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01018 Air-feed control for underground gasification of coal
03
Advanced pressurized circulating 97/01015 system: beyond the demonstration stage
fluidized
bed
Ahdulally. I. F. and Alkan, I., Proc. Inr. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comhu,sf., 1995, I3 (I), 625~h36. This paper describes the preceding experience and consideration given in each stage toward the imminent commercialization of the advanced pressurized circulating fluidized bed system.
Air blown gasification cycle 97101016 Dawes, S. C. et al. Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comh~t.sf.. 19%. 13, (2), 1275-1282. Discusses the Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABCC)-a hybrid partial gasification cycle based on a novel. air hlown pressurized fluidized bed gasifier (PFBG) with a circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) to burn the residual char horn the PFBG. The ABGC has been developed primarily as a clean coal generation system and embodies a sulfur capture mechanism hased on the addition of limestone, or other sorbent, to the PFBC where it is sulfided in the reducing atmosphere. followed by oxidation to a stable sulfate residue in the CFBC. 97/01017 Carctte.
The air blown gasification Y. rr ul.
IMcchE
Srmrn.
cycle
199f1, (3. Energy for the Zlst Century),
I I I-IX). This artricle reviews the process, the current status of the component development activities. the expected performance of both prototype and commercial plants. and immediate plans for the future.
97/01018 coal
Air-feed
control
for
underground
gasification
of
20 Zakorshmennyj. I. M. et al. U.S.S.R. SU 1, 760, 787 (Cl. E21843/295), Feb 1996. Appl. 4. 862. 848, X Jun 1990. (In Russian) From Izohrefenja, IYYh. (5). 2x9.
97/01019 data-base
Analysis of HYCOL’s for coal gasification
long
run results
using
the
Kohayashi. M. er ol. Sek,fan K~gukrr /Gig/ Happyo Ronhunrhu. 1994. 31. 52-55 (In Japanese). Provides a discussion of long-run gasification results based on carbon conversion. coal/oxygen ratios. and cold efficiency. 97/01020 Apparatus for slag deposit
for coal gasification
with fluidized
bed
Ueda. A. er nl. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 134, 472 [96, 134, 4721 (Cl. CiOJ3/ 4h). 28 May lY96. Appl. 941300. lY3. 10 NW lY94, IO pp (In Japanese). The apparatus described in this work includes a means for supplying a solid material (e.g. ashes) capable of melting together with slag in a gasification section. to a heat-transfer surface in a heat recovery section from the outlet of the gasification section to remove slag deposits.
97lOlO21 Apparatus desulfurization
for coal gasification
with moving bed for
Tauchama, Y. cf nl. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OX. 134. 473 [Yn, 134, 4731 (Cl. CIOJ3/46), 28 May 1996. Appl. Y41273.497.8 Nov 1994,8 pp (In Japanese). This article describes an apparatus which includes a moving bed supplied with coal together with desulfurization agent and oxidizing gas for gasification and desulfurization; a means for monitoring continuously the concentration of alkali compounds. in the product gases: and a means for supplying sorbent (e.g. ashes containing alumina and silica) into a contacting section for adsorbing alkali compounds in the product gases in a controlled manner hased on the signals received by the monitoring apparatus.
97101022 Apparatus for gasification with fractioning means
of liquefied
natural
gas
Hisakado, Y. ef ul. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 269, 468 (96, 269, 4h8] (Cl. ClOL3106). IS Ott 1996, Appl. 95173, X26, 30 Mar 1995, II pp (In Japanese). Details an apparatus which includes an evaporator for liquefied natural gas (LNG); a gas-liquid separator; a heater for heating the separated gas; a pressure control means arranged downstream the separator; and a gasifier for the gasification of LNG mixed with the separated liquid as a caloricadjusting agent.
97101023
Apparatus
for pressure
gasification
97101024
Apparatus
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
for pyrolytic
gasification
of solid fuels
Tomita, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 291. 290 [96, 291, 2901 (Cl. CIOBS3/02), 5 Nov 1996, Appl. 951130. 971, 21 Apr 1995, 3 pp (In Japanese). Discloses details of an apparatus which comprises d means for feeding solid fuels (especially, coal, wood chips or papers) and gasifying agents (Oz or 02-enriched air) into a moving-bed gasifier with vertical rotary grids, a means for driving the rotary grids in the center of a adiabatic cylindrical furnace, a means for holding radiant heat-exchange tubes surrounding the furnace wall, and a means for discharging the molten slags from the furnace hottom.
