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00616 Development of catalytic gas cleaning in biomass gasification
15
Environment
97100609 irradiation invertebrate
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
A comparison of the effects of long-term ;I- and ?on the reproductive performance of a maring Ophryotrocha diadema (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae)
Knowles, J. F. and Greenwood, L. N., Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 1997, 34, (I), l-7. The effects of chronic exposure to the same absorbed dose rates of :jradiation from tritiated water, or ?-radiation from an external ll’Cs source, on the reproductive performance of the polychaete Ophryotmchu diadema both .I- and -,-radiation caused have been compared. At 7.3 mGyhh’. similar, significant reductions in numbers of larvae compared with controls. The p-irradiated worms had significant reductions in egg production, but not in the survival of eggs to larva, while dj-irradiated worms had significant reductions in the survival of eggs to larvae, hut not in egg production. There was no evidence for the high radiosensitivity to )&radiation reported for some other invertebrates.
97100615 irradiation.
Determination of the dose rate from external Geological considerations in sampling optimization
Baeza, A. et al.. Journalof Environmental Radioactivity, 1997, 34. (I), 9-27. Dose rates received from natural external irradiation were evaluated with two techniques: using radiation measurements made in radiometric flights, and using gamma-emitter radioactivity levels in the soil. The zone of the study was the province of Caceres (Spain), of some 20 000 km’ area. Because of its complicated geology, this zone has a great spatial variability in the concentrations of radionuclides present in the soil. The results allowed ratification of the two dose rate measurement techniques, and the establishment of criteria with which, using geology as a parameter, future sampling campaigns could be optimized through the determination of the minimum number of points to ample and their most suitable locations.
97/00616 gasification 97100610 tion
Control of nitrogen
oxide enfission
in coal combus-
Development
of catalytic
gas cleaning
in biomass
Hirama, T. and Shimizu, T., Kupku Kognku, 1996, 60, (8). 548-551. (In Japanese) This article with 54 references discusses the emission of NO, and NZO from fluidized bed combustion. formation and removal of N:O inside combustion apparatus, and pressurized fluidized bed combustion.
Simell, P. et al., VTT Symp., IO%, In4 (Power Production from Biomass II with Special Emphasis on Gasification and Pyrolysis R&DD), 1X-140. This paper concludes that gasification gas containing dust can be efficiently purified of tars and ammonia with a nickel monolith catalyst. Complete tar decomposition and 80%~ ammonia conversion were acheived with appropriate conditions. Catalyst deactivation was not observed during test runs of 100 hours. Dolomites and limestones can also be applied of tar.
Covalent 97100611 by benzo[g]chrysene
products
DNA adducts
formed
in mouse epidermis
Gilea, A. S. et al., Corci,lo-ge,2r.ri.s.. 1996, 17, (cr), 133 I-13%. This article concerns the investigation of the metabolic activation in mouse (B[g]C)a moderately carcinogenic polycyclic skin of benzo[g]chrysene aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in coal tar. Male Parkes mice were treated B(g]C and DNA was isolated from the treated areas of skin at various times after treatment and analyzed by “P-postlabelling. Seven major adduct spots were detected. B[g]C-DNA adducts persisted in skin for at least 3 weeks. Results indicated that B[g]C is activated in mouse skin through formation of the (-)-anti-( llR,12S,l3S,l4R) and (+)-ayn(1 lS.l2R,l3S,l4R) B-[g]CDEs. (-)-Anti-Bg[g]CDE formed five adducts with DNA, two of them with adenine and three with guanine bases. (+)Syn-B[g]CDE formed one adduct with each of these bases in DNA. The adenine adducts accounted for 64%’ of the total major adducts formed in B[g]C-treated mouse skin. The route of metabolic activation of B[g]C is similar to that reported for B[c] Ph, but the extent of activation to the fiord region dial-epoxides is significantly greater in the case of B[g]C, as demonstrated by the higher levels of adduct formation in Cm.
Decreasing air pollution 97100612 means of air-dust flow control Bobrov, A. I. and Korenev, A. P.. (In Russian) This paper looks at the feasibility of prevention of dust spreading from shafts and supply of fresh dust-free with respect to the modernization of air-dust flow control systems.
