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03637 Gas cleaning for IC engine applications from fixed bed biomass gasification
03 99103631 Desulfurization agents and their manufacture Sera, T. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 00,519 [99 00,519J (Cl. BOlD53/14), 6 Jan 1999, Appl. 97/169,546,11 Jun 1997, 8 pp. (In Japanese) The desulfurization agents contain iron oxide + ZnO 5-40, SiOz 5-20 and TiOz and/or ZrOz 35-55 wt%. The iron oxide and ZnO may be zinc ferrite (ZnFez04). Iron salts and zinc salts are neutralized and the resulting precipitates are mixed with SiOa and/or its precursors followed by titanium silicate having specific surface area 5120 m’ig and/or ZiOz having specific surface area ~80 m2/g. The mixtures, after forming and drying, are subsequently fired. The agents exhibit high sulfur adsorption capacity, even under high temperature and they are useful for desulfurization of fuel gases from petroleum and coal.
Desulfurization method of coal gas and coal99103632 gasification desulfurization apparatus Nishida, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP IO 316,978 [98 316.9781 (Cl. ClOK1/34), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/130,928,21 May 1997,5 pp. (In Japanese) Comprising a coal gasifier, a water-washing apparatus for cleaning combustible fuel gas produced from the gasifier and a COS conversion apparatus for converting the COS in the fuel gas to HzS, the coalgasification desulfurization apparatus is characterized in that washing water in the water-washing apparatus is heated for washing the fuel gas supplied. Therefore, the humidity and temperature of the conversion reaction needed in the COS conversion apparatus is provided.
99193633 sorbents
Desulfurization of hot coal gas by using solid
Hartman, M. er al. Chem. L&y, 1999, 93, (2). 99-106. (In Czech) Effective methods for removal of HzS from the hot coal gas, particularly in the integrated gasification cycle process, are discussed and a number of solid sorbents are explored. Metals and their oxides are reviewed as potential HzS (and COS) sorbents. The sorbents fall into three main groups: solids containing alkali earth metals (calcium, barium. strontium), those containing transition metals (iron, zinc, manganese, copper and nickel) and mixed oxide compounds (e.g. zinc titanates and zinc ferrites). 99103634
Effect of the mine rock pressure on methane
evolution Robrovnikov, V. N. et al. Ugol’, 1998, (7), 53-55. (In Russian) As a result of increasing roof self-support and the length of the main roof strats cantilever, methane evolution rates depend on coal seam mining. It was discovered that the methane evolution rate does not depend on face advance rate.
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties,
recovery, treatment)
postulated gas quality requirements for IC engines cannot be safely achieved with state-of-the-art gas cleaning techniques and that 90% particle removal is easier to achieve than 90% tar removal. Except for the catalytic tar crackers, none of the investigated gas cleaning systems can securely meet a tar reduction exceeding 90%. Therefore one of the key issues for a successful application of biomass-derived producer gas from small scale gasifiers is the tar removal.
99103636 Gas refining apparatus Taya, A. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 80,760 199 80,760) (Cl. ClOL3/10),. 26 Mar 1999, Appl. 971249,720, 29 Aug 1997, 11 pp. (In Japanese) Gas refining apparatus for gas produced by coal or heavy oils gasification comprises a desulfurization tower for absorption removal of HzS contained in the gasification gas by gas-liquid contact with an absorption liquid. A washing tower washes the gas prior to the introduction to the desulfurization tower by gas-liquid contact with a washing liquid. A COS converter converts COS to HzS prior to flowing the gas to the washing tower.
Genesis of natural gas of eastern Changde gas field in northern Songliao basin
99103639
Huo, Q. et al. Shiyou Kanfan Yu Kaifa, 1998, 25, (4). 17-19. (In Chinese) CO? content in the eastern Changde gas pool is high (up to 90.38%) and methane is the main component of the hydrocarbon gases. The carbon isotope (6°C) of COz ranges from -4.06 to -6.61 and ‘HetHe from 3/9 x IO-’ to 4.5 x lo-“. Comparing with the coal-formed gas and oil-formed gas in Songliao basin and inorganic gas in the world, it can be seen that Oz in the eastern Changde gas pool is of inorganic genesis; it may come from mantle magma. However, hydrocarbon gas may be inorganic gas mixed with organic gas.
