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51 ALTERED NRF2 GENE EXPRESSION LEADS TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACUTE HYPERAMMONEMIC RATS
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEPATOLOGY
The PAI was done for 28 HCCs in 2.32 ± 1.52 mean number of sessions. Median follow-up was 8.4 months. Complete ablation was achieved in 86.4% and 67% HCCs of Group I and II, respectively. Complications encountered were pain and fever that were self-limiting. The survival rate at 1 year was 70%, and 44.4% in group I and II, respectively.
Conclusion: The PAI is a safe and effective therapeutic option for treatment of HCC when used alone or as a combination therapy. If the results are corroborated in larger studies, this inexpensive and simple modality may offer hope particularly for patients in resource-constrained settings.
OTHERS
ALTERED NRF2 GENE EXPRESSION LEADS TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACUTE HYPERAMMONEMIC RATS SK Goyal1, YK Chawla1, RK Vashista2, A Chakraborti3, RK Dhiman1 Departments of 1Hepatology, 2Histopathology, 3Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh Background and Aim: Studies on models of acute hyperammonemia (AHA) suggested a role of oxidative stress in neuropathology of ammonia toxicity. Nrf2 (Nuclear factor [erythroid derived 2]-like 2) is a transcription factor which regulates expression of antioxidant genes at transcription level and protects a cell against oxidative stress. Nrf2 expression is found to be altered in oxidative stress conditions in neurological diseases (J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007;66:75–85). In order to address this issue, we investigated Nrf2 gene expression along with oxidative stress parameters in frontal cortex and cerebellum of AHA rats. Materials and Method: The AHA was induced in Wistar rats (180–200 g) by intra-peritoneal injection of ammonium acetate (10 × 103 and 8 × 103 μmol/Kg bw) at half an hour interval. Control rats were given saline with respect to AHA group. Blood ammonia levels in blood and oxidative stress parameters in frontal cortex and cerebellum were investigated spectrophotometrically, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood were measured by flow cytometric method. Nrf2 gene expression in frontal cortex and cerebellum was investigated by real-time PCR. Result: Blood ammonia levels were increased (P < 0.001) in AHA rats when compared to the control rats. Nrf2 expression was reduced both in frontal cortex and cerebellum regions (P < 0.001). Blood ROS levels were higher (P < 0.01). Lipid peroxidation levels increased both in frontal cortex (P < 0.05) and cerebellum (P < 0.01). Superoxide dismutase activity decreased both in frontal cortex (P < 0.05) and cerebellum (P < 0.01). Catalase activity decreased only in cerebellum (P < 0.01). Activity of glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) and glutathione reductase (P < 0.05), and glutathione levels (P < 0.05) were decreased in only frontal cortex.
Conclusion: Nrf2 gene expression decreases significantly with concomitant increase in oxidative stress markers, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreases significantly in AHA rats. Decreased Nrf2 gene expression may be one of the factors in ammonia-induced oxidative stress in AHA.
52 ASSOCIATION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL PREDICTORS A Krishnan, J Venkatraman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai Background and Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver condition in the Western world, and it is commonly associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim: To determine the prevalence of NAFLD and identify the predisposing factors in type-2 DM patients with NAFLD. Method: A total of 131 patients of type-2 DM were included in the prospective study in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients with characteristic findings on ultrasonography (USG) were considered as having fatty livers. They were divided into fatty liver (Group I) and non-fatty liver group (Group II). The patients were further evaluated by measurement of body mass index (BMI), liver function tests and lipid profile. Result: Of 131 type-2 diabetic patients, 78 (59.5%) patients had fatty liver on USG. Waist-hip ratio, BMI, and triglyceride levels in the group I was significantly higher than Group II. An increase in the levels of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL, and a decrease in HDL was observed in group I as compared to Group II. Conclusion: The prevalence of NAFLD is common among in type-2 DM patients, and it increases with the rising incidence of obesity. Obesity as well as elevated liver enzymes and triglyceride, and cholesterol are significantly raised in NAFLD patients with type-2 DM. It highlights the importance of routine liver function test (LFT) and lipid profile in subjects with type-2 DM and should be more closely observed for NAFLD and liver complications.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology | March 2012 | Vol. 2 | Suppl 1 | S6–S39
S29
Abstracts
51
The PAI was done for 28 HCCs in 2.32 ± 1.52 mean number of sessions. Median follow-up was 8.4 months. Complete ablation was achieved in 86.4% and 67% HCCs of Group I and II, respectively. Complications encountered were pain and fever that were self-limiting. The survival rate at 1 year was 70%, and 44.4% in group I and II, respectively.
