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00273 Coal gasifying apparatus
03
Catalysis of limestone in steam coal gasification 98iOO269 Feng, J. et al. Taiyuan Gongye Dame Xuebao, 1996,27, (4), 50-56, 60. (In Chinese) DTA in combination with GC was used to study the coal gasification in steam in the presence of JYS, XZS, DSS, and SNS limestone. The results showed that limestones have a function of catalysis on coal gasification, and JYS limestone showed the best results. No definite correlation, however, was found between the Ca/S ratio and the extent of catalysis. Soaking limestone with aqueous NaCl or NazCO, solution before using promoted the catalysis. A cleaner technology for production of LPG + AIR 98/00270 for use as city gas source Han, G. and Shi, Z. Shonghui Huanjing Kexue, 1997, 16, (2), 22-23. (In Chinese) Technology for producing a LPG-air mixed gas for use as city gas was used to replace the conventional method of horizontal furnace for coal gas production. This was beneficial to alleviating urban air pollution. The emission of SOz, NO,, and COD Mn and the contents of NHs-N, oil, and CN- in the surface water were used as criteria for assessment for the new technology. COP removal and fixation. Solar high temperature 98100271 syngas generation for fuel synthesis Weimer, T. et al. Energy Cowers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996), s379-S384. Liquid fuel generation is an interesting extension for the use of remote solar energy sources, because an existing infrastructure for transportation and distribution is available. Two processes for climate neutral methanol synthesis working with high temperature processes for syngas generation from COz and water are described. They offer a better efficiency for the use of solar energy compared to alternative processes with higher electricity demand. The COz enrichment from the atmosphere has a higher energy demand compared to the recovery from concentrated emissions, but the use of solar energy for the enrichment process leads to the decision to use atmospheric COz. Coal gasification characteristics in an internally 98lOO272 circulating fluidized bed with draught tube Kim, Y. J. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (ll), 1067-1073. Gasification of Australian coal was conducted at atmospheric pressure in an internally circulating fluidized bed and a gas separator over the draught tube. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen/coal mass ratio, coal feed rate and steam/coal mass ratio on composition of product gas, carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency and gas yield and calorific value were determined. Coal gasifying apparatus 9aloQ273 Egashira, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,157,665 [97,157,665] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 17 Jun 1997, Appl. 95/323,334, 12 Dee 1995,4 pp. (In Japanese) The apparatus consists of a pyrolysis furnace connected on top of a gasifier. It comprises a major cyclone connected at the outlet of produced gas from the pyrolysis furnace, an auxiliary cyclone connected with the major cyclone by an air-pumping pipe below the major cyclone, and means for collecting chars from the auxiliary cyclone for feeding to the gasifier for combustion. Coal-gasification power plant using entrained-bed 9aml274 furnace Nishida, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,194,854 [97,194,854] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 29 Jul 1997, Appl. 96110,594, 25 Jan 1996, 6 pp. (In Japanese) A heat exchanger is installed in the power plant for cooling a part of the coal gas. This gas is produced by coal gasification and treated by dedusting, to give a recycling quenching gas and a booster for pressurizing and supplying the gas to the coal gasification furnace. An oxidant, a coaltransporting gas, or a powdered coal-heating gas may be used as a heat exchange medium for improving the plant efficiency. The recycling quenching gas prevents coal ash from attaching to a furnace wall, etc., without reducing the plant efficiency.
Combined drying of fuel charge for gasification and 98lOQ275 fuel gas cooling Liebisch, G. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,612,346 (Cl. ClOJ3100). 2 Ott 1997, Appl. 19.612.346, 28 Mar 1996, 4 pp. (In German) A crude fuel gas was passed through a layer of a wet solid fuel charge and moisture from the charge was evaporated, and the exiting fuel gas is cooled. The charge is dried and also functions as a filter and removes entrained dust and tar from the fuel gas. The fuel charge can be periodically or continuously removed. Preferably, the gas is passed through a first layer of pre-dried and pre-heated fuel and a second layer of the fresh wet fuel. The procedure is useful for preparation of the fuel charge which is not suitable for gasification due to its high moisture content.
