- Email: [email protected]
On-site hardness tester
s o u r c e , t h e i r s p e c t r u m b e i n g in the w a v e l e n g t h b a n d 3200-4000 ( x l 0 - 1 ° ) m with p e a k output at 3650 x 10- l ° m e n s u r e d by ' W o o d s ' g l a s s t y p e f i l t e r s and p o l i s h e d a l u m i n i u m r e f l e c t o r s . Such i l l u m i n a t i o n i s ' s a f e ' , s i n c e the s p e c t r u m c o n t a i n s no r a d i a t i o n in d a n g e r o u s s h o r t w a v e b a n d (below 3100 x 10-lOm). The life of e a c h tube i s 5000h. P. W. A l l e n & C o m p a n y , 253 L i v e r p o o l Road, London N1, UK
ARE YOU RADIO-ACTIVE ? The a n s w e r to t h i s i s p r o b a b l y ' y e s ' , s i n c e t h e r e i s a c e r t a i n a m o u n t of n a t u r a l r a d i o - a c t i v i t y in the human body. H o w e v e r , the w h o l e - b o d y counting s y s t e m p r o d u c e d by N u c l e a r E n t e r p r i s e s for i n s t a l l a tion in the R a d i o l o g i c a l P r o t e c t i o n C e n t r e of E a s t B e r l i n , i s i n t e n d e d to m o n i t o r body r a d i a t i o n in m o r e p a r t i c u l a r e a s e s s u c h a s t h o s e a r i s i n g when a p a t i e n t has taken an i s o t o p e to a i d c l i n i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , o r for p e r s o n n e l a c c i d e n t a l l y c o n t a m i n a t e d with r a d i a tion. D e t e c t i o n i s of g a m m a r a d i a t i o n , and of B r e m s s t r a h l u n g due to the d e c e l e r a t i o n of b e t a p a r t i c l e s in the body. Of the l a r g e n u m b e r of w h o l e - b o d y counting s y s t e m s p r o d u c e d by N u c l e a r E n t e r p r i s e s , the E a s t B e r l i n c o m m i s s i o n i s the l a r g e s t - - p r o b a b l y the l a r g e s t in the w o r l d . It w e i g h s about 80 t o n n e s and i s b e i n g t r a n s p o r t e d by s e a and l a n d in five l o a d s , f o u r of which a r e m a d e up of the m a s s i v e s t e e l p l a t e s f o r the m o n i t o r ' s s h i e l d e d r o o m . T h e s e w e r e m a d e f r o m
A.M.
s t e e l t a k e n f r o m the a r m o m ' e d d e c k s of two p r e - a t o m i c age s h i p s , and so a r e u n c o n t a m i n a t e d by f i s s i o n p r o d u c t s now p r e s e n t in the a t m o s p h e r e . M o r t o n M a c h i n e C o m p a n y of W i s h a w w a s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the f a b r i c a tion of the s h i e l d e d r o o m , which can be d i v i d e d into two s e p a r a t e c h a m b e r s . The fifth l o a d c o n s i s t s of the a d v a n c e d d e t e c t i o n and e l e c t r o n i c s c a n n i n g s y s t e m s . The d e t e c t o r h e a d s c o n s i s t of two s o d i u m i o d i d e c r y s t a l s (250 x 100mm), e a c h v i e w e d by s e v e n 75mm p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r s . The s y s t e m is r o o f and f l o o r mounted, with a b u i l t - i n s c a n n i n g m e c h a n i s m and t r a v e r s e r a i l a s s e m b l y , which a l l o w s the u p p e r guide r a i l a s s e m b l y to b e p o s i t i o n e d at any p o i n t on the r o o f of the c h a m b e r for the counting o p e r a t i o n . Nuclear Enterprises Scotland, UK
Ltd, Sighthill, E d i n b u r g h 11,
O N - S I T E HARDNESS T E S T E R A p o r t a b l e h a r d n e s s t e s t e r thought to o p e r a t e on an entirely different principle from existing instruments, and a c h i e v i n g a p e r f o r m a n c e c o m p a r a b l e with l a b o r a t o r y s t a n d a r d s i n s t r u m e n t s , h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d at the W o l v e r h a m p t o n T e c h n o l o g i c a l C e n t r e of Guest, K e e n and N e t t l e f o l d , and i s b e i n g m a n u f a c t u r e d by A p p l i e d R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s L t d for i n t e r n a t i o n a l distribution. M e a s u r e m e n t s a r e m