Bemp.
by dust in mining shafts by Tr. Prom-sti.,
1996, (I),
18-22.
using/air-dust flow control methods for coal mining machines in the mining air. and recommendations are given mining equipment and development of
Degradation and desulfurization 97100613 phene sulfone and other sulfur compounds MC501 and a mixed culture
of diben-zothioby Agrobacterium
Constanti, M. et al.. Enzvnte Micro/?. Tech&., 1996, 19, (3), 214-21’). A study of DBT sulphone deaulfurizatfon was conducted, making use of Agrohuc~erirrm MC501 and the mixed culture composed of Agrohacteriwn MCSOI. Xartthomouur MC701, Corywhacferium sp. MC402, all prevtously isolated from a coal mine area by an enrichment culture with dibenzothiophene (DBT). Both cultures were able to use DBT sulphone as a sole source of sulphur for growth. This compound was metaholized to 2. hydroxy-biphenyl (2PP) and sulfate. Agrohncterrun? MC.501 and the mixed culture could also utilize a wide range of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds as sources of sulfur such as DBT, thianthrene, di-Ph sulfide, thiophene-2-carboxylate, di-Bu sulfide. methioninc, cysteine. sulfate, and sulfite. Based on these results, the above-mentioned strains can he used to characterize and study coal desulfurization.
97100614 estation
Democracy,
political
instability
and tropical
defor-
Global E~n?rortmenn~/ Chu,t& April 1997, 7. (1) h3-76. Didia. D. O., The alarming rate of depletion of tropical forests and the economic, social. and environmental implications are serious issues facing the world. Very prominent among the myriad factors at play is the political environment within these tropical countries. This study therefore investigates to what extent the rate of tropical deforestation is exacerbated by the democratic/ non-democratic nature of the governments in power and constructs a democracy index variable for 55 countrie\ across the four regions of the deforestation from 1981~1985. is tropical world. The average annual compared to the democracy index variable and a strong negative correlation between the level of democracy and the rate of tropical forest exploitation is found. The global policy implications of this finding are outlined.
46
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
Distribution of coal
97100617
of 15 trace elements
in the combustion
Wang, Q. et ul., Rmliuo Huuxue Xuehuo, 19Yh. 24, (2), 137-142. (In Chinese) The distribution and transfer of trace elements in coal-burning products can be calculated using empirical formulas developed for trace elements distribution in fly ash and bottom ash of burning coal. Most of the nonolatile elements in coal stays in fly ash and bottom ash after burning, a large quantity of volatile elements, however, is released into the air. In the fly ash produced by a layer-burning boiler, the trace element content increases with a decrease in particle diameter, and in the region of YO% of the elements are distributed in the particles with a diameter of <().I25 mm. The trace elements in coal-burning products have strong stripping property, hence it have an obvious environmental effect.
97100616 Dynamics of 13’Cs bioavailability in a soil-plant system in areas of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident zone with a different physico-chemical composition of radioactive fallout
Fesenko, S. V. et ul., Journal of Environmermd Radioactivify, 1997. 34, (3), 287-313. A quantitative analysis of the dynamics of “‘Cs bioavailability in soils contaminated following the Chernobyl NPP accident, based on a h-year (1987-1992) observation period, and a dynamic model describing the behaviour of radiocaesium in meadow ecosystems are presented. It has been shown that the type of deposition and soil characteristics are main factors that significantly affect (up to five times) the changes in bioavailability of this radionuclide in the soil-plant system. The presence of particles, distinguished by their resistance in the environment, can result in an irregular decrease of “‘Cs uptake by plants. During the first period after fallout, “‘Cs uptake by plants is considerably (up to eight times) inflenced by radionuclide distribution between the soil and the mat. The rates of decrease of ‘a’Cs uptake by plants can differ by factor of 3-5, being dependent on soil properties. The effect of these factors depends on the time lapsed after the deposition.
97100619 Kragujevac
Effective dose estimation for due to the Chernobyl accident
the
population
in
Kostic. D. et al., Jourrrrrl of Enkmmental Radionct~vity, 1997, 34, (3). 2X266. The doses that inhabitants of Kragujevac received after the nuclear accident in Chernobyl are given in this paper. During April and May in 1986, the radionuclide content in rain water was determined hy applying gamma spectroscopic analysis, and the exposure dose rate in air was measure. The results obtained are the basis for absorbed dose, effective dose and commitment dose calculations.
97100620 function
Effective migration velocity of the type of soils in Belarus
of 13’Cs and “Sr
as a
Arapis. G. et ul., Jmrrwl of Emironmentul Radiocrcri~itv, lYO7. 34, (2). 171-185. The effective migration velocities of ‘27Cs and ““Sr tn typical soils of the Khoiniki district, Gomel re#,on.,Belaru~, were evaluated. In most of these soils, the migration rate of Sr seems htgher that that of “‘Cs and ranges from 0.71 to 1.54 cm/year and 0.39 to 1.16 cm/year, respectively. In some soil types both radionuclides have the same speed, approximately I cm/year. Seven years after the accident the main part of the residual radionuclides is located in the upper IO cm of soils. At a depth of 50-70 cm the quantity of radionuclides is very small. The obtained results on vertical migration of the radionuclides as afunction of the soil type are presented in the form of a radioecological map for the whole contaminated region of Khoiniki.