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
98lOO276 Demkolec demo IGCC in Buggenum, the Netherlands: a status report Pastoors, H. Mater. High Temperature, 1997. 14, (2), 79. Since early 1994, the Demkolec demo IGCC unit has been in operation and the first years of operation with this unit are being used for a demonstration programme. The main topic to be shown in the remaining year of the demonstration period is the availability of the unit. An overview of the project status and achievements so far is provided. 9aloa277 Dense perovskite membrane reactors for partial oxidation of methane to syngas Tsai, C.-Y. ef al. AIChE .I., 1997, 43, (llA), 2741-2750. A mixed-conducting perovskite dense membrane reactor was used to perform the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. It took place at 850°C in which oxygen was separated from air and simultaneously fed into the methane stream. Deep oxidation products were obtained from a Laaz Baas Fe,,.s Coo.2 0s_~ disk-shaped membrane reactor without catalyst, with a 4.6% CH4 inlet stream. A downstream catalytic bed was added to further reform to syngas. Packing the 5% NilAlzOs catalyst directly on the membrane reaction-side surface resulted in a slow fivefold increase in Oz permeation, and a fourfold increase in CHI conversion. XRD, EDS, and SEM analyses revealed structure and composition changes on the membrane surfaces. Oxygen continuously transported from the air side appeared to stabilize the membrane interior, and the reactor was operated for up to 850 h.
98lQO278 Drunkard’s Wash project: coalbed methane production for Ferron Coals in east-central Utah, USA Lamarre, R. A. and Burns, T. D. PETROTECH-97, Proc. Int. Pet. Conf. Exhib., 2nd, 1997,4, 559-587. Edited by Swamy, S. N. and Dwivedi, P. B. R., Publishing Corp., Delhi, India. Dry, coalbed methane gas is produced in the Drunkard’s Wash Unit from coals within the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shales. The field is being developed on 160 acre spacing units with 89 wells currently producing 327 Mcfid for an average of 416 Mcf/d. Most of the wells show a classic coalbed methane negative decline curve with increasing gas rates as the reservoir pressure declines due to production of water. All wells are cased and hydraulically simulated and most require pumping units to handle the large volumes of water. However, 27 wells do not require pumps and flow unassisted to the surface. Ferron coals have an average in-place gas content of 400 Scfit, a level higher than anticipated for this rank and depth of coals. Isotopic studies of the gas suggest that the gas is thermogenic in origin. It is believed that thermogenic gas from higher rank coals deeper in the basin has migrated up to the coal pinchout. 9ai99279 ELCOGAS IGCC plant in Puertollano, Spain Mendez-Vigo, I. et al. Mater. High Temperature, 1997, 14, (2), 81-86. The material issues of the gasifier are covered following a brief description of the current status of the 335 MW, gross Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant under construction in Puertollano, Spain. The project is supported by the European Commission through the EMIE programme. A phased construction was adopted for the project with the combined cycle island operating on natural gas being connected to the Spanish grid in the Autumn of 1996. The gasification island and the air separation unit will be commissioned in 1997 and it is envisaged to connect the IGCC plant, operating on a mixture of coal and petroleum coke, to the Spanish grid in the Autumn of 1997. The gasification is based on the PRENFLO entrained-flow process with dry fuel dust feeding and is supplied by Krupp Koppers of Germany. A proposed programme that will be implemented to follow the performance of the materials is outlined and the programme will take place over a period of up to five years providing long term ‘real-plant’ data that can be used in the evaluation of the technology and in the evaluation of the short-term results of laboratory trials and pilot plant studies.
99lQO28Q An extensive study on Raney Cu-Co catalysts for synthesis of higher alcohols from coal based syngas Wang, F.-Y. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1995, 20, 489-498. The paper describes the preparation of Raney Cu-Co catalysts of different Cu-Co ratio. They were tested for the synthesis of higher alcohols and subsequently characterized by XRD, XPS, and Hz-TPD. Based on the results obtained. the nature of CO insertion sites has been discussed.
