- Email: [email protected]
2002 Product Achievement Awards
productawa
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rds2002 .............
2 0 0 2 Product Achievement Awards
elcome to the final product and service nominations for the upcoming 2002 Filtration+Separation Product Achievement Awards. It is now up to you, the readers, to vote for those nominations that you believe will benefit and have benefited your industry and/or your own business. Vote now for your choice in each category and have the opportunity of winning a prize - three electronic personal organizers are up for grabs! Entry is simple and easy. All you need to do is choose the product or service of your choice in each category. Then go to our website, www.filtsep.com, where you will find an on-line voting form to fill-in and submit (click through on the flashing Awards 2002 logo and follow the instructions). In certain copies of the magazine a printed voting form is also enclosed. In order to qualify for the chance of winning an electronic organizer you must complete the whole form and nominate a 'Product of the Year' (write in block capitals). Then either submit it ON-LINE ,or fax (+44 1865 843971) the printed form back to us, no later than 30 September 2002. We look forward to receiving your completed voting forms.
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anti-microbial high to medium efficiency air bag filter, which exhibits a lower pressure drop than traditional sewn bag filters. Its plastic frame makes it 30% lighter in weight than bag filters with a metal frame. Furthermore, unless it is contaminated with volatile substances, the used filters can be completely incinerated. Therefore it offers both cost effective filtration, and is significantly easier to dispose of than its galvanised steel framed counterparts.
Solar Powered Ultrafiltration System, Rochem UF Systeme Many rural areas do not have access to public power and potable water supplies, and often the surrounding surface water is contaminated. To address this problem Rochem has developed a small ultrafiltration (UF) plant, which incorporates its FM (Flat Membrane) UF module, and is powered by solar energy. The plant, which works discontinuously, i.e. only during sunshine to avoid using expensive energy storage devices, produces small quantities of potable quality water that is free of turbidity, bacteria and viruses. The open channel construction of the FM module means the membranes are less susceptible to fouling, which in turn means the UF plant can operate longer filtration cycles between cleaning.
BEST SERVICE www.filtraguide.com, FiltraGuicle InsideActive Software Solutions GmbH Filtraguide.com is an international, on-line platform for anyone interested in filtration and separation. This English language site aims to unite supply and demand. It can be used as both a purchase guide and a source of relevant information. It possesses several field-specific search functions, such as company, product and application searches. The site incorporates two special features - 'Solution Finder' and 'Inquiry Agent', where interested parties can send their inquiry direct to a company.
BEST WEBSITE Please access the internet to view each site before making your final decision. w w w . b b a f i l t r a t i o n (BBA Filtration)
www.filtraguide.com (FiltraGuide InsideActive Software Solutions Gmb H ) w w w . l a r o x . c o m (Larox Corp) www.membraneonline.com (Membrane Online) www.westfalia-separator.com (Westfalia Separator AG)
Technical Assistance Service K n o w - h o w (TASK), Task America
FILTER M E D I A M e t e o r TM,Albarrie
Task America specializes in offering an in-situ testing and cleaning service for Jet-Pulse or Plenum Pulse baghouses. The service is performed with minimal shutdown time and can significantly delay the need to replace bags and cages. Using specialized equipment Task America performs air permeability testing. The unit examines the condition of the filter bags and cages in their operational environment, measures air permeability on the installed bag, which determines actual values in use, and delivers test results directly on-site. If high differential pressure or short bag life is experienced by the customer, Task America's unique High Efficiency Cleaning (HEC) device can clean the filter bags in-situ, requiring no or a very brief shutdown period.
By combining the robust physical properties of volcanic rock and the latest advances in composite textile fabric technology, Abarrie has developed a composite filter medium that is extremely resistant to the harsh environment of industrial air pollution control units. Called Meteor, this filter bag medium is said to produce a lower pressure drop than PTFE membrane coated filter media, which means lower baghouse operating costs and an increased air flow.
ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION e-SoniQ, McLeod Russel (UK) Ltd McLeod Russel's e-SoniQ is a plastic framed, ultrasonically sealed,
2 R July/August 2002
Reemay ® Elite, BBA Filtration BBA Filtrations' Reemay Elite is a premium grade polyester nonwoven for filtration and membrane support that possesses a high level of uniformity. According to the company, its uniformity
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productawa rds2002 means increased reliability in applications such as nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration, as well as in critical medical applications. The medium is composed of trilobal cross-sectional, continuous filaments, and satisfies the criteria of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food contact regulations. J C E M digital pleater, JCEM USA Described as the latest in pleating technology, JCEM's digital pleating machine can process a variety of filter media, including nonwovens, spunbonded polyester and wire mesh, ranging from one to ten layers thick. Pleat height and count are precisely configured by a real-time digital servo driven axis. The machine incorporates fibre-optic technology to allow the operator to view the pleating process on-screen and uses a Microsoft T M operating system for the storage of all pleating jobs. Its ability to precisely control the pleating process means less material is loss as wastage. D u r a p e x TM,Polymer Group Inc (PGI) Durapex is a nonwoven filter medium produced using PGI's Apex® technology, which combines advanced web forming and hydrotangling technologies with a highly developed finish. Traditional mechanical needling can cause imperfections in the needlefelt web, creating large pores that can result in filter by-pass. Durapex, in contrast, is engineered to have a tightly controlled pore size distribution, i.e. its pore size distribution is 20% less than in a needlefelt. Durapex has a high filtering efficiency, a low pressure drop and a longer filter life, which translates into cost savings for users. For baghouse applications, it meets the strict demands of the EPA PM 2.5 particle emission rule. M a g n u m TM, Sweco The Magnum screen has been designed for increased strength and reliability, reducing downtime and lowering maintenance cost. It evolved from Sweco's ATS T M (advanced technology screen) development programme, so it is engineered to balance screen life, capacity and blinding resistance so that the optimum performance for any application is obtained. In field test it demonstrated a screen life that was up to five times that of traditional screen designs. In addition, its advanced bonding techniques improve operating rates, while providing rip-stop protection.