Geological controls on coalbed methane reservoir capacity and gas content
99iQ3640
Bustin, R. M. and Clarkson, C. R. Inl. J. Coal Geol., 1998, 38, (l-2) 3-26. For a series of Australian, Canadian and United States coals, the influence of coal composition and rank on coalbed methane reservoir capacity, gas content and gas saturation have been investigated. Little or no correlation between coal rank and methane adsorption capacity exists globally, contrary to common assumptions, although in particular basins there are general trends with rank and composition. Details of the investigation are given in full.
99163635 Effect of water vapor on the equilibrium between CaO and COS in coal gas Hartman, M. er al. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1999, 64, (I), 157167. In the removal of carbonyl sulfide from coal gas, the effectiveness of calcium oxide is estimated by thermochemical computations. It is assumed that the gas phase composition is determined by the equilibrium of the reactions of water vapour with calcium sulfide and carbonyl sulfide and by the water-gas-shift reaction. The proposed relationships can be employed in engineering considerations and calculations.
Evolution of the formation of gaseous hydrocarbons in the Earth’s history
99103636
Vyshemirskii, V. S. and Kontorovich, A. E. Geol. Geofiz., 1998, 39, (10). 1392-1401. (In Russian) The focus of this review is the stratigraphy of distribution of the world original discovered reserves of natural gas and suggests the existence of a cyclicity in the distribution. It is shown that 52% of the world gas reserves migrated. Taking into account this migration, the authors estimated the extent of gas formation in individual strati-graphic sub-units and the gas formation intensity. The evolution of gas formation is closely related to the evolution of oil formation and depends primarily on global tectonics. But in the Early Carboniferous-Late Cretaceous, when 78% of gas and 88% of coal formed, the role of tectonics was obscured by the effect of another factor which is expansion of surface plants deep into continents (Davitashvili’s ecogenesis theory). In this period, the intensity of gas formation closely correlated with the intensity of coal formation and in the other periods it was closely related to the intensity of oil formation.
Gas cleaning for IC engine applications from fixed 99103637 bed biomass gasification
Hasler, P. and Nussbaumer, T. Biomass and Eioenergy, 1999, 16, (6) 385395. Gas cleaning for tar and particle removal is necessary for internal combustion (IC) engine applications of producer gas from fixed bed biomass gasifiers which are usually in the capacity range from 100 kW up to 5000 kW. Tar and particle collection efficiencies have been determined in a sand bed filter, a wash tower, two different fabric filters and a rotational particle separator (RPS) in different test runs with fixed bed gasifiers. Tar adsorption on coke has been investigated in a fixed bed batch reactor. Furthermore, data from literature for catalytic tar crackers, venturi scrubbers, a rotational atomizer and a wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are given. Based on the presented gas cleaning efficiencies and the investment cost, an assessment of gas cleaning systems is made for IC engine applications from co-current gasifiers. The results show that the
99103641 High-temperature coal gas desulfurization using Cu-M-O-based sorbent. I. Sulfidatlon of Cu-Mn-0 based sorbent Wan., C. et al. Ran&no Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (5). 400-405. (In Chinese) Prepared by co-precipitation, copper manganese oxide sorbent is identified as a novel coal gas desulfurization sorbent at high temperature. The effects of H2S concentration, desulfurization temperature, gas space velocity and the particle size on desulfurization reactivity and sulfur capacity of copper manganese oxide sorbents are investigated. Desulfurization reaction rate and gas space velocity seem to be in direct proportion to the concentration of HzS. However, the relationship between reaction rate and desulfurization temperature is not so simple. When the desulfurization temperature is below 600°C, the reaction rate is speeded up with increasing temperature, while the opposite is true at high temperature after desulfurization. The H2S concentration in the exit gas can be reduced to l-2 ppm, therefore copper manganese oxide sorbents can meet the requirement in gas quality for integrated gasification combined cycle process.
High-temperature coal gas desulfurization using Cu-M-O-based sorbent. II. Regeneration conditions of Cu-fuln0 sorbent
99103642
Wan, C. ef al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (5), 406-410. (In Chinese) Copper manganese oxide sorbent can be simply regenerated using air and Nz. Regeneration is carried out in air oxidation at 650°C and the following Nz purge at 750°C. The space velocity recommended for air oxidation is 850 hh’ and 1500 hh’ for Nz purge. After ten-cycle and three-cycle experiments in desulfurization and regeneration, the regeneration method was found to be simple and the regenerated sorbent continued to display better desulfurization property.
