soon cease ; with the exception of those who are accustomed at any time. The Adjutant will give any informatio o to chronic diseases of the cheat, no workman is ever ill. respecting the above on application to the headquarter &dag er; Archives Générales, Juillet, 1827. Calthorpe-street, Gray’s Inn-road, W.C. ’

-

was