Sedifilt, Syntecb Fibres (Pvt) Ltd Sedifilt is a continuous filament media for string wound cartridges for potable and industrial process water purification. The high bulk, random structure of this medium differs from standard media because it comprises continuous fibres rather than short fibres. Therefore, this 100% polypropylene material does not suffer from media migration. Normally antistatic agent and lubrications are applied to extruded filaments to prevent the build-up of static on the filaments, so that they can be retained in a cohesive bundle without repelling one another. In
Filtration+Separation
contrast, Sedifilt is manufactured using pure water as the antistatic agent, which eliminates the problems associated with chemical leaching. Tribo TM,TexelInc Tribo is an electrostatic air filtration media manufactured using needlepunch technology It utilizes the triboelectric effect to create a large number of postive and negative electric charges that are strong and stable within the structure of the felt. Its patented blend of polypropylene and aramid fibres offers greater flexibility because the proportions of both polymers can be adjusted to achieve the efficiency and pressure drop requirements of a specific application. In addition, Tribo is available with a variety of support backing material making it self-pleatable or sufficiently rigid whatever the application, e.g. automotive cabin air filtration and air intake, cleanroom HEPA, gas turbine air intake, etc.
LIQUID FILTERS Xtract-1®, 3V CogeimSpA The Xtract-1 is an automatic dry product discharge system for Nutsche filter dryers. In a single, low pressure pneumatic conveying operation the main portion of the cake is unloaded and the final heel is recovered and directly transferred to storage or the next process unit. Therefore, the system, which can be retrofitted on existing machines, can replace the conventional side discharge hatch in most cases. The major benefits of the system include complete heel removal, full product containment and compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) requirements. EC-Processor, BHS-Sontbofen Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH Based on the process technology of BHS-Sonthofen's FEST rotary pressure filter, the EC-Processor is a continuously operating, fully automatic, closed filter system for filtering hazardous products or where product contamination must not occur. Thanks to the unique sealing system of its drum and housing it possible to clean the EC-Processor in minutes. By deflating the inflatable drumhousing sealing system the housing can be completely retracted from the drum. This then allows easy access to all product wetter parts, plus flushing with high pressure cleaning liquids further improves the cleaning results. H y d r o F l u i d , Filterwerk Mann+Hummel Gmb H HydroFluid is an automatic filter system designed for fine filtration (10 gtm) of water, wastewater and industrial waters, all with a high solids content. It possesses a dynamic cleaning principle that makes back-flushing or mechanical cleaning unnecessary The feed water flows tangentially into a ring channel, which dampens the flow and achieves pre-separation. Dynamic scrapers rotate around the filter element, causing the feed water to rotate. The resulting centrifugal forces transport the dirt particles away from the element towards the housing, where they are deflected downwards. The hydrodynamic scrapers produce a partial vacuum, which creates unstable flow conditions at the surface of the filter element. The combined effect is the prevention of the formation of a filter cake, which overall improves filtration efficiency
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productawards2002 :,: .................... CX150, Filter Specialists Inc (FSI) FSI's CX150 convertible, stainless steel filter housing satisfies the sanitary filtration needs of the pharmaceutical, food processing and semiconductor industries. It offers greater flexibility to users because it can house either filter bags or cartridges. From a safety aspect it possesses a patented device that does not allow the vessel to be pressurized if it is not closed properly (operating pressure 150 psig). The CX150 is manufactured from 316L stainless steel (with multiple sanitary finishes available), and is engineered with a clean wall design, a smooth interior surface that allows easier manual cleaning or in-place flushing.
Ultrafit ® 800 Series, Filtration Systems
RES N0.5t7 - USE THE FAST NEW ENQUIRY SERVICE @ www.filtsep.com
The patented Ultrafit 800 Series liquid bag filters, when used with the Ultrafit housing achieves 99.98 % efficiency in the sub-micron range. The whole Ultra fit Series range from 0.2-200 microns, in both absolute and nominal ratings. Product applications include filtration of industrial and process fluids, pharmaceuticals, surface & groundwater, and pre-filtration of reverse osmosis membranes and expensive cartridges. The bag filters offers a high surface area because its media comprises multiple layers of graded density meltblown, FDA approved polypropylene. Their other features include a fully-welded ultrasonic construction, with a ZeroBypass TM collar and a integrated polymeric support.
Pneumapress ®, Pneumapress Filter Corp
TESTING LIQUID FILTERS TESTS OF ALL FILTERS Hydraulic, lubricant, fuel, water and other industrial liquids ANY TEST CONDITION Up to 500 L/rnin and 100 bar Down to 2 ,urn ANY TEST METHOD ISO, DIN, BS, NF, NFPA, JIS, ASTM ANY TEST Performance, hydraulic, mechanic. OTHER ACTIVITIES • R & D of new test methodsfor ISO, CEN and AFNOR • Test equipmentvalidationand measuring instrumentcalibration • Designand manufactureof high quality automatedliquidfilter test stands. M o r e t h a n 100 c u s t o m e r s w o r l d - w i d e E U R O P E A N FILTER TEST C E N T E R INSTITUTE OF FILTRATION AND TECHNIQUES OF SEPARATION En France : C. PEUCHOT BP 292. 47007 Ager~Cedex Fax (+33) 553 956 695. E-mail : iffs@ifts-sls,corn In UK : T. FROST PO Box 47. Newport. Shrops. TF10 9WB, Fax (+44) 1952 691219, E-mail : AquaFocus@aol,com In Germany : J M NULLANS, Postfach 700225, 60552 Frankfurt, Fax (+49/699 621 7620, E-mail: CAF-FFM@t-online de
RES No.518 - USE THE FAST NEW ENQUIRY SERVICE @ www.filtsep.com ~O
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The Pneumapress is a series of multi-modular automatic pressure filters that use patented, single chamber filter technology to produce simple but effective variable capacity liquid/solids separation. The single chambers are stacked vertically to increase capacity, without increasing floor space. The filter produces up to 10 cm thick, dry filter cakes and dean filtrate within 60 seconds, and can be configured for flow rates of between 4-40 000 litres/min, resulting in over 3200 m 3 of dry solids/day. Once the filter cake is formed, compressed air or gas is used to force the remaining liquid from the cake through the filter media and so dry the cake. At the end of the filter cycle the filter chambers are opened and the filter belts automatically discharge the dry cakes into a mixer or onto a conveyor. The filter belts are washed with a small volume of liquid as the cakes are discharged. D i s p o s a b l e rotary drum filter, Steadfast Equipment Steadfast's small disposable rotary drum filter is an economic alternative to using centrifuges and filtration equipment such as plate, frame or leaf filters for batch solid/liquid separations. The unit operates in the same way as a vacuum drum filter, exhibiting a slurry processing rate of 1-3 litres/min and a batch capacity of up to 1000 litres. In addition to its low cost, its disposable, precleaned design eliminates the pre and post cleaning associated with traditional cake filtration equipment.