98100281 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysis Dasandhi, Y. C. and Bandyopadhyay, P. CEW, dhemica[ Eng. World, 1997, 32, (l), 47-52. (In Indian) For the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons, the F-T reaction is an important technical reaction. Therefore, the studies continue, focusing on improving catalysts. In this study, Indian iron ores, magnetite and hematite were used and their activities were compared with that of the conventional precipitated iron catalyst. The activity of the catalysts, particularly magnetite ore based, are comparable to that of the precipitated catalyst obtained from ferric nitrate salt.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1998
23
Catalysis of limestone in steam coal gasification 98iOO269 Feng, J. et al. Taiyuan Gongye Dame Xuebao, 1996,27, (4), 50-56, 60. (In Chinese) DTA in combination with GC was used to study the coal gasification in steam in the presence of JYS, XZS, DSS, and SNS limestone. The results showed that limestones have a function of catalysis on coal gasification, and JYS limestone showed the best results. No definite correlation, however, was found between the Ca/S ratio and the extent of catalysis. Soaking limestone with aqueous NaCl or NazCO, solution before using promoted the catalysis. A cleaner technology for production of LPG + AIR 98/00270 for use as city gas source Han, G. and Shi, Z. Shonghui Huanjing Kexue, 1997, 16, (2), 22-23. (In Chinese) Technology for producing a LPG-air mixed gas for use as city gas was used to replace the conventional method of horizontal furnace for coal gas production. This was beneficial to alleviating urban air pollution. The emission of SOz, NO,, and COD Mn and the contents of NHs-N, oil, and CN- in the surface water were used as criteria for assessment for the new technology. COP removal and fixation. Solar high temperature 98100271 syngas generation for fuel synthesis Weimer, T. et al. Energy Cowers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996), s379-S384. Liquid fuel generation is an interesting extension for the use of remote solar energy sources, because an existing infrastructure for transportation and distribution is available. Two processes for climate neutral methanol synthesis working with high temperature processes for syngas generation from COz and water are described. They offer a better efficiency for the use of solar energy compared to alternative processes with higher electricity demand. The COz enrichment from the atmosphere has a higher energy demand compared to the recovery from concentrated emissions, but the use of solar energy for the enrichment process leads to the decision to use atmospheric COz. Coal gasification characteristics in an internally 98lOO272 circulating fluidized bed with draught tube Kim, Y. J. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (ll), 1067-1073. Gasification of Australian coal was conducted at atmospheric pressure in an internally circulating fluidized bed and a gas separator over the draught tube. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen/coal mass ratio, coal feed rate and steam/coal mass ratio on composition of product gas, carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency and gas yield and calorific value were determined. Coal gasifying apparatus 9aloQ273 Egashira, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,157,665 [97,157,665] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 17 Jun 1997, Appl. 95/323,334, 12 Dee 1995,4 pp. (In Japanese) The apparatus consists of a pyrolysis furnace connected on top of a gasifier. It comprises a major cyclone connected at the outlet of produced gas from the pyrolysis furnace, an auxiliary cyclone connected with the major cyclone by an air-pumping pipe below the major cyclone, and means for collecting chars from the auxiliary cyclone for feeding to the gasifier for combustion. Coal-gasification power plant using entrained-bed 9aml274 furnace Nishida, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,194,854 [97,194,854] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 29 Jul 1997, Appl. 96110,594, 25 Jan 1996, 6 pp. (In Japanese) A heat exchanger is installed in the power plant for cooling a part of the coal gas. This gas is produced by coal gasification and treated by dedusting, to give a recycling quenching gas and a booster for pressurizing and supplying the gas to the coal gasification furnace. An oxidant, a coaltransporting gas, or a powdered coal-heating gas may be used as a heat exchange medium for improving the plant efficiency. The recycling quenching gas prevents coal ash from attaching to a furnace wall, etc., without reducing the plant efficiency.
Combined drying of fuel charge for gasification and 98lOQ275 fuel gas cooling Liebisch, G. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,612,346 (Cl. ClOJ3100). 2 Ott 1997, Appl. 19.612.346, 28 Mar 1996, 4 pp. (In German) A crude fuel gas was passed through a layer of a wet solid fuel charge and moisture from the charge was evaporated, and the exiting fuel gas is cooled. The charge is dried and also functions as a filter and removes entrained dust and tar from the fuel gas. The fuel charge can be periodically or continuously removed. Preferably, the gas is passed through a first layer of pre-dried and pre-heated fuel and a second layer of the fresh wet fuel. The procedure is useful for preparation of the fuel charge which is not suitable for gasification due to its high moisture content.