Hot gas cleaning for combined cycle processes based on pressurrzed coal combustion at elevated temperatures
99103643
Gudenau, H. W. et al. Wiss. Urnwelt, 1997, (2), 139-145. (In German) For the cleaning of hot flue gas from pressurized coal combustion, a process was developed with a wet scrubber using molten slag as scrubber fluid. Small dust particles and gaseous components which originate from the coal combustion are agglomerated with the molten slag. The viscosity of the scrubber fluid, the integration of gaseous contaminants in slags and the resistance of various refractory materials were investigated.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1999 366
Desulfurization method of coal gas and coal99103632 gasification desulfurization apparatus Nishida, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP IO 316,978 [98 316.9781 (Cl. ClOK1/34), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/130,928,21 May 1997,5 pp. (In Japanese) Comprising a coal gasifier, a water-washing apparatus for cleaning combustible fuel gas produced from the gasifier and a COS conversion apparatus for converting the COS in the fuel gas to HzS, the coalgasification desulfurization apparatus is characterized in that washing water in the water-washing apparatus is heated for washing the fuel gas supplied. Therefore, the humidity and temperature of the conversion reaction needed in the COS conversion apparatus is provided.
99193633 sorbents
Desulfurization of hot coal gas by using solid
Hartman, M. er al. Chem. L&y, 1999, 93, (2). 99-106. (In Czech) Effective methods for removal of HzS from the hot coal gas, particularly in the integrated gasification cycle process, are discussed and a number of solid sorbents are explored. Metals and their oxides are reviewed as potential HzS (and COS) sorbents. The sorbents fall into three main groups: solids containing alkali earth metals (calcium, barium. strontium), those containing transition metals (iron, zinc, manganese, copper and nickel) and mixed oxide compounds (e.g. zinc titanates and zinc ferrites). 99103634
Effect of the mine rock pressure on methane
evolution Robrovnikov, V. N. et al. Ugol’, 1998, (7), 53-55. (In Russian) As a result of increasing roof self-support and the length of the main roof strats cantilever, methane evolution rates depend on coal seam mining. It was discovered that the methane evolution rate does not depend on face advance rate.
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties,
recovery, treatment)
postulated gas quality requirements for IC engines cannot be safely achieved with state-of-the-art gas cleaning techniques and that 90% particle removal is easier to achieve than 90% tar removal. Except for the catalytic tar crackers, none of the investigated gas cleaning systems can securely meet a tar reduction exceeding 90%. Therefore one of the key issues for a successful application of biomass-derived producer gas from small scale gasifiers is the tar removal.
99103636 Gas refining apparatus Taya, A. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 80,760 199 80,760) (Cl. ClOL3/10),. 26 Mar 1999, Appl. 971249,720, 29 Aug 1997, 11 pp. (In Japanese) Gas refining apparatus for gas produced by coal or heavy oils gasification comprises a desulfurization tower for absorption removal of HzS contained in the gasification gas by gas-liquid contact with an absorption liquid. A washing tower washes the gas prior to the introduction to the desulfurization tower by gas-liquid contact with a washing liquid. A COS converter converts COS to HzS prior to flowing the gas to the washing tower.
Genesis of natural gas of eastern Changde gas field in northern Songliao basin
99103639
Huo, Q. et al. Shiyou Kanfan Yu Kaifa, 1998, 25, (4). 17-19. (In Chinese) CO? content in the eastern Changde gas pool is high (up to 90.38%) and methane is the main component of the hydrocarbon gases. The carbon isotope (6°C) of COz ranges from -4.06 to -6.61 and ‘HetHe from 3/9 x IO-’ to 4.5 x lo-“. Comparing with the coal-formed gas and oil-formed gas in Songliao basin and inorganic gas in the world, it can be seen that Oz in the eastern Changde gas pool is of inorganic genesis; it may come from mantle magma. However, hydrocarbon gas may be inorganic gas mixed with organic gas.
Geological controls on coalbed methane reservoir capacity and gas content
99iQ3640
Bustin, R. M. and Clarkson, C. R. Inl. J. Coal Geol., 1998, 38, (l-2) 3-26. For a series of Australian, Canadian and United States coals, the influence of coal composition and rank on coalbed methane reservoir capacity, gas content and gas saturation have been investigated. Little or no correlation between coal rank and methane adsorption capacity exists globally, contrary to common assumptions, although in particular basins there are general trends with rank and composition. Details of the investigation are given in full.