Roto Flo-Jet, Unitrade Process Technologies Inc Based on the Unitrade's Uniflo-Jet strainer design, the Rotoflo-Jet is a range of self cleaning jet strainers specially designed to handle applications with low flow rates and medium to high viscosity liquids such as such as paints and printing inks. The strainers' selfwww.filtsep.com
productawa rds2002 cleaning action is obtained through a combination of internal flushing and a helical rotor that continually scrapes the internal surface of the filter element. All Rotoflo-Jet strainers are made from 316 stainless steel. They are built to operate in pressures up to 17.5 bar and temperatures of 112 °C and are ideal for use in chemical plants, refineries and pulp and paper plants.
LIQUID SEPARATORS ALSYS 400 Series, Alfa Laval The ALSYS 400 Series is the ideal dewatering package solution for reducing sludge volumes at industrial and municipal treatment plants. Based on Alfa Laval's ALDEC high performance decanter, each module is a self-contained system including feed pump, flow meter, polymer make-up unit, piping and valves, and a screw conveyor for the dewatered sludge. A central control panel ensures that all components work together trouble-free and with built-in safety. The module is suitable for industrial as well as municipal dewatering plants for capacities between 2-18 m3/h. It can also serve larger plants with a need for an extra unit for periodical peaks, or as a mobile unit to be shared by several smaller plants.
CentraSep TM,Midwest Engineered Products Inc Unlike conventional centrifuges, which possess two motors (one to operate the bowl and the other to perform the scraping for solids discharge), the CentraSep combines a unique bowl/blade clutch design driven by a single AC motor and drive. For the first time in centrifuge design, the bowl and blade assembly are positively synchronized. A unique positive locking clutch couples the bowl's main spindle and the blade together so that both rotate at precisely the same speed when processing fluids. It can effectively remove submicron particles and fines from a variety of process fluids, i.e. up to four times the quantity compared to conventional centrifuges. OSD 2, Westfalia Separator Mineraloil Systems GmbH The ODS 2 is said to be the smallest self-cleaning separator currently available that provides 24-hour operation for the conditioning of fuels or lubricating oil. As with all of Westfalia's D-Type machines, the OSD 2 has been manufactured with the emphasis on efficiency. It is smaller and lighter than the other models, and uses a flat belt drive instead of gears, making its operation significantly smoother and quieter, and also much easier to maintain. It has stainless steel separation disks, which enable it to process lubricating oil at temperatures up to 100 °C. The unit is able to operate for 8000 hours before routine maintenance is required, with major servicing only after 16 000 hours. AD0103, Westfalia Separator Umwelttecbnik Gmb H Described as a new generation clarifier-type of decanter, the AD0103 is a continuously operating, horizontal scroll-type centrifuge designed for the treatment of small industrial wastewater streams. It combines excellent dewatering results, a low space requirement, simple maintenance and ease of service. All parts that come into contact with the product are made from stainless
Filtration+Separation
CrNiMo steel. It exhibits a high degree of dynamic rigidity and a low noise level because of its twin envelope design, and its decanter bowl is driven by a low-noise, three-phase AC motor,
M E M B R A N E FILTERS SSE UF spiral elements, Danish Separation Systems (DSS) Spiral membranes are an economic alternative to using centrifuges in the manufacture of therapeutic compounds, but chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide generally have to be used to sanitise these membrane production plants. Although steam sterilisation is quicker and less expensive than chemical disinfection most spiral elements cannot withstand exposure to temperatures above 60 °C. The new SSE UF elements from DSS on the other hand, have been specifically designed to handle much higher temperatures. They are ideally suited for applications that require in-line sterilisation by superheated water (121 °C for 20 minutes). -
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VSEP, New Logic Research Inc Combining its membrane technology VSEP (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process) with special materials of construction has enabled New Logic Research to develop a membrane filtration system capable of withstanding temperatures up to 120 °C. The VSEP technology employs oscillating vibration to control the effects of diffusion polarization that limit permeation of conventional crossflow membrane systems. The VSEP has been shown to have 5-15 times the permeate flux per area of a conventional static crossflow membrane systems. The use of vibration to control membrane blinding has increased the possible applications for membrane separation technology.
ZeeWeed ® 1000, Zenon Environmental Inc ZeeWeedl000 membranes are able to convert existing filtration plants into high efficiency UF facilities. The membranes are housed in elements that can fit virtually any filtration bed. The system's operation is very similar to conventional filtration because the membranes operate under comparable hydraulic conditions, use existing infrastructure and are back-washed without rapid tank drains. The membranes are immersed directly in the filter bed and stacked in layers, significantly increasing the flow rate, but within the same footprint. Therefore, rather than adding a new process to meet capacity and quality requirements, existing granular media can be replaced with ZeeWeed membranes, resulting in a much higher throughput and enhanced treated water quality.
AIR & DUST FILTERS Power Pulse valve, Asco/]oucomatic The preferred cleaning method of dust control fabric filters is reverse air jet, which uses a very short blast of air to remove the dust cake from the filter cloth. The air blasts are generated by pulse valves. The Power Pulse valve meets users'
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demands for both high flow rates and peak pressures. A redesign of the valve body, along with the outlet of the valve means that it produces significantly higher flow rates than standard pulse valves. Together these produce a positive change in the peak pressure, which in turn, increases the system's cleaning efficiency. ~ Downflo ® Oval 1®, Donaldson Co
Inc The Downflo Oval 1 series of cartridge dust collectors are engineered to give 25% more filtration capacity than conventional, same-sized collectors. Their patented oval-shaped cartridge filters have a higher filtration performance than traditional circularshaped cartridges. Designed with shorter, stiffer pleats the cartridges minimize dust entrapment and promote easy cleaning. Furthermore, the systems' proprietary pulse cleaning technology provides up to 30% more cleaning energy than conventional methods.