Conclusion: The PAI is a safe and effective therapeutic option for treatment of HCC when used alone or as a combination therapy. If the results are corroborated in larger studies, this inexpensive and simple modality may offer hope particularly for patients in resource-constrained settings.
OTHERS
ALTERED NRF2 GENE EXPRESSION LEADS TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACUTE HYPERAMMONEMIC RATS SK Goyal1, YK Chawla1, RK Vashista2, A Chakraborti3, RK Dhiman1 Departments of 1Hepatology, 2Histopathology, 3Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh Background and Aim: Studies on models of acute hyperammonemia (AHA) suggested a role of oxidative stress in neuropathology of ammonia toxicity. Nrf2 (Nuclear factor [erythroid derived 2]-like 2) is a transcription factor which regulates expression of antioxidant genes at transcription level and protects a cell against oxidative stress. Nrf2 expression is found to be altered in oxidative stress conditions in neurological diseases (J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007;66:75–85). In order to address this issue, we investigated Nrf2 gene expression along with oxidative stress parameters in frontal cortex and cerebellum of AHA rats. Materials and Method: The AHA was induced in Wistar rats (180–200 g) by intra-peritoneal injection of ammonium acetate (10 × 103 and 8 × 103 μmol/Kg bw) at half an hour interval. Control rats were given saline with respect to AHA group. Blood ammonia levels in blood and oxidative stress parameters in frontal cortex and cerebellum were investigated spectrophotometrically, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood were measured by flow cytometric method. Nrf2 gene expression in frontal cortex and cerebellum was investigated by real-time PCR. Result: Blood ammonia levels were increased (P < 0.001) in AHA rats when compared to the control rats. Nrf2 expression was reduced both in frontal cortex and cerebellum regions (P < 0.001). Blood ROS levels were higher (P < 0.01). Lipid peroxidation levels increased both in frontal cortex (P < 0.05) and cerebellum (P < 0.01). Superoxide dismutase activity decreased both in frontal cortex (P < 0.05) and cerebellum (P < 0.01). Catalase activity decreased only in cerebellum (P < 0.01). Activity of glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) and glutathione reductase (P < 0.05), and glutathione levels (P < 0.05) were decreased in only frontal cortex.
Conclusion: Nrf2 gene expression decreases significantly with concomitant increase in oxidative stress markers, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreases significantly in AHA rats. Decreased Nrf2 gene expression may be one of the factors in ammonia-induced oxidative stress in AHA.
52 ASSOCIATION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL PREDICTORS A Krishnan, J Venkatraman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai Background and Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver condition in the Western world, and it is commonly associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim: To determine the prevalence of NAFLD and identify the predisposing factors in type-2 DM patients with NAFLD. Method: A total of 131 patients of type-2 DM were included in the prospective study in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients with characteristic findings on ultrasonography (USG) were considered as having fatty livers. They were divided into fatty liver (Group I) and non-fatty liver group (Group II). The patients were further evaluated by measurement of body mass index (BMI), liver function tests and lipid profile. Result: Of 131 type-2 diabetic patients, 78 (59.5%) patients had fatty liver on USG. Waist-hip ratio, BMI, and triglyceride levels in the group I was significantly higher than Group II. An increase in the levels of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL, and a decrease in HDL was observed in group I as compared to Group II. Conclusion: The prevalence of NAFLD is common among in type-2 DM patients, and it increases with the rising incidence of obesity. Obesity as well as elevated liver enzymes and triglyceride, and cholesterol are significantly raised in NAFLD patients with type-2 DM. It highlights the importance of routine liver function test (LFT) and lipid profile in subjects with type-2 DM and should be more closely observed for NAFLD and liver complications.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology | March 2012 | Vol. 2 | Suppl 1 | S6–S39
S29
Abstracts
51