97101025 tion
Apparatus
with injection
nozzle
for coal gasifica-
Yokohama, K. PI al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OX, 26Y, 4h6 [Yo, 269. 4661 (Cl. ClOJ3/46), IS Ott 1996, Appl. 05171. 332. 2Y Mar 1995, 4 pp (In Japanese). Describes an apparatus utilizing downward-pointing nozzles (O-25”) for the injection of a mixture of fuel and gasifying agent.
Basic design model of entrained-bed 97101026 tion system in IGCC power plant
coal gasifica-
Kim. H. T. EI crl.. Proc. Infer-.soc. I:rzet;p. Cm~~vx. Etrg. (‘on/‘., I YYh. 3 1, 2051-2055. This article proposes the basic design model of an entrained-bed coal gasification system. The present design model is composed of three major design modules for coal/oxidizer burner nozzle, gasifier with refractory. preheater, slag discharge hopper and product gas quenching system. Using the present design model, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the influences of gasification system design variables on the performance parameters of key components.
97101027 gasifier
Basic studies
on slagging
phenomena
in the coal
Cm/ (‘onf., IYYS. 12. X93Kurimura, M. r/ al. Proc. Annu. In,. Pimhuqh 898 Made use of information concerning the relationship between operating condition of the gasifier and coal slagging properties to obtain the knowledge concerning moderate operating conditions in a 2 tonnes/day bench-scale PDU (Process Development Unit) gasifier. SEM photos taken of slagging led to the finding that slagging occurs when ash particles stuck on the wall are melted and sintered. Slagging most easily occurs when the internal gas temperature is in the range of the coal ash fusion temperature The slag growth rate increases with an increasing amount of pass-through ash in the reducing zone of the gasifier (located above the combustion zone). Changes in the design of the gasifier to decrease the amount of passthrough ash in the reducing zone (per cross-sectional area) should decrease the degree of slagging in the upper portion of the gasifier and thus increase long-term gasifier performance.
Calcined dolomite, magnesite, and calcite for cleaning hot gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier with steam: life and usefulness 97101028
Delgado, J. er ul. Ind. Eng. Chent. Rey., 1996, 3i, (IO). 3fi37-3643. Variations of the activities of calcined dolomites, limestones and magnesites (used for cleaning raw hot gas from biomass gasifiers with steam) with time-onstream were studied. The lives of these solids were studied at different temperatures, space times, particle diameters. and types of solid. A comparison is made between the effectiveness of these calcined minerals and that of an inert material (silica sand) and a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsoe).
Calcined dolomite, magnesite, and calcite for 97101029 hot gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier with cleanin steam: I!rfe and usefulness Delgado, J. et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Rrs.. IYYo, 3.5. ( IO), 3n37-3643. simultaneous coke formation and coke Under some circumstances, elimination hy steam gasification increased the life of calcined dolomites. limestones and magnesites (naturally occurring catalysts used, in this study. in cleaning hot gas from a fluidized bed hiomass gasifter). The lives of these solids were studied at different temperatures (800-880 ), space times (0.080.32 kg dolomite/h-m’), particle diameters (l-4 mm), and types of solid. The effectiveness of these calcined minerals was compared with that of an inert material (silica sand) and with a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsoe).
of solid fuels
Kowoll. J. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 716. 13X (Cl. ClOJ3/86). I2 Jun 1996, Appl. 941 117. 069. 28 Ott 1994, 6 pp. (In German) An apparatus is described which consists of a gasification reactor, a quenching apparatus for crude gas exiting the reactor, and heat exchangers. The quenching apparatus contains a mixing tube for the mixing of crude gas with a quenching gas. The mixing tube is concentrically surrounded by the gas-cooling heat exchanger which contains a feeding device for a driving gas. A partial stream of the crude gas-quenching gas mixture is recycled, fed through the feeding device into the heat exchanger, cooled, and introduced into the mixing tube as the quenching gas. The optimum gas rate in the mixing tube is h-10 m/s.
Carbonate 97/01030 grated gasification
fuel-cell
system
with
thermally
inte-
U.S. US 5, 554, 453 (Cl. 429.17: HOlM8104). IO Sep Steinfeld. G. et al. 1996, Appl. 368, 430, 4 Jan 1995, 7 pp. Describes a system which comprises a fuel cell with an anode and a cathode compartment, a gasifier for generating fuel gas for the fuel cell and a catalytic burner means. The catalytic burner means receives the exhaust gas from the anode compartment of the fuel cell and burns it and an oxidant gas to generate and directly transfer heat to gases generated by the gasifier. The gasifier is a catalytic coal or a biomass gasifier.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
85
Advanced pressurized circulating 97/01015 system: beyond the demonstration stage
fluidized
bed
Ahdulally. I. F. and Alkan, I., Proc. Inr. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comhu,sf., 1995, I3 (I), 625~h36. This paper describes the preceding experience and consideration given in each stage toward the imminent commercialization of the advanced pressurized circulating fluidized bed system.