PowerCoreTM,Donaldson Europe, Engine Business Unit To meet manufacturers' demand for a compact, high-performance air filtration system for off-road equipment and heavy-duty truck vehicles, Donaldson Co has introduced the PowerCore. Its compact, metal-free, cartridge-style design with advanced media technolog); efficiently traps contaminants inside its structure for cleaner and easier servicing. As an alternative to larger-sized
conventional filters the PowerCore's straight-through air flow and high-density filtration system extends filter life, reducing overall maintenance costs. The shape options and smaller size of PowerCore air intake systems mean they have more mounting options than conventional filters.
Deep pleat cartridges with MikroBoss media, MikroPul MikroPul's new deep pleat cartridges for industrial dust collectors increase effective filter area significantly over conventional pleated synthetic media. Its patented MikroBoss media makes it possible to produce the cartridges with deeper pleats that do not collapse under operating pressure. This unique design uses staggered dimpling on the filtered side, which provides unrestricted air flow and pulse cleaning at the extreme ends of the pleat. MikroBoss is available in a variety of materials including spunbond and spunlaid polyester and polypropylene, as well as PTFE membrane. It has an increased filter area, which lowers pressure drops, reduces cleaning frequency and improves filter life. T M
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Permatron equipment protection screen, Permatron Corp Dirt, debris and grease are continually coating and insulating equipment coils, electronic systems, motors, fins and other
RES No.519 - USE THE FAST NEW ENQUIRY SERVICE @ www.filtsep.com
:32 July/August; 2002
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productawa rds2002 components that fall in the path of the equipment's air intake, affecting its performance. Therefore, it is essential that equipment is adequately protected from the build-up of these airborne contaminants. Permatron's equipment protection screen is a permanent and washable woven synthetic fabric media, which draws in and traps airborne particles. Engineered with specific applications in mind or various cut-to-fit applications, the screen is affixed by a magnetic or hook/loop attachment.
Silotop ® silo venting filter, WAM Group The design of Silotop filter's design is significantly different from its previous silo venting system, setting new standards in this application. Its robust 304 stainless steel body houses Polypleat filter elements with push-fitted venturi, which offer an optimum filter surface to body volume ratio. The compressed air cleaning units comprise air jet pipes with burr-free nozzles and a smooth surface. The filter elements can be checked via an inspection hatch in the lower part of the body without having to open the unit's weather protection cover. As an option a pressure differential monitoring device can also be located on the inspection hatch.
FILTER APPLICATIONS Baleen Filter TM,Baleen Filters Pry Ltd Designed for the separation of fine suspended solids from all types of water based waste streams the Baleen Filter is a self-cleaning filter that employs a unique separation technique (originating from the University of South Australia). Its patented technology is based on a combination of clearing fluid dynamics and mechanical principles. Suspended solids are separated absolutely to 25 microns into a dewaterable consistenc)~ without chemical assistance. The baleen filter is a low cost alternative to traditional settling methods. Diffusion Dialysis System, Exergy Technologies Corp Exergy Technologies' diffusion dialysis (DD) system employs ion exchange membranes to recycle used or spent industrial acids. The membranes are installed in single or multiple stacks, supported in a plate and frame structure. Patented one-piece membrane spaces create compartments with cell distances for optimum diffusion. Counter-current streams of spent acid and deionized water alternate through the cells. Free acid is transported from the spent acid stream into the deionozed water stream to be reused in the process, while the metals in the spent acid are rejected, creating a waste stream for metal recovery or treatment. The DD system can recycle 80-95% of used acids and reject 95% of metals.
Aquaprima A100 ®, Ona Electroerosion SA AquaPrima A100 is a fully automatic, self-cleaning filtering module for purifying deionized water for wire cutting applications and coolants for grinding machines. It comprises a permanent mineral filter bed. Dirty fluid enters a vessel filled with the calibrated mineral particles, where the particles are retained by the mineral media. The clean liquid leaves the bottom of the filter vessel, ,vhere it is discharged into a clean tank. When the filter vessel reaches saturation point the mineral filter media is backwashed with a reverse flow of liquid, so that all the accumulated debris is removed and discharged into a settling tank. The concentrated liquid in the settling tank is then separated by gravity - the sludge is discharged and the liquid is returned to the system.
Filtration+Separation
O r i o n , Vivendi Water Systems Orion is the next generation water purification system designed to comply with the stringent standards and regulations of the pharmaceutical industry. A proven and patented CDI (continuous electrodeionization) module lies at the heart of the system. The Orion incorporates the new wide-cell CD1-LX module to provide improved electrodeionization, while maintaining the advantages of chemical free regeneration and reduced rinse cycle times. Water is conditioned prior to the CDI-LX by a reverse osmosis (RO) unit. The combination of RO and CDI-LX provides a safe, reliable and chemical free process to produce purified water.
TESTING & MONITORING E Z SDI TM,Rodi Systems Corp Manual Silt Density Index (SDI) testing is an effective method for monitoring the fouling tendencies of RO membranes, but it is extremely time-consuming. Rodi Systems' EZ SDITM,in contrast, automatically and consistently monitor the SDI of RO feed water, ,vhich enables operators to quickly and regularly check the effectiveness of their RO pre-treatment systems. The unit, which is designed for permanent installation, uses the ASTM test method to calculate the SDI of the RO feed water. Universal Filter Holder for EN1822-4 scanning tests,
Topas GmbH The Universal filter holder, designed as an alternative to plenum filter holders, increases the potential to achieve 100% testing of HEPA, ULPA filters to the EN1822-4 Standard. The patented filter holder, is able to accommodate filters ranging in size from 305 x 305ram to 1830 x 1220mm, without the need for adapters. This unique ability is achieved through the use of a pyramid shaped funnel with a moveable side wall that adjusts to seal the filter in place. The duct supplying the challenge aerosol is located at the base of the funnel. The filter under test is positioned onto the funnel surface by means of an electrically driven carrier assembly, while the filter scanning traverse system is located on the rear (down stream side) of the test filter. ESD differential pressure gauge, Walker Research Ltd The ESD series of simplex and duplex differential and gauge pressure transmitters have been designed to continually monitor the performance of filtration equipment to ensure they operate at maximum efficiency. They can be connected onto any filter housing to monitor both compressed air and liquid applications. Continuous monitoring has the benefit of indicating trends over time, allowing operators to build up historical data and optimize filter changes. One special feature is the encapsulation of two pressure transmitters in one housing, which enables monitoring of the operating pressure and the differential pressure simultaneously. All the ESD devices use a 4-20 mA electronic signal to transmit collected data and can monitor operating pressures up to 21 bar and a wide range of differential pressures (3.5-3500 mbar). These low cost, high performance, slim-line units are suitable for all applications that use compressed air, inert gases or non-corrosive liquids.