a d e by r e l a t i n g h a r d n e s s to the d e c e l e r a t i o n f o r c e a p p l i e d to a p i e z o - e l e c t r i c c r y s t a l when the p r o b e s t r i k e s the s u r f a c e of the s a m p l e m a t e r i a l . No i n d e n t a t i o n i s m a d e in the m a t e r i a l - though a p p l i c a t i o n s to m a t e r i a l s such a s p l a s t i c s and wood r e q u i r e f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s . V a r i o u s s h a p e s of a n v i l a r e a v a i l a b l e , to s u i t the g e o m e t r y of a p a r t i c u l a r c o m p o n e n t , and t h e s e show n e g l i g i b l e w e a r a f t e r 100,000 m e a s u r e m e n t s . The t e s t e r i s b a t t e r y o p e r a t e d , r e - c h a r g e a b l e f r o m 240V m a i n s s u p p l y w h i l e the t e s t e r i s b e i n g u s e d . D e g r e e of h a r d n e s s i s r e a d on a m e t e r , f r o m a v o l t age input, in e q u i v a l e n t V i c k e r s u n i t s within the r a n g e 100-700 ( m i l d s t e e l - c a s e h a r d e n e d s t e e l ) . A r e a d i n g
A low cost portable and versatile crack detector for use on Ferro Magnetic materials. Supplied complete with case, batteries, three probes, audio headphones, test sample and instruction book. * Admiralty materials laboratory manufactured under NRDC Licence.
INERTIA S W I T C H
I
...................
LTD
I Fig 6
The new-style portable hardness tester n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e t e s t i n g A u g u s t 1970
279
NEW: Tube wall-thickness measuring system Type WDME ro~~ o . ~ . u o . , high speed production gauging and process control
A complete ultrasonic and mechanical installation with a performance guarantee • Digital display of thickness from 3mm-100mm • Accuracy to 0.1mm • Automatic monitoring for "minimum" and "maximum thickness tolerance" • Paint marking system: deviations from tolerance marked true to location • Sorting signals available Details from
WELLSKRAUTKRAMERLtd BLACKHORSE
REMEMBER:
AND:
280
LETCHWORTH HERTFORDSHIRE Telephone: Letchworth 264415
We are the only company who offer a range of proved ultrasonic test installations for tubes, bar (round and hexagonal), wire, billets, plate, strip, railway lines, ball bearing, spiral welds We supply a 24 hour service at your factory on all installations
non-destructive testing August 1970
can be h e l d for l o n g e r than 15 s e c o n d s if r e q u i r e d . A c c u r a c y is within +3°L f o r a l l n o r m a l f l u c t u a t i o n s in b a t t e r y v o l t a g e , and r e a d i n g s a r e a f f e c t e d by l e s s than 1°/, by a c h a n g e in a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e of 40K. A p p l i e d R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s , W i n g a t e R o a d , Luton, B e d f o r d s h i r e , UK
COATING THICKNESS GAUGE
A new gauge d e s i g n e d by E l c o m e t e r f o r t h i c k n e s s m e a s u r e m e n t s of a p p l i e d n o n - m a g n e t i c c o a t i n g s on f e r r o u s s u b s t r a t e s i s now a v a i l a b l e , o p e r a t i n g on the m a g n e t i c ' p u l l - o f f ' p r i n c i p l e . The a t t r a c t i v e f o r c e b e t w e e n a m a g n e t and the s u b s t r a t e i s i n v e r s e l y p r o p o r t i o n a l to the s q u a r e of the c o a t i n g t h i c k n e s s , h e n c e the c o a t i n g t h i c k n e s s can be r e l a t e d to the f o r c e r e q u i r e d to p u l l the m a g n e t off the c o a t i n g surface. The ' P u l l - o f f ' Gauge Model 157 i n c l u d e s two c a l i b r a t e d s c a l e s f r o m which the t h i c k n e s s can b e r e a d d i r e c t l y when the m a g n e t c o n t a c t b r e a k s . F o r t h e s e s c a l e s , the r a n g e s a r e 0 - 6 0 0 m i c r o n s , and 0 - 2 5 thou. A t h i r d s c a l e m a r k e d l i n e a r l y in 50 d i v i s i o n s can b e u s e d in c o n j u n c t i o n with a g r a p h and r e f e r e n c e s t a n d a r d for m e a s u r e m e n t s of g r e a t e r a c c u r a c y than +15%, o r on n o n - s t a n d a r d c o a t i n g s . The t h r e e s c a l e s a r e on the f a c e s of the t r i a n g u l a r - s e c t i o n body m a d e f r o m d u r a b l e d r a w n a n o d i s e d a l u m i n i u m . An a d v a n t a g e in use i s the w e i g h t (35g, 1.25oz), which i s h e a v i e r than u s u a l f o r t h i s t y p e of g a u g e . The i n s t r u m e n t ' s o v e r a l l length is 1 4 6 m m (5.75in). E l c o m e t e r I n s t r u m e n t s Ltd, F a i r f i e l d Rd, D r o y l s d e n , M a n c h e s t e r M35 6AU, UK
Fig 7
'Pull-off't h i c k n e s s gauge for a p p l i e d c o a t i n g s
S A F E T Y AID Initially developed by 3M Company and the Royal Aircraft Establishment as a safety aid within aircraft during maintenance, a pvc adhesive debris mat is now commercially available for catching loose particles such as swarf, nuts and bolts etc which disengage during an operation. Such loose parts are likely to cause malfunctioning problems if not removed. The 3M debris mat is coated with a strong, pressuresensitive adhesive and comes in the standard length of 36 yards, being ift wide (33 x 0.3m). Its adhesive surface is protected by a paper liner which is removed for use, before positioning the mat below the working area with the adhesive size uppermost. 3M Company, IET, UK
3M
House, Wigmore
St, London
WlA
A.M
Fig 8
A low cost portable and versatile crack detector for use on Ferro Magnetic materials. Supplied complete with case, batteries, three probes, audio headphones, test sample and instruction book.
WORLD'S
* Admiralty materials laboratory manufactured under NRDC Licence. INERTIA
I
Iml
I
f l l I l l m n I,ma s . .". . .". . .'. .'.'. .". . .". . .
I
i Address
SWITCH
LTD
123 London Road, Camberley. Surrey. Telephone: Camberlev 4251
...........................
!I I
T h e d e b r i s m a t on l o c a t i o n
FIRST
INFRA-RED
MICROMETER
The NPL Teramet is an infra-red, non-contact measuring device developed and produced entirely in the UK. Teramet is essentially a Michelson interferometer used in conjunction with submillimetre radiation, so that it is more rugged than the optical instrument while retaining the accuracy of interferometric methods.
The basic function of the standard version is the location of a surface about 230ram distant to an accuracy of +2.5pro, and applications possible at
non-destructive testing August 1970
281
ARE YOU RADIO-ACTIVE ? The a n s w e r to t h i s i s p r o b a b l y ' y e s ' , s i n c e t h e r e i s a c e r t a i n a m o u n t of n a t u r a l r a d i o - a c t i v i t y in the human body. H o w e v e r , the w h o l e - b o d y counting s y s t e m p r o d u c e d by N u c l e a r E n t e r p r i s e s for i n s t a l l a tion in the R a d i o l o g i c a l P r o t e c t i o n C e n t r e of E a s t B e r l i n , i s i n t e n d e d to m o n i t o r body r a d i a t i o n in m o r e p a r t i c u l a r e a s e s s u c h a s t h o s e a r i s i n g when a p a t i e n t has taken an i s o t o p e to a i d c l i n i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , o r for p e r s o n n e l a c c i d e n t a l l y c o n t a m i n a t e d with r a d i a tion. D e t e c t i o n i s of g a m m a r a d i a t i o n , and of B r e m s s t r a h l u n g due to the d e c e l e r a t i o n of b e t a p a r t i c l e s in the body. Of the l a r g e n u m b e r of w h o l e - b o d y counting s y s t e m s p r o d u c e d by N u c l e a r E n t e r p r i s e s , the E a s t B e r l i n c o m m i s s i o n i s the l a r g e s t - - p r o b a b l y the l a r g e s t in the w o r l d . It w e i g h s about 80 t o n n e s and i s b e i n g t r a n s p o r t e d by s e a and l a n d in five l o a d s , f o u r of which a r e m a d e up of the m a s s i v e s t e e l p l a t e s f o r the m o n i t o r ' s s h i e l d e d r o o m . T h e s e w e r e m a d e f r o m
A.M.
s t e e l t a k e n f r o m the a r m o m ' e d d e c k s of two p r e - a t o m i c age s h i p s , and so a r e u n c o n t a m i n a t e d by f i s s i o n p r o d u c t s now p r e s e n t in the a t m o s p h e r e . M o r t o n M a c h i n e C o m p a n y of W i s h a w w a s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the f a b r i c a tion of the s h i e l d e d r o o m , which can be d i v i d e d into two s e p a r a t e c h a m b e r s . The fifth l o a d c o n s i s t s of the a d v a n c e d d e t e c t i o n and e l e c t r o n i c s c a n n i n g s y s t e m s . The d e t e c t o r h e a d s c o n s i s t of two s o d i u m i o d i d e c r y s t a l s (250 x 100mm), e a c h v i e w e d by s e v e n 75mm p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r s . The s y s t e m is r o o f and f l o o r mounted, with a b u i l t - i n s c a n n i n g m e c h a n i s m and t r a v e r s e r a i l a s s e m b l y , which a l l o w s the u p p e r guide r a i l a s s e m b l y to b e p o s i t i o n e d at any p o i n t on the r o o f of the c h a m b e r for the counting o p e r a t i o n . Nuclear Enterprises Scotland, UK
Ltd, Sighthill, E d i n b u r g h 11,
O N - S I T E HARDNESS T E S T E R A p o r t a b l e h a r d n e s s t e s t e r thought to o p e r a t e on an entirely different principle from existing instruments, and a c h i e v i n g a p e r f o r m a n c e c o m p a r a b l e with l a b o r a t o r y s t a n d a r d s i n s t r u m e n t s , h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d at the W o l v e r h a m p t o n T e c h n o l o g i c a l C e n t r e of Guest, K e e n and N e t t l e f o l d , and i s b e i n g m a n u f a c t u r e d by A p p l i e d R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s L t d for i n t e r n a t i o n a l distribution. M e a s u r e m e n t s a r e m a d e by r e l a t i n g h a r d n e s s to the d e c e l e r a t i o n f o r c e a p p l i e d to a p i e z o - e l e c t r i c c r y s t a l when the p r o b e s t r i k e s the s u r f a c e of the s a m p l e m a t e r i a l . No i n d e n t a t i o n i s m a d e in the m a t e r i a l - though a p p l i c a t i o n s to m a t e r i a l s such a s p l a s t i c s and wood r e q u i r e f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n s . V a r i o u s s h a p e s of a n v i l a r e a v a i l a b l e , to s u i t the g e o m e t r y of a p a r t i c u l a r c o m p o n e n t , and t h e s e show n e g l i g i b l e w e a r a f t e r 100,000 m e a s u r e m e n t s . The t e s t e r i s b a t t e r y o p e r a t e d , r e - c h a r g e a b l e f r o m 240V m a i n s s u p p l y w h i l e the t e s t e r i s b e i n g u s e d . D e g r e e of h a r d n e s s i s r e a d on a m e t e r , f r o m a v o l t age input, in e q u i v a l e n t V i c k e r s u n i t s within the r a n g e 100-700 ( m i l d s t e e l - c a s e h a r d e n e d s t e e l ) . A r e a d i n g
A low cost portable and versatile crack detector for use on Ferro Magnetic materials. Supplied complete with case, batteries, three probes, audio headphones, test sample and instruction book. * Admiralty materials laboratory manufactured under NRDC Licence.
INERTIA S W I T C H
I
...................
LTD
I Fig 6
The new-style portable hardness tester n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e t e s t i n g A u g u s t 1970
279
NEW: Tube wall-thickness measuring system Type WDME ro~~ o . ~ . u o . , high speed production gauging and process control
A complete ultrasonic and mechanical installation with a performance guarantee • Digital display of thickness from 3mm-100mm • Accuracy to 0.1mm • Automatic monitoring for "minimum" and "maximum thickness tolerance" • Paint marking system: deviations from tolerance marked true to location • Sorting signals available Details from
WELLSKRAUTKRAMERLtd BLACKHORSE
REMEMBER:
AND:
280
LETCHWORTH HERTFORDSHIRE Telephone: Letchworth 264415
We are the only company who offer a range of proved ultrasonic test installations for tubes, bar (round and hexagonal), wire, billets, plate, strip, railway lines, ball bearing, spiral welds We supply a 24 hour service at your factory on all installations
non-destructive testing August 1970
can be h e l d for l o n g e r than 15 s e c o n d s if r e q u i r e d . A c c u r a c y is within +3°L f o r a l l n o r m a l f l u c t u a t i o n s in b a t t e r y v o l t a g e , and r e a d i n g s a r e a f f e c t e d by l e s s than 1°/, by a c h a n g e in a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e of 40K. A p p l i e d R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s , W i n g a t e R o a d , Luton, B e d f o r d s h i r e , UK
COATING THICKNESS GAUGE
A new gauge d e s i g n e d by E l c o m e t e r f o r t h i c k n e s s m e a s u r e m e n t s of a p p l i e d n o n - m a g n e t i c c o a t i n g s on f e r r o u s s u b s t r a t e s i s now a v a i l a b l e , o p e r a t i n g on the m a g n e t i c ' p u l l - o f f ' p r i n c i p l e . The a t t r a c t i v e f o r c e b e t w e e n a m a g n e t and the s u b s t r a t e i s i n v e r s e l y p r o p o r t i o n a l to the s q u a r e of the c o a t i n g t h i c k n e s s , h e n c e the c o a t i n g t h i c k n e s s can be r e l a t e d to the f o r c e r e q u i r e d to p u l l the m a g n e t off the c o a t i n g surface. The ' P u l l - o f f ' Gauge Model 157 i n c l u d e s two c a l i b r a t e d s c a l e s f r o m which the t h i c k n e s s can b e r e a d d i r e c t l y when the m a g n e t c o n t a c t b r e a k s . F o r t h e s e s c a l e s , the r a n g e s a r e 0 - 6 0 0 m i c r o n s , and 0 - 2 5 thou. A t h i r d s c a l e m a r k e d l i n e a r l y in 50 d i v i s i o n s can b e u s e d in c o n j u n c t i o n with a g r a p h and r e f e r e n c e s t a n d a r d for m e a s u r e m e n t s of g r e a t e r a c c u r a c y than +15%, o r on n o n - s t a n d a r d c o a t i n g s . The t h r e e s c a l e s a r e on the f a c e s of the t r i a n g u l a r - s e c t i o n body m a d e f r o m d u r a b l e d r a w n a n o d i s e d a l u m i n i u m . An a d v a n t a g e in use i s the w e i g h t (35g, 1.25oz), which i s h e a v i e r than u s u a l f o r t h i s t y p e of g a u g e . The i n s t r u m e n t ' s o v e r a l l length is 1 4 6 m m (5.75in). E l c o m e t e r I n s t r u m e n t s Ltd, F a i r f i e l d Rd, D r o y l s d e n , M a n c h e s t e r M35 6AU, UK
Fig 7
'Pull-off't h i c k n e s s gauge for a p p l i e d c o a t i n g s
S A F E T Y AID Initially developed by 3M Company and the Royal Aircraft Establishment as a safety aid within aircraft during maintenance, a pvc adhesive debris mat is now commercially available for catching loose particles such as swarf, nuts and bolts etc which disengage during an operation. Such loose parts are likely to cause malfunctioning problems if not removed. The 3M debris mat is coated with a strong, pressuresensitive adhesive and comes in the standard length of 36 yards, being ift wide (33 x 0.3m). Its adhesive surface is protected by a paper liner which is removed for use, before positioning the mat below the working area with the adhesive size uppermost. 3M Company, IET, UK
3M
House, Wigmore
St, London
WlA
A.M
Fig 8
A low cost portable and versatile crack detector for use on Ferro Magnetic materials. Supplied complete with case, batteries, three probes, audio headphones, test sample and instruction book.
WORLD'S
* Admiralty materials laboratory manufactured under NRDC Licence. INERTIA
I
Iml
I
f l l I l l m n I,ma s . .". . .". . .'. .'.'. .". . .". . .
I
i Address
SWITCH
LTD
123 London Road, Camberley. Surrey. Telephone: Camberlev 4251
...........................
!I I
T h e d e b r i s m a t on l o c a t i o n
FIRST
INFRA-RED
MICROMETER
The NPL Teramet is an infra-red, non-contact measuring device developed and produced entirely in the UK. Teramet is essentially a Michelson interferometer used in conjunction with submillimetre radiation, so that it is more rugged than the optical instrument while retaining the accuracy of interferometric methods.
The basic function of the standard version is the location of a surface about 230ram distant to an accuracy of +2.5pro, and applications possible at
non-destructive testing August 1970
281