99163635 Effect of water vapor on the equilibrium between CaO and COS in coal gas Hartman, M. er al. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1999, 64, (I), 157167. In the removal of carbonyl sulfide from coal gas, the effectiveness of calcium oxide is estimated by thermochemical computations. It is assumed that the gas phase composition is determined by the equilibrium of the reactions of water vapour with calcium sulfide and carbonyl sulfide and by the water-gas-shift reaction. The proposed relationships can be employed in engineering considerations and calculations.
Evolution of the formation of gaseous hydrocarbons in the Earth’s history
99103636
Vyshemirskii, V. S. and Kontorovich, A. E. Geol. Geofiz., 1998, 39, (10). 1392-1401. (In Russian) The focus of this review is the stratigraphy of distribution of the world original discovered reserves of natural gas and suggests the existence of a cyclicity in the distribution. It is shown that 52% of the world gas reserves migrated. Taking into account this migration, the authors estimated the extent of gas formation in individual strati-graphic sub-units and the gas formation intensity. The evolution of gas formation is closely related to the evolution of oil formation and depends primarily on global tectonics. But in the Early Carboniferous-Late Cretaceous, when 78% of gas and 88% of coal formed, the role of tectonics was obscured by the effect of another factor which is expansion of surface plants deep into continents (Davitashvili’s ecogenesis theory). In this period, the intensity of gas formation closely correlated with the intensity of coal formation and in the other periods it was closely related to the intensity of oil formation.
Gas cleaning for IC engine applications from fixed 99103637 bed biomass gasification
Hasler, P. and Nussbaumer, T. Biomass and Eioenergy, 1999, 16, (6) 385395. Gas cleaning for tar and particle removal is necessary for internal combustion (IC) engine applications of producer gas from fixed bed biomass gasifiers which are usually in the capacity range from 100 kW up to 5000 kW. Tar and particle collection efficiencies have been determined in a sand bed filter, a wash tower, two different fabric filters and a rotational particle separator (RPS) in different test runs with fixed bed gasifiers. Tar adsorption on coke has been investigated in a fixed bed batch reactor. Furthermore, data from literature for catalytic tar crackers, venturi scrubbers, a rotational atomizer and a wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are given. Based on the presented gas cleaning efficiencies and the investment cost, an assessment of gas cleaning systems is made for IC engine applications from co-current gasifiers. The results show that the
99103641 High-temperature coal gas desulfurization using Cu-M-O-based sorbent. I. Sulfidatlon of Cu-Mn-0 based sorbent Wan., C. et al. Ran&no Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (5). 400-405. (In Chinese) Prepared by co-precipitation, copper manganese oxide sorbent is identified as a novel coal gas desulfurization sorbent at high temperature. The effects of H2S concentration, desulfurization temperature, gas space velocity and the particle size on desulfurization reactivity and sulfur capacity of copper manganese oxide sorbents are investigated. Desulfurization reaction rate and gas space velocity seem to be in direct proportion to the concentration of HzS. However, the relationship between reaction rate and desulfurization temperature is not so simple. When the desulfurization temperature is below 600°C, the reaction rate is speeded up with increasing temperature, while the opposite is true at high temperature after desulfurization. The H2S concentration in the exit gas can be reduced to l-2 ppm, therefore copper manganese oxide sorbents can meet the requirement in gas quality for integrated gasification combined cycle process.
High-temperature coal gas desulfurization using Cu-M-O-based sorbent. II. Regeneration conditions of Cu-fuln0 sorbent
99103642
Wan, C. ef al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (5), 406-410. (In Chinese) Copper manganese oxide sorbent can be simply regenerated using air and Nz. Regeneration is carried out in air oxidation at 650°C and the following Nz purge at 750°C. The space velocity recommended for air oxidation is 850 hh’ and 1500 hh’ for Nz purge. After ten-cycle and three-cycle experiments in desulfurization and regeneration, the regeneration method was found to be simple and the regenerated sorbent continued to display better desulfurization property.
Hot gas cleaning for combined cycle processes based on pressurrzed coal combustion at elevated temperatures
99103643
Gudenau, H. W. et al. Wiss. Urnwelt, 1997, (2), 139-145. (In German) For the cleaning of hot flue gas from pressurized coal combustion, a process was developed with a wet scrubber using molten slag as scrubber fluid. Small dust particles and gaseous components which originate from the coal combustion are agglomerated with the molten slag. The viscosity of the scrubber fluid, the integration of gaseous contaminants in slags and the resistance of various refractory materials were investigated.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1999 366