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20()2
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2 0 0 2 Product Achievement Awards
elcome to the final product and service nominations for the upcoming 2002 Filtration+Separation Product Achievement Awards. It is now up to you, the readers, to vote for those nominations that you believe will benefit and have benefited your industry and/or your own business. Vote now for your choice in each category and have the opportunity of winning a prize - three electronic personal organizers are up for grabs! Entry is simple and easy. All you need to do is choose the product or service of your choice in each category. Then go to our website, www.filtsep.com, where you will find an on-line voting form to fill-in and submit (click through on the flashing Awards 2002 logo and follow the instructions). In certain copies of the magazine a printed voting form is also enclosed. In order to qualify for the chance of winning an electronic organizer you must complete the whole form and nominate a 'Product of the Year' (write in block capitals). Then either submit it ON-LINE ,or fax (+44 1865 843971) the printed form back to us, no later than 30 September 2002. We look forward to receiving your completed voting forms.
W
anti-microbial high to medium efficiency air bag filter, which exhibits a lower pressure drop than traditional sewn bag filters. Its plastic frame makes it 30% lighter in weight than bag filters with a metal frame. Furthermore, unless it is contaminated with volatile substances, the used filters can be completely incinerated. Therefore it offers both cost effective filtration, and is significantly easier to dispose of than its galvanised steel framed counterparts.
Solar Powered Ultrafiltration System, Rochem UF Systeme Many rural areas do not have access to public power and potable water supplies, and often the surrounding surface water is contaminated. To address this problem Rochem has developed a small ultrafiltration (UF) plant, which incorporates its FM (Flat Membrane) UF module, and is powered by solar energy. The plant, which works discontinuously, i.e. only during sunshine to avoid using expensive energy storage devices, produces small quantities of potable quality water that is free of turbidity, bacteria and viruses. The open channel construction of the FM module means the membranes are less susceptible to fouling, which in turn means the UF plant can operate longer filtration cycles between cleaning.
BEST SERVICE www.filtraguide.com, FiltraGuicle InsideActive Software Solutions GmbH Filtraguide.com is an international, on-line platform for anyone interested in filtration and separation. This English language site aims to unite supply and demand. It can be used as both a purchase guide and a source of relevant information. It possesses several field-specific search functions, such as company, product and application searches. The site incorporates two special features - 'Solution Finder' and 'Inquiry Agent', where interested parties can send their inquiry direct to a company.
BEST WEBSITE Please access the internet to view each site before making your final decision. w w w . b b a f i l t r a t i o n (BBA Filtration)
www.filtraguide.com (FiltraGuide InsideActive Software Solutions Gmb H ) w w w . l a r o x . c o m (Larox Corp) www.membraneonline.com (Membrane Online) www.westfalia-separator.com (Westfalia Separator AG)
Technical Assistance Service K n o w - h o w (TASK), Task America
FILTER M E D I A M e t e o r TM,Albarrie
Task America specializes in offering an in-situ testing and cleaning service for Jet-Pulse or Plenum Pulse baghouses. The service is performed with minimal shutdown time and can significantly delay the need to replace bags and cages. Using specialized equipment Task America performs air permeability testing. The unit examines the condition of the filter bags and cages in their operational environment, measures air permeability on the installed bag, which determines actual values in use, and delivers test results directly on-site. If high differential pressure or short bag life is experienced by the customer, Task America's unique High Efficiency Cleaning (HEC) device can clean the filter bags in-situ, requiring no or a very brief shutdown period.
By combining the robust physical properties of volcanic rock and the latest advances in composite textile fabric technology, Abarrie has developed a composite filter medium that is extremely resistant to the harsh environment of industrial air pollution control units. Called Meteor, this filter bag medium is said to produce a lower pressure drop than PTFE membrane coated filter media, which means lower baghouse operating costs and an increased air flow.
ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION e-SoniQ, McLeod Russel (UK) Ltd McLeod Russel's e-SoniQ is a plastic framed, ultrasonically sealed,
2 R July/August 2002
Reemay ® Elite, BBA Filtration BBA Filtrations' Reemay Elite is a premium grade polyester nonwoven for filtration and membrane support that possesses a high level of uniformity. According to the company, its uniformity
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productawa rds2002 means increased reliability in applications such as nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration, as well as in critical medical applications. The medium is composed of trilobal cross-sectional, continuous filaments, and satisfies the criteria of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food contact regulations. J C E M digital pleater, JCEM USA Described as the latest in pleating technology, JCEM's digital pleating machine can process a variety of filter media, including nonwovens, spunbonded polyester and wire mesh, ranging from one to ten layers thick. Pleat height and count are precisely configured by a real-time digital servo driven axis. The machine incorporates fibre-optic technology to allow the operator to view the pleating process on-screen and uses a Microsoft T M operating system for the storage of all pleating jobs. Its ability to precisely control the pleating process means less material is loss as wastage. D u r a p e x TM,Polymer Group Inc (PGI) Durapex is a nonwoven filter medium produced using PGI's Apex® technology, which combines advanced web forming and hydrotangling technologies with a highly developed finish. Traditional mechanical needling can cause imperfections in the needlefelt web, creating large pores that can result in filter by-pass. Durapex, in contrast, is engineered to have a tightly controlled pore size distribution, i.e. its pore size distribution is 20% less than in a needlefelt. Durapex has a high filtering efficiency, a low pressure drop and a longer filter life, which translates into cost savings for users. For baghouse applications, it meets the strict demands of the EPA PM 2.5 particle emission rule. M a g n u m TM, Sweco The Magnum screen has been designed for increased strength and reliability, reducing downtime and lowering maintenance cost. It evolved from Sweco's ATS T M (advanced technology screen) development programme, so it is engineered to balance screen life, capacity and blinding resistance so that the optimum performance for any application is obtained. In field test it demonstrated a screen life that was up to five times that of traditional screen designs. In addition, its advanced bonding techniques improve operating rates, while providing rip-stop protection.