Environment
97100609 irradiation invertebrate
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
A comparison of the effects of long-term ;I- and ?on the reproductive performance of a maring Ophryotrocha diadema (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae)
Knowles, J. F. and Greenwood, L. N., Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 1997, 34, (I), l-7. The effects of chronic exposure to the same absorbed dose rates of :jradiation from tritiated water, or ?-radiation from an external ll’Cs source, on the reproductive performance of the polychaete Ophryotmchu diadema both .I- and -,-radiation caused have been compared. At 7.3 mGyhh’. similar, significant reductions in numbers of larvae compared with controls. The p-irradiated worms had significant reductions in egg production, but not in the survival of eggs to larva, while dj-irradiated worms had significant reductions in the survival of eggs to larvae, hut not in egg production. There was no evidence for the high radiosensitivity to )&radiation reported for some other invertebrates.
97100615 irradiation.
Determination of the dose rate from external Geological considerations in sampling optimization
Baeza, A. et al.. Journalof Environmental Radioactivity, 1997, 34. (I), 9-27. Dose rates received from natural external irradiation were evaluated with two techniques: using radiation measurements made in radiometric flights, and using gamma-emitter radioactivity levels in the soil. The zone of the study was the province of Caceres (Spain), of some 20 000 km’ area. Because of its complicated geology, this zone has a great spatial variability in the concentrations of radionuclides present in the soil. The results allowed ratification of the two dose rate measurement techniques, and the establishment of criteria with which, using geology as a parameter, future sampling campaigns could be optimized through the determination of the minimum number of points to ample and their most suitable locations.
97/00616 gasification 97100610 tion
Control of nitrogen
oxide enfission
in coal combus-
Development
of catalytic
gas cleaning
in biomass
Hirama, T. and Shimizu, T., Kupku Kognku, 1996, 60, (8). 548-551. (In Japanese) This article with 54 references discusses the emission of NO, and NZO from fluidized bed combustion. formation and removal of N:O inside combustion apparatus, and pressurized fluidized bed combustion.
Simell, P. et al., VTT Symp., IO%, In4 (Power Production from Biomass II with Special Emphasis on Gasification and Pyrolysis R&DD), 1X-140. This paper concludes that gasification gas containing dust can be efficiently purified of tars and ammonia with a nickel monolith catalyst. Complete tar decomposition and 80%~ ammonia conversion were acheived with appropriate conditions. Catalyst deactivation was not observed during test runs of 100 hours. Dolomites and limestones can also be applied of tar.
Covalent 97100611 by benzo[g]chrysene
products
DNA adducts
formed
in mouse epidermis
Gilea, A. S. et al., Corci,lo-ge,2r.ri.s.. 1996, 17, (cr), 133 I-13%. This article concerns the investigation of the metabolic activation in mouse (B[g]C)a moderately carcinogenic polycyclic skin of benzo[g]chrysene aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in coal tar. Male Parkes mice were treated B(g]C and DNA was isolated from the treated areas of skin at various times after treatment and analyzed by “P-postlabelling. Seven major adduct spots were detected. B[g]C-DNA adducts persisted in skin for at least 3 weeks. Results indicated that B[g]C is activated in mouse skin through formation of the (-)-anti-( llR,12S,l3S,l4R) and (+)-ayn(1 lS.l2R,l3S,l4R) B-[g]CDEs. (-)-Anti-Bg[g]CDE formed five adducts with DNA, two of them with adenine and three with guanine bases. (+)Syn-B[g]CDE formed one adduct with each of these bases in DNA. The adenine adducts accounted for 64%’ of the total major adducts formed in B[g]C-treated mouse skin. The route of metabolic activation of B[g]C is similar to that reported for B[c] Ph, but the extent of activation to the fiord region dial-epoxides is significantly greater in the case of B[g]C, as demonstrated by the higher levels of adduct formation in Cm.
Decreasing air pollution 97100612 means of air-dust flow control Bobrov, A. I. and Korenev, A. P.. (In Russian) This paper looks at the feasibility of prevention of dust spreading from shafts and supply of fresh dust-free with respect to the modernization of air-dust flow control systems.