Air blown gasification cycle 97101016 Dawes, S. C. et al. Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comh~t.sf.. 19%. 13, (2), 1275-1282. Discusses the Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABCC)-a hybrid partial gasification cycle based on a novel. air hlown pressurized fluidized bed gasifier (PFBG) with a circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) to burn the residual char horn the PFBG. The ABGC has been developed primarily as a clean coal generation system and embodies a sulfur capture mechanism hased on the addition of limestone, or other sorbent, to the PFBC where it is sulfided in the reducing atmosphere. followed by oxidation to a stable sulfate residue in the CFBC. 97/01017 Carctte.
The air blown gasification Y. rr ul.
IMcchE
Srmrn.
cycle
199f1, (3. Energy for the Zlst Century),
I I I-IX). This artricle reviews the process, the current status of the component development activities. the expected performance of both prototype and commercial plants. and immediate plans for the future.
97/01018 coal
Air-feed
control
for
underground
gasification
of
20 Zakorshmennyj. I. M. et al. U.S.S.R. SU 1, 760, 787 (Cl. E21843/295), Feb 1996. Appl. 4. 862. 848, X Jun 1990. (In Russian) From Izohrefenja, IYYh. (5). 2x9.
97/01019 data-base
Analysis of HYCOL’s for coal gasification
long
run results
using
the
Kohayashi. M. er ol. Sek,fan K~gukrr /Gig/ Happyo Ronhunrhu. 1994. 31. 52-55 (In Japanese). Provides a discussion of long-run gasification results based on carbon conversion. coal/oxygen ratios. and cold efficiency. 97/01020 Apparatus for slag deposit
for coal gasification
with fluidized
bed
Ueda. A. er nl. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 134, 472 [96, 134, 4721 (Cl. CiOJ3/ 4h). 28 May lY96. Appl. 941300. lY3. 10 NW lY94, IO pp (In Japanese). The apparatus described in this work includes a means for supplying a solid material (e.g. ashes) capable of melting together with slag in a gasification section. to a heat-transfer surface in a heat recovery section from the outlet of the gasification section to remove slag deposits.
97lOlO21 Apparatus desulfurization
for coal gasification
with moving bed for
Tauchama, Y. cf nl. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OX. 134. 473 [Yn, 134, 4731 (Cl. CIOJ3/46), 28 May 1996. Appl. Y41273.497.8 Nov 1994,8 pp (In Japanese). This article describes an apparatus which includes a moving bed supplied with coal together with desulfurization agent and oxidizing gas for gasification and desulfurization; a means for monitoring continuously the concentration of alkali compounds. in the product gases: and a means for supplying sorbent (e.g. ashes containing alumina and silica) into a contacting section for adsorbing alkali compounds in the product gases in a controlled manner hased on the signals received by the monitoring apparatus.
97101022 Apparatus for gasification with fractioning means
of liquefied
natural
gas
Hisakado, Y. ef ul. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 269, 468 (96, 269, 4h8] (Cl. ClOL3106). IS Ott 1996, Appl. 95173, X26, 30 Mar 1995, II pp (In Japanese). Details an apparatus which includes an evaporator for liquefied natural gas (LNG); a gas-liquid separator; a heater for heating the separated gas; a pressure control means arranged downstream the separator; and a gasifier for the gasification of LNG mixed with the separated liquid as a caloricadjusting agent.
97101023
Apparatus
for pressure
gasification
97101024
Apparatus
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
for pyrolytic
gasification
of solid fuels
Tomita, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 291. 290 [96, 291, 2901 (Cl. CIOBS3/02), 5 Nov 1996, Appl. 951130. 971, 21 Apr 1995, 3 pp (In Japanese). Discloses details of an apparatus which comprises d means for feeding solid fuels (especially, coal, wood chips or papers) and gasifying agents (Oz or 02-enriched air) into a moving-bed gasifier with vertical rotary grids, a means for driving the rotary grids in the center of a adiabatic cylindrical furnace, a means for holding radiant heat-exchange tubes surrounding the furnace wall, and a means for discharging the molten slags from the furnace hottom.