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous fuels)
98lOO276 Demkolec demo IGCC in Buggenum, the Netherlands: a status report Pastoors, H. Mater. High Temperature, 1997. 14, (2), 79. Since early 1994, the Demkolec demo IGCC unit has been in operation and the first years of operation with this unit are being used for a demonstration programme. The main topic to be shown in the remaining year of the demonstration period is the availability of the unit. An overview of the project status and achievements so far is provided. 9aloa277 Dense perovskite membrane reactors for partial oxidation of methane to syngas Tsai, C.-Y. ef al. AIChE .I., 1997, 43, (llA), 2741-2750. A mixed-conducting perovskite dense membrane reactor was used to perform the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. It took place at 850°C in which oxygen was separated from air and simultaneously fed into the methane stream. Deep oxidation products were obtained from a Laaz Baas Fe,,.s Coo.2 0s_~ disk-shaped membrane reactor without catalyst, with a 4.6% CH4 inlet stream. A downstream catalytic bed was added to further reform to syngas. Packing the 5% NilAlzOs catalyst directly on the membrane reaction-side surface resulted in a slow fivefold increase in Oz permeation, and a fourfold increase in CHI conversion. XRD, EDS, and SEM analyses revealed structure and composition changes on the membrane surfaces. Oxygen continuously transported from the air side appeared to stabilize the membrane interior, and the reactor was operated for up to 850 h.
98lQO278 Drunkard’s Wash project: coalbed methane production for Ferron Coals in east-central Utah, USA Lamarre, R. A. and Burns, T. D. PETROTECH-97, Proc. Int. Pet. Conf. Exhib., 2nd, 1997,4, 559-587. Edited by Swamy, S. N. and Dwivedi, P. B. R., Publishing Corp., Delhi, India. Dry, coalbed methane gas is produced in the Drunkard’s Wash Unit from coals within the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shales. The field is being developed on 160 acre spacing units with 89 wells currently producing 327 Mcfid for an average of 416 Mcf/d. Most of the wells show a classic coalbed methane negative decline curve with increasing gas rates as the reservoir pressure declines due to production of water. All wells are cased and hydraulically simulated and most require pumping units to handle the large volumes of water. However, 27 wells do not require pumps and flow unassisted to the surface. Ferron coals have an average in-place gas content of 400 Scfit, a level higher than anticipated for this rank and depth of coals. Isotopic studies of the gas suggest that the gas is thermogenic in origin. It is believed that thermogenic gas from higher rank coals deeper in the basin has migrated up to the coal pinchout. 9ai99279 ELCOGAS IGCC plant in Puertollano, Spain Mendez-Vigo, I. et al. Mater. High Temperature, 1997, 14, (2), 81-86. The material issues of the gasifier are covered following a brief description of the current status of the 335 MW, gross Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant under construction in Puertollano, Spain. The project is supported by the European Commission through the EMIE programme. A phased construction was adopted for the project with the combined cycle island operating on natural gas being connected to the Spanish grid in the Autumn of 1996. The gasification island and the air separation unit will be commissioned in 1997 and it is envisaged to connect the IGCC plant, operating on a mixture of coal and petroleum coke, to the Spanish grid in the Autumn of 1997. The gasification is based on the PRENFLO entrained-flow process with dry fuel dust feeding and is supplied by Krupp Koppers of Germany. A proposed programme that will be implemented to follow the performance of the materials is outlined and the programme will take place over a period of up to five years providing long term ‘real-plant’ data that can be used in the evaluation of the technology and in the evaluation of the short-term results of laboratory trials and pilot plant studies.
99lQO28Q An extensive study on Raney Cu-Co catalysts for synthesis of higher alcohols from coal based syngas Wang, F.-Y. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1995, 20, 489-498. The paper describes the preparation of Raney Cu-Co catalysts of different Cu-Co ratio. They were tested for the synthesis of higher alcohols and subsequently characterized by XRD, XPS, and Hz-TPD. Based on the results obtained. the nature of CO insertion sites has been discussed.
98100281 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysis Dasandhi, Y. C. and Bandyopadhyay, P. CEW, dhemica[ Eng. World, 1997, 32, (l), 47-52. (In Indian) For the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons, the F-T reaction is an important technical reaction. Therefore, the studies continue, focusing on improving catalysts. In this study, Indian iron ores, magnetite and hematite were used and their activities were compared with that of the conventional precipitated iron catalyst. The activity of the catalysts, particularly magnetite ore based, are comparable to that of the precipitated catalyst obtained from ferric nitrate salt.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1998
23