Sedifilt, Syntecb Fibres (Pvt) Ltd Sedifilt is a continuous filament media for string wound cartridges for potable and industrial process water purification. The high bulk, random structure of this medium differs from standard media because it comprises continuous fibres rather than short fibres. Therefore, this 100% polypropylene material does not suffer from media migration. Normally antistatic agent and lubrications are applied to extruded filaments to prevent the build-up of static on the filaments, so that they can be retained in a cohesive bundle without repelling one another. In
Filtration+Separation
contrast, Sedifilt is manufactured using pure water as the antistatic agent, which eliminates the problems associated with chemical leaching. Tribo TM,TexelInc Tribo is an electrostatic air filtration media manufactured using needlepunch technology It utilizes the triboelectric effect to create a large number of postive and negative electric charges that are strong and stable within the structure of the felt. Its patented blend of polypropylene and aramid fibres offers greater flexibility because the proportions of both polymers can be adjusted to achieve the efficiency and pressure drop requirements of a specific application. In addition, Tribo is available with a variety of support backing material making it self-pleatable or sufficiently rigid whatever the application, e.g. automotive cabin air filtration and air intake, cleanroom HEPA, gas turbine air intake, etc.
LIQUID FILTERS Xtract-1®, 3V CogeimSpA The Xtract-1 is an automatic dry product discharge system for Nutsche filter dryers. In a single, low pressure pneumatic conveying operation the main portion of the cake is unloaded and the final heel is recovered and directly transferred to storage or the next process unit. Therefore, the system, which can be retrofitted on existing machines, can replace the conventional side discharge hatch in most cases. The major benefits of the system include complete heel removal, full product containment and compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) requirements. EC-Processor, BHS-Sontbofen Maschinen- und Anlagenbau GmbH Based on the process technology of BHS-Sonthofen's FEST rotary pressure filter, the EC-Processor is a continuously operating, fully automatic, closed filter system for filtering hazardous products or where product contamination must not occur. Thanks to the unique sealing system of its drum and housing it possible to clean the EC-Processor in minutes. By deflating the inflatable drumhousing sealing system the housing can be completely retracted from the drum. This then allows easy access to all product wetter parts, plus flushing with high pressure cleaning liquids further improves the cleaning results. H y d r o F l u i d , Filterwerk Mann+Hummel Gmb H HydroFluid is an automatic filter system designed for fine filtration (10 gtm) of water, wastewater and industrial waters, all with a high solids content. It possesses a dynamic cleaning principle that makes back-flushing or mechanical cleaning unnecessary The feed water flows tangentially into a ring channel, which dampens the flow and achieves pre-separation. Dynamic scrapers rotate around the filter element, causing the feed water to rotate. The resulting centrifugal forces transport the dirt particles away from the element towards the housing, where they are deflected downwards. The hydrodynamic scrapers produce a partial vacuum, which creates unstable flow conditions at the surface of the filter element. The combined effect is the prevention of the formation of a filter cake, which overall improves filtration efficiency
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productawards2002 :,: .................... CX150, Filter Specialists Inc (FSI) FSI's CX150 convertible, stainless steel filter housing satisfies the sanitary filtration needs of the pharmaceutical, food processing and semiconductor industries. It offers greater flexibility to users because it can house either filter bags or cartridges. From a safety aspect it possesses a patented device that does not allow the vessel to be pressurized if it is not closed properly (operating pressure 150 psig). The CX150 is manufactured from 316L stainless steel (with multiple sanitary finishes available), and is engineered with a clean wall design, a smooth interior surface that allows easier manual cleaning or in-place flushing.
Ultrafit ® 800 Series, Filtration Systems
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The patented Ultrafit 800 Series liquid bag filters, when used with the Ultrafit housing achieves 99.98 % efficiency in the sub-micron range. The whole Ultra fit Series range from 0.2-200 microns, in both absolute and nominal ratings. Product applications include filtration of industrial and process fluids, pharmaceuticals, surface & groundwater, and pre-filtration of reverse osmosis membranes and expensive cartridges. The bag filters offers a high surface area because its media comprises multiple layers of graded density meltblown, FDA approved polypropylene. Their other features include a fully-welded ultrasonic construction, with a ZeroBypass TM collar and a integrated polymeric support.
Pneumapress ®, Pneumapress Filter Corp
TESTING LIQUID FILTERS TESTS OF ALL FILTERS Hydraulic, lubricant, fuel, water and other industrial liquids ANY TEST CONDITION Up to 500 L/rnin and 100 bar Down to 2 ,urn ANY TEST METHOD ISO, DIN, BS, NF, NFPA, JIS, ASTM ANY TEST Performance, hydraulic, mechanic. OTHER ACTIVITIES • R & D of new test methodsfor ISO, CEN and AFNOR • Test equipmentvalidationand measuring instrumentcalibration • Designand manufactureof high quality automatedliquidfilter test stands. M o r e t h a n 100 c u s t o m e r s w o r l d - w i d e E U R O P E A N FILTER TEST C E N T E R INSTITUTE OF FILTRATION AND TECHNIQUES OF SEPARATION En France : C. PEUCHOT BP 292. 47007 Ager~Cedex Fax (+33) 553 956 695. E-mail : iffs@ifts-sls,corn In UK : T. FROST PO Box 47. Newport. Shrops. TF10 9WB, Fax (+44) 1952 691219, E-mail : AquaFocus@aol,com In Germany : J M NULLANS, Postfach 700225, 60552 Frankfurt, Fax (+49/699 621 7620, E-mail: CAF-FFM@t-online de
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The Pneumapress is a series of multi-modular automatic pressure filters that use patented, single chamber filter technology to produce simple but effective variable capacity liquid/solids separation. The single chambers are stacked vertically to increase capacity, without increasing floor space. The filter produces up to 10 cm thick, dry filter cakes and dean filtrate within 60 seconds, and can be configured for flow rates of between 4-40 000 litres/min, resulting in over 3200 m 3 of dry solids/day. Once the filter cake is formed, compressed air or gas is used to force the remaining liquid from the cake through the filter media and so dry the cake. At the end of the filter cycle the filter chambers are opened and the filter belts automatically discharge the dry cakes into a mixer or onto a conveyor. The filter belts are washed with a small volume of liquid as the cakes are discharged. D i s p o s a b l e rotary drum filter, Steadfast Equipment Steadfast's small disposable rotary drum filter is an economic alternative to using centrifuges and filtration equipment such as plate, frame or leaf filters for batch solid/liquid separations. The unit operates in the same way as a vacuum drum filter, exhibiting a slurry processing rate of 1-3 litres/min and a batch capacity of up to 1000 litres. In addition to its low cost, its disposable, precleaned design eliminates the pre and post cleaning associated with traditional cake filtration equipment.