97101025 tion
Apparatus
with injection
nozzle
for coal gasifica-
Yokohama, K. PI al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OX, 26Y, 4h6 [Yo, 269. 4661 (Cl. ClOJ3/46), IS Ott 1996, Appl. 05171. 332. 2Y Mar 1995, 4 pp (In Japanese). Describes an apparatus utilizing downward-pointing nozzles (O-25”) for the injection of a mixture of fuel and gasifying agent.
Basic design model of entrained-bed 97101026 tion system in IGCC power plant
coal gasifica-
Kim. H. T. EI crl.. Proc. Infer-.soc. I:rzet;p. Cm~~vx. Etrg. (‘on/‘., I YYh. 3 1, 2051-2055. This article proposes the basic design model of an entrained-bed coal gasification system. The present design model is composed of three major design modules for coal/oxidizer burner nozzle, gasifier with refractory. preheater, slag discharge hopper and product gas quenching system. Using the present design model, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the influences of gasification system design variables on the performance parameters of key components.
97101027 gasifier
Basic studies
on slagging
phenomena
in the coal
Cm/ (‘onf., IYYS. 12. X93Kurimura, M. r/ al. Proc. Annu. In,. Pimhuqh 898 Made use of information concerning the relationship between operating condition of the gasifier and coal slagging properties to obtain the knowledge concerning moderate operating conditions in a 2 tonnes/day bench-scale PDU (Process Development Unit) gasifier. SEM photos taken of slagging led to the finding that slagging occurs when ash particles stuck on the wall are melted and sintered. Slagging most easily occurs when the internal gas temperature is in the range of the coal ash fusion temperature The slag growth rate increases with an increasing amount of pass-through ash in the reducing zone of the gasifier (located above the combustion zone). Changes in the design of the gasifier to decrease the amount of passthrough ash in the reducing zone (per cross-sectional area) should decrease the degree of slagging in the upper portion of the gasifier and thus increase long-term gasifier performance.
Calcined dolomite, magnesite, and calcite for cleaning hot gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier with steam: life and usefulness 97101028
Delgado, J. er ul. Ind. Eng. Chent. Rey., 1996, 3i, (IO). 3fi37-3643. Variations of the activities of calcined dolomites, limestones and magnesites (used for cleaning raw hot gas from biomass gasifiers with steam) with time-onstream were studied. The lives of these solids were studied at different temperatures, space times, particle diameters. and types of solid. A comparison is made between the effectiveness of these calcined minerals and that of an inert material (silica sand) and a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsoe).
Calcined dolomite, magnesite, and calcite for 97101029 hot gas from a fluidized bed biomass gasifier with cleanin steam: I!rfe and usefulness Delgado, J. et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Rrs.. IYYo, 3.5. ( IO), 3n37-3643. simultaneous coke formation and coke Under some circumstances, elimination hy steam gasification increased the life of calcined dolomites. limestones and magnesites (naturally occurring catalysts used, in this study. in cleaning hot gas from a fluidized bed hiomass gasifter). The lives of these solids were studied at different temperatures (800-880 ), space times (0.080.32 kg dolomite/h-m’), particle diameters (l-4 mm), and types of solid. The effectiveness of these calcined minerals was compared with that of an inert material (silica sand) and with a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsoe).
of solid fuels
Kowoll. J. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 716. 13X (Cl. ClOJ3/86). I2 Jun 1996, Appl. 941 117. 069. 28 Ott 1994, 6 pp. (In German) An apparatus is described which consists of a gasification reactor, a quenching apparatus for crude gas exiting the reactor, and heat exchangers. The quenching apparatus contains a mixing tube for the mixing of crude gas with a quenching gas. The mixing tube is concentrically surrounded by the gas-cooling heat exchanger which contains a feeding device for a driving gas. A partial stream of the crude gas-quenching gas mixture is recycled, fed through the feeding device into the heat exchanger, cooled, and introduced into the mixing tube as the quenching gas. The optimum gas rate in the mixing tube is h-10 m/s.
Carbonate 97/01030 grated gasification
fuel-cell
system
with
thermally
inte-
U.S. US 5, 554, 453 (Cl. 429.17: HOlM8104). IO Sep Steinfeld. G. et al. 1996, Appl. 368, 430, 4 Jan 1995, 7 pp. Describes a system which comprises a fuel cell with an anode and a cathode compartment, a gasifier for generating fuel gas for the fuel cell and a catalytic burner means. The catalytic burner means receives the exhaust gas from the anode compartment of the fuel cell and burns it and an oxidant gas to generate and directly transfer heat to gases generated by the gasifier. The gasifier is a catalytic coal or a biomass gasifier.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
85