Bemp.
by dust in mining shafts by Tr. Prom-sti.,
1996, (I),
18-22.
using/air-dust flow control methods for coal mining machines in the mining air. and recommendations are given mining equipment and development of
Degradation and desulfurization 97100613 phene sulfone and other sulfur compounds MC501 and a mixed culture
of diben-zothioby Agrobacterium
Constanti, M. et al.. Enzvnte Micro/?. Tech&., 1996, 19, (3), 214-21’). A study of DBT sulphone deaulfurizatfon was conducted, making use of Agrohuc~erirrm MC501 and the mixed culture composed of Agrohacteriwn MCSOI. Xartthomouur MC701, Corywhacferium sp. MC402, all prevtously isolated from a coal mine area by an enrichment culture with dibenzothiophene (DBT). Both cultures were able to use DBT sulphone as a sole source of sulphur for growth. This compound was metaholized to 2. hydroxy-biphenyl (2PP) and sulfate. Agrohncterrun? MC.501 and the mixed culture could also utilize a wide range of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds as sources of sulfur such as DBT, thianthrene, di-Ph sulfide, thiophene-2-carboxylate, di-Bu sulfide. methioninc, cysteine. sulfate, and sulfite. Based on these results, the above-mentioned strains can he used to characterize and study coal desulfurization.
97100614 estation
Democracy,
political
instability
and tropical
defor-
Global E~n?rortmenn~/ Chu,t& April 1997, 7. (1) h3-76. Didia. D. O., The alarming rate of depletion of tropical forests and the economic, social. and environmental implications are serious issues facing the world. Very prominent among the myriad factors at play is the political environment within these tropical countries. This study therefore investigates to what extent the rate of tropical deforestation is exacerbated by the democratic/ non-democratic nature of the governments in power and constructs a democracy index variable for 55 countrie\ across the four regions of the deforestation from 1981~1985. is tropical world. The average annual compared to the democracy index variable and a strong negative correlation between the level of democracy and the rate of tropical forest exploitation is found. The global policy implications of this finding are outlined.
46
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1997
Distribution of coal
97100617
of 15 trace elements
in the combustion
Wang, Q. et ul., Rmliuo Huuxue Xuehuo, 19Yh. 24, (2), 137-142. (In Chinese) The distribution and transfer of trace elements in coal-burning products can be calculated using empirical formulas developed for trace elements distribution in fly ash and bottom ash of burning coal. Most of the nonolatile elements in coal stays in fly ash and bottom ash after burning, a large quantity of volatile elements, however, is released into the air. In the fly ash produced by a layer-burning boiler, the trace element content increases with a decrease in particle diameter, and in the region of YO% of the elements are distributed in the particles with a diameter of <().I25 mm. The trace elements in coal-burning products have strong stripping property, hence it have an obvious environmental effect.
97100616 Dynamics of 13’Cs bioavailability in a soil-plant system in areas of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident zone with a different physico-chemical composition of radioactive fallout
Fesenko, S. V. et ul., Journal of Environmermd Radioactivify, 1997. 34, (3), 287-313. A quantitative analysis of the dynamics of “‘Cs bioavailability in soils contaminated following the Chernobyl NPP accident, based on a h-year (1987-1992) observation period, and a dynamic model describing the behaviour of radiocaesium in meadow ecosystems are presented. It has been shown that the type of deposition and soil characteristics are main factors that significantly affect (up to five times) the changes in bioavailability of this radionuclide in the soil-plant system. The presence of particles, distinguished by their resistance in the environment, can result in an irregular decrease of “‘Cs uptake by plants. During the first period after fallout, “‘Cs uptake by plants is considerably (up to eight times) inflenced by radionuclide distribution between the soil and the mat. The rates of decrease of ‘a’Cs uptake by plants can differ by factor of 3-5, being dependent on soil properties. The effect of these factors depends on the time lapsed after the deposition.
97100619 Kragujevac
Effective dose estimation for due to the Chernobyl accident
the
population
in
Kostic. D. et al., Jourrrrrl of Enkmmental Radionct~vity, 1997, 34, (3). 2X266. The doses that inhabitants of Kragujevac received after the nuclear accident in Chernobyl are given in this paper. During April and May in 1986, the radionuclide content in rain water was determined hy applying gamma spectroscopic analysis, and the exposure dose rate in air was measure. The results obtained are the basis for absorbed dose, effective dose and commitment dose calculations.
97100620 function
Effective migration velocity of the type of soils in Belarus
of 13’Cs and “Sr
as a
Arapis. G. et ul., Jmrrwl of Emironmentul Radiocrcri~itv, lYO7. 34, (2). 171-185. The effective migration velocities of ‘27Cs and ““Sr tn typical soils of the Khoiniki district, Gomel re#,on.,Belaru~, were evaluated. In most of these soils, the migration rate of Sr seems htgher that that of “‘Cs and ranges from 0.71 to 1.54 cm/year and 0.39 to 1.16 cm/year, respectively. In some soil types both radionuclides have the same speed, approximately I cm/year. Seven years after the accident the main part of the residual radionuclides is located in the upper IO cm of soils. At a depth of 50-70 cm the quantity of radionuclides is very small. The obtained results on vertical migration of the radionuclides as afunction of the soil type are presented in the form of a radioecological map for the whole contaminated region of Khoiniki.