Roto Flo-Jet, Unitrade Process Technologies Inc Based on the Unitrade's Uniflo-Jet strainer design, the Rotoflo-Jet is a range of self cleaning jet strainers specially designed to handle applications with low flow rates and medium to high viscosity liquids such as such as paints and printing inks. The strainers' selfwww.filtsep.com
productawa rds2002 cleaning action is obtained through a combination of internal flushing and a helical rotor that continually scrapes the internal surface of the filter element. All Rotoflo-Jet strainers are made from 316 stainless steel. They are built to operate in pressures up to 17.5 bar and temperatures of 112 °C and are ideal for use in chemical plants, refineries and pulp and paper plants.
LIQUID SEPARATORS ALSYS 400 Series, Alfa Laval The ALSYS 400 Series is the ideal dewatering package solution for reducing sludge volumes at industrial and municipal treatment plants. Based on Alfa Laval's ALDEC high performance decanter, each module is a self-contained system including feed pump, flow meter, polymer make-up unit, piping and valves, and a screw conveyor for the dewatered sludge. A central control panel ensures that all components work together trouble-free and with built-in safety. The module is suitable for industrial as well as municipal dewatering plants for capacities between 2-18 m3/h. It can also serve larger plants with a need for an extra unit for periodical peaks, or as a mobile unit to be shared by several smaller plants.
CentraSep TM,Midwest Engineered Products Inc Unlike conventional centrifuges, which possess two motors (one to operate the bowl and the other to perform the scraping for solids discharge), the CentraSep combines a unique bowl/blade clutch design driven by a single AC motor and drive. For the first time in centrifuge design, the bowl and blade assembly are positively synchronized. A unique positive locking clutch couples the bowl's main spindle and the blade together so that both rotate at precisely the same speed when processing fluids. It can effectively remove submicron particles and fines from a variety of process fluids, i.e. up to four times the quantity compared to conventional centrifuges. OSD 2, Westfalia Separator Mineraloil Systems GmbH The ODS 2 is said to be the smallest self-cleaning separator currently available that provides 24-hour operation for the conditioning of fuels or lubricating oil. As with all of Westfalia's D-Type machines, the OSD 2 has been manufactured with the emphasis on efficiency. It is smaller and lighter than the other models, and uses a flat belt drive instead of gears, making its operation significantly smoother and quieter, and also much easier to maintain. It has stainless steel separation disks, which enable it to process lubricating oil at temperatures up to 100 °C. The unit is able to operate for 8000 hours before routine maintenance is required, with major servicing only after 16 000 hours. AD0103, Westfalia Separator Umwelttecbnik Gmb H Described as a new generation clarifier-type of decanter, the AD0103 is a continuously operating, horizontal scroll-type centrifuge designed for the treatment of small industrial wastewater streams. It combines excellent dewatering results, a low space requirement, simple maintenance and ease of service. All parts that come into contact with the product are made from stainless
Filtration+Separation
CrNiMo steel. It exhibits a high degree of dynamic rigidity and a low noise level because of its twin envelope design, and its decanter bowl is driven by a low-noise, three-phase AC motor,
M E M B R A N E FILTERS SSE UF spiral elements, Danish Separation Systems (DSS) Spiral membranes are an economic alternative to using centrifuges in the manufacture of therapeutic compounds, but chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide generally have to be used to sanitise these membrane production plants. Although steam sterilisation is quicker and less expensive than chemical disinfection most spiral elements cannot withstand exposure to temperatures above 60 °C. The new SSE UF elements from DSS on the other hand, have been specifically designed to handle much higher temperatures. They are ideally suited for applications that require in-line sterilisation by superheated water (121 °C for 20 minutes). -
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VSEP, New Logic Research Inc Combining its membrane technology VSEP (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process) with special materials of construction has enabled New Logic Research to develop a membrane filtration system capable of withstanding temperatures up to 120 °C. The VSEP technology employs oscillating vibration to control the effects of diffusion polarization that limit permeation of conventional crossflow membrane systems. The VSEP has been shown to have 5-15 times the permeate flux per area of a conventional static crossflow membrane systems. The use of vibration to control membrane blinding has increased the possible applications for membrane separation technology.
ZeeWeed ® 1000, Zenon Environmental Inc ZeeWeedl000 membranes are able to convert existing filtration plants into high efficiency UF facilities. The membranes are housed in elements that can fit virtually any filtration bed. The system's operation is very similar to conventional filtration because the membranes operate under comparable hydraulic conditions, use existing infrastructure and are back-washed without rapid tank drains. The membranes are immersed directly in the filter bed and stacked in layers, significantly increasing the flow rate, but within the same footprint. Therefore, rather than adding a new process to meet capacity and quality requirements, existing granular media can be replaced with ZeeWeed membranes, resulting in a much higher throughput and enhanced treated water quality.
AIR & DUST FILTERS Power Pulse valve, Asco/]oucomatic The preferred cleaning method of dust control fabric filters is reverse air jet, which uses a very short blast of air to remove the dust cake from the filter cloth. The air blasts are generated by pulse valves. The Power Pulse valve meets users'
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demands for both high flow rates and peak pressures. A redesign of the valve body, along with the outlet of the valve means that it produces significantly higher flow rates than standard pulse valves. Together these produce a positive change in the peak pressure, which in turn, increases the system's cleaning efficiency. ~ Downflo ® Oval 1®, Donaldson Co
Inc The Downflo Oval 1 series of cartridge dust collectors are engineered to give 25% more filtration capacity than conventional, same-sized collectors. Their patented oval-shaped cartridge filters have a higher filtration performance than traditional circularshaped cartridges. Designed with shorter, stiffer pleats the cartridges minimize dust entrapment and promote easy cleaning. Furthermore, the systems' proprietary pulse cleaning technology provides up to 30% more cleaning energy than conventional methods.
PowerCoreTM,Donaldson Europe, Engine Business Unit To meet manufacturers' demand for a compact, high-performance air filtration system for off-road equipment and heavy-duty truck vehicles, Donaldson Co has introduced the PowerCore. Its compact, metal-free, cartridge-style design with advanced media technolog); efficiently traps contaminants inside its structure for cleaner and easier servicing. As an alternative to larger-sized
conventional filters the PowerCore's straight-through air flow and high-density filtration system extends filter life, reducing overall maintenance costs. The shape options and smaller size of PowerCore air intake systems mean they have more mounting options than conventional filters.
Deep pleat cartridges with MikroBoss media, MikroPul MikroPul's new deep pleat cartridges for industrial dust collectors increase effective filter area significantly over conventional pleated synthetic media. Its patented MikroBoss media makes it possible to produce the cartridges with deeper pleats that do not collapse under operating pressure. This unique design uses staggered dimpling on the filtered side, which provides unrestricted air flow and pulse cleaning at the extreme ends of the pleat. MikroBoss is available in a variety of materials including spunbond and spunlaid polyester and polypropylene, as well as PTFE membrane. It has an increased filter area, which lowers pressure drops, reduces cleaning frequency and improves filter life. T M
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Permatron equipment protection screen, Permatron Corp Dirt, debris and grease are continually coating and insulating equipment coils, electronic systems, motors, fins and other
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productawa rds2002 components that fall in the path of the equipment's air intake, affecting its performance. Therefore, it is essential that equipment is adequately protected from the build-up of these airborne contaminants. Permatron's equipment protection screen is a permanent and washable woven synthetic fabric media, which draws in and traps airborne particles. Engineered with specific applications in mind or various cut-to-fit applications, the screen is affixed by a magnetic or hook/loop attachment.
Silotop ® silo venting filter, WAM Group The design of Silotop filter's design is significantly different from its previous silo venting system, setting new standards in this application. Its robust 304 stainless steel body houses Polypleat filter elements with push-fitted venturi, which offer an optimum filter surface to body volume ratio. The compressed air cleaning units comprise air jet pipes with burr-free nozzles and a smooth surface. The filter elements can be checked via an inspection hatch in the lower part of the body without having to open the unit's weather protection cover. As an option a pressure differential monitoring device can also be located on the inspection hatch.
FILTER APPLICATIONS Baleen Filter TM,Baleen Filters Pry Ltd Designed for the separation of fine suspended solids from all types of water based waste streams the Baleen Filter is a self-cleaning filter that employs a unique separation technique (originating from the University of South Australia). Its patented technology is based on a combination of clearing fluid dynamics and mechanical principles. Suspended solids are separated absolutely to 25 microns into a dewaterable consistenc)~ without chemical assistance. The baleen filter is a low cost alternative to traditional settling methods. Diffusion Dialysis System, Exergy Technologies Corp Exergy Technologies' diffusion dialysis (DD) system employs ion exchange membranes to recycle used or spent industrial acids. The membranes are installed in single or multiple stacks, supported in a plate and frame structure. Patented one-piece membrane spaces create compartments with cell distances for optimum diffusion. Counter-current streams of spent acid and deionized water alternate through the cells. Free acid is transported from the spent acid stream into the deionozed water stream to be reused in the process, while the metals in the spent acid are rejected, creating a waste stream for metal recovery or treatment. The DD system can recycle 80-95% of used acids and reject 95% of metals.
Aquaprima A100 ®, Ona Electroerosion SA AquaPrima A100 is a fully automatic, self-cleaning filtering module for purifying deionized water for wire cutting applications and coolants for grinding machines. It comprises a permanent mineral filter bed. Dirty fluid enters a vessel filled with the calibrated mineral particles, where the particles are retained by the mineral media. The clean liquid leaves the bottom of the filter vessel, ,vhere it is discharged into a clean tank. When the filter vessel reaches saturation point the mineral filter media is backwashed with a reverse flow of liquid, so that all the accumulated debris is removed and discharged into a settling tank. The concentrated liquid in the settling tank is then separated by gravity - the sludge is discharged and the liquid is returned to the system.
Filtration+Separation
O r i o n , Vivendi Water Systems Orion is the next generation water purification system designed to comply with the stringent standards and regulations of the pharmaceutical industry. A proven and patented CDI (continuous electrodeionization) module lies at the heart of the system. The Orion incorporates the new wide-cell CD1-LX module to provide improved electrodeionization, while maintaining the advantages of chemical free regeneration and reduced rinse cycle times. Water is conditioned prior to the CDI-LX by a reverse osmosis (RO) unit. The combination of RO and CDI-LX provides a safe, reliable and chemical free process to produce purified water.
TESTING & MONITORING E Z SDI TM,Rodi Systems Corp Manual Silt Density Index (SDI) testing is an effective method for monitoring the fouling tendencies of RO membranes, but it is extremely time-consuming. Rodi Systems' EZ SDITM,in contrast, automatically and consistently monitor the SDI of RO feed water, ,vhich enables operators to quickly and regularly check the effectiveness of their RO pre-treatment systems. The unit, which is designed for permanent installation, uses the ASTM test method to calculate the SDI of the RO feed water. Universal Filter Holder for EN1822-4 scanning tests,
Topas GmbH The Universal filter holder, designed as an alternative to plenum filter holders, increases the potential to achieve 100% testing of HEPA, ULPA filters to the EN1822-4 Standard. The patented filter holder, is able to accommodate filters ranging in size from 305 x 305ram to 1830 x 1220mm, without the need for adapters. This unique ability is achieved through the use of a pyramid shaped funnel with a moveable side wall that adjusts to seal the filter in place. The duct supplying the challenge aerosol is located at the base of the funnel. The filter under test is positioned onto the funnel surface by means of an electrically driven carrier assembly, while the filter scanning traverse system is located on the rear (down stream side) of the test filter. ESD differential pressure gauge, Walker Research Ltd The ESD series of simplex and duplex differential and gauge pressure transmitters have been designed to continually monitor the performance of filtration equipment to ensure they operate at maximum efficiency. They can be connected onto any filter housing to monitor both compressed air and liquid applications. Continuous monitoring has the benefit of indicating trends over time, allowing operators to build up historical data and optimize filter changes. One special feature is the encapsulation of two pressure transmitters in one housing, which enables monitoring of the operating pressure and the differential pressure simultaneously. All the ESD devices use a 4-20 mA electronic signal to transmit collected data and can monitor operating pressures up to 21 bar and a wide range of differential pressures (3.5-3500 mbar). These low cost, high performance, slim-line units are suitable for all applications that use compressed air, inert gases or non-corrosive liquids.
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