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Differential expression of blood-group-related carbohydrate antigens by trophoblast subpopulations
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Citations from the Literature
amniotic side) or osmotic pressure difference (amniotic side 265 mosm/kg/decidual side 285 mosm/kg). The PRL preparations used were human and ovine pituitary PRL. as well as three fractions isolated from human AF by fractionated ammonium sulphate and ethanol precipitations, followed by Sephacryl chromatography. All PRL preparations were tested in physiologic concentrations (0.5 to 5 pg/ml). Only the two largest AF-PRL variants significantly disturbed the balance of fluid transfer across the membranes when added to the fetal (amniotic) side of the membrane. This resulted in a net increase in fetomatemal transfer of 120 to 180 4. This effect could be repeated and lasted for at least 25 minutes. Using an antibody against hPRL the effect was completely blocked. Neither AFPRL added to the maternal decidual) side of the membrane nor oPRL or human pituitary PRL added to the amniotic or decidual side changed the rate of mass transfer across the membranes.
Differential expression of blood-group-related carbohydrate antigens by tmphoblast subpopuiatlons Ring A, Loke YW Division of Cellular and Genetic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United Kingdom Placenta; 9/5 (513-521)/1988/ A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed at fucosylated and sialylated carbohydrates on the Type 1 and Type 2 blood group precursor chains was used in an immunohistological study of trophoblast subpopulations. Formalin-fixed paraffinembedded sections of normal trophoblast throughout pregnancy, hydatidiforms moles and gestational choriocarcinoma were examined. Sialyl-Le(x) was localized in extravillous trophoblast populations in normal and molar pregnancies and choriocarcinoma tumour cells. After neuraminidase treatment, Le(x) was identified in similar cell populations. Although Le’ was identified in syncytial trophoblast cells at the maternofetal interface, no staining was seen for sialyl-Le”. Villous trophoblast did not stain with any of the monoclonal antibodies used. Our results underline the divergent differentiation of trophoblast into villous and invasive extravillous subpopulations. The analogy with tumor cells is discussed. The distribution of intermediate fllPment proteins, actin and desmoplakins in lmman placental tissue as revealed by polyclonai and monoclonal antibodies Beham A; Denk H; Desoye G Institute of Pathology, University of Graz School of Medicine, A-8036 Grow Austria Placenta; 9/5 (479-492)/1988/ The distribution of intermediate filament proteins (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin), actin and desmoplakins in various placental compartments was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy using polyclonal and monoclonal anti-
Int J Gynecol Obstet 28
cells (cytotrophoblast, syncybodies. Trophoblast tiotrophoblast, isolated trobolast cells. trophoblastic giant cells) were strongly stained by all types of cytokeratin antibodies. Antibodies to desmoplakins revealed the presence of desmosomes at all membranes, except the basal membrane of cytotrophoblast cells, and at the basal as well as the lumen-oriented membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. After disappearance of the cytotrophoblast cell layer the distribution of desmosomes in the syncytiotrophoblast was unaltered. Isolated trophoblast cells contained desmosomes around their entire circumference. Amnion epithelial cells were heterogeneous with respect to cytokeratin composition as revealed, for example, by polyclonal antibodies with a broad range of cytokeratin reactivity and by monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin in No. 18. With the latter, a heterogenous staining of amnion epithelial cells was achieved. Desmosomes (spots reactive with desmoplakin antibodies) were present at the lateral membranes of the amnion epithelial cells. In addition, vimentin filaments were coexpressed in these cells. Large vessels of the chorionic plate and stem villi showed thick walls consisting of vimentin-, desmin- and actin-positive cells. They were surrounded by mantles rich in vimentin-, desmin- and actin-positive cells, resembling myofibroblasts. This indicates that these cells may play a role in villous contractility and modulation of the intervillous space with effect on both maternal and fetal placental circulation. Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P on human intramyometrial arteries and stem villoos arteries in term pregnancy Hansen V; Maigaard S; Allen J; Forman A Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecoio~, University of Aarhus, DK-8HNIAarhus C; Denmark Placenta/g/5 (501-506)/1988/ The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P on isolated human intramyometrial arteries and fetal stem villous arteries obtained from term pregnant women were compared. Ring preparations of small intramyometrial arteries and fetal stem villous arteries obtained at caesarean section were mounted in organ baths, and isometric tension was recorded. None of the peptides affected resting tension. In intramyometrial arteries precontracted by vasopressin (2.8 x lo+ M both substance P (IO-” to lad M) and VIP (l&O to lo* M) caused relaxation. In fetal stem villous arteries precontracted by prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (10-J M) cumulative addition of substance P (10-l’to lad M) did not produce significant changes in tension as compared with controls, while addition of single doses produced moderate relaxation. VIP (KY to 10 -6 M) induced relaxation with similar effects for the addition of cumulative and single doses. The responses to VIP and substance P remained unaffected after pretreatment by atropine (10-s M), propranolol (10 d M), and indomethacin (IO+ M). The results support a role for VIP and substance P in the regulation of uteroplacental blood flow in term pregnancy.
Citations from the Literature
amniotic side) or osmotic pressure difference (amniotic side 265 mosm/kg/decidual side 285 mosm/kg). The PRL preparations used were human and ovine pituitary PRL. as well as three fractions isolated from human AF by fractionated ammonium sulphate and ethanol precipitations, followed by Sephacryl chromatography. All PRL preparations were tested in physiologic concentrations (0.5 to 5 pg/ml). Only the two largest AF-PRL variants significantly disturbed the balance of fluid transfer across the membranes when added to the fetal (amniotic) side of the membrane. This resulted in a net increase in fetomatemal transfer of 120 to 180 4. This effect could be repeated and lasted for at least 25 minutes. Using an antibody against hPRL the effect was completely blocked. Neither AFPRL added to the maternal decidual) side of the membrane nor oPRL or human pituitary PRL added to the amniotic or decidual side changed the rate of mass transfer across the membranes.
Differential expression of blood-group-related carbohydrate antigens by tmphoblast subpopuiatlons Ring A, Loke YW Division of Cellular and Genetic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United Kingdom Placenta; 9/5 (513-521)/1988/ A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed at fucosylated and sialylated carbohydrates on the Type 1 and Type 2 blood group precursor chains was used in an immunohistological study of trophoblast subpopulations. Formalin-fixed paraffinembedded sections of normal trophoblast throughout pregnancy, hydatidiforms moles and gestational choriocarcinoma were examined. Sialyl-Le(x) was localized in extravillous trophoblast populations in normal and molar pregnancies and choriocarcinoma tumour cells. After neuraminidase treatment, Le(x) was identified in similar cell populations. Although Le’ was identified in syncytial trophoblast cells at the maternofetal interface, no staining was seen for sialyl-Le”. Villous trophoblast did not stain with any of the monoclonal antibodies used. Our results underline the divergent differentiation of trophoblast into villous and invasive extravillous subpopulations. The analogy with tumor cells is discussed. The distribution of intermediate fllPment proteins, actin and desmoplakins in lmman placental tissue as revealed by polyclonai and monoclonal antibodies Beham A; Denk H; Desoye G Institute of Pathology, University of Graz School of Medicine, A-8036 Grow Austria Placenta; 9/5 (479-492)/1988/ The distribution of intermediate filament proteins (cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin), actin and desmoplakins in various placental compartments was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy using polyclonal and monoclonal anti-
Int J Gynecol Obstet 28
cells (cytotrophoblast, syncybodies. Trophoblast tiotrophoblast, isolated trobolast cells. trophoblastic giant cells) were strongly stained by all types of cytokeratin antibodies. Antibodies to desmoplakins revealed the presence of desmosomes at all membranes, except the basal membrane of cytotrophoblast cells, and at the basal as well as the lumen-oriented membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. After disappearance of the cytotrophoblast cell layer the distribution of desmosomes in the syncytiotrophoblast was unaltered. Isolated trophoblast cells contained desmosomes around their entire circumference. Amnion epithelial cells were heterogeneous with respect to cytokeratin composition as revealed, for example, by polyclonal antibodies with a broad range of cytokeratin reactivity and by monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin in No. 18. With the latter, a heterogenous staining of amnion epithelial cells was achieved. Desmosomes (spots reactive with desmoplakin antibodies) were present at the lateral membranes of the amnion epithelial cells. In addition, vimentin filaments were coexpressed in these cells. Large vessels of the chorionic plate and stem villi showed thick walls consisting of vimentin-, desmin- and actin-positive cells. They were surrounded by mantles rich in vimentin-, desmin- and actin-positive cells, resembling myofibroblasts. This indicates that these cells may play a role in villous contractility and modulation of the intervillous space with effect on both maternal and fetal placental circulation. Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P on human intramyometrial arteries and stem villoos arteries in term pregnancy Hansen V; Maigaard S; Allen J; Forman A Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecoio~, University of Aarhus, DK-8HNIAarhus C; Denmark Placenta/g/5 (501-506)/1988/ The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P on isolated human intramyometrial arteries and fetal stem villous arteries obtained from term pregnant women were compared. Ring preparations of small intramyometrial arteries and fetal stem villous arteries obtained at caesarean section were mounted in organ baths, and isometric tension was recorded. None of the peptides affected resting tension. In intramyometrial arteries precontracted by vasopressin (2.8 x lo+ M both substance P (IO-” to lad M) and VIP (l&O to lo* M) caused relaxation. In fetal stem villous arteries precontracted by prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (10-J M) cumulative addition of substance P (10-l’to lad M) did not produce significant changes in tension as compared with controls, while addition of single doses produced moderate relaxation. VIP (KY to 10 -6 M) induced relaxation with similar effects for the addition of cumulative and single doses. The responses to VIP and substance P remained unaffected after pretreatment by atropine (10-s M), propranolol (10 d M), and indomethacin (IO+ M). The results support a role for VIP and substance P in the regulation of uteroplacental blood flow